Ngabe i-Tesla NACS izohlanganisa izindawo zokushaja zaseNyakatho Melika?

Ngabe uTesla uzohlanganisa izindawo zokushaja zaseNyakatho Melika?

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, izindinganiso zokushaja zaseNyakatho Melika sezicishe zashintsha.
NgoMeyi 23, 2023, abakwaFord kungazelelwe bamemezele ukuthi bazofinyelela ngokugcwele eziteshini zokushaja zakwaTesla futhi bazoqale bathumele ama-adaptha ukuze baxhumeke ku-Tesla ukushaja izixhumi kubanikazi abakhona beFord kusukela ngonyaka ozayo, bese kuthi ngokuzayo. Izimoto zikagesi zakwaFord zizosebenzisa ngokuqondile isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja sikaTesla, esiqeda isidingo sama-adaptha futhi singasebenzisa ngokuqondile wonke amanethiwekhi wokushaja we-Tesla kulo lonke elase-United States.

Emasontweni amabili kamuva, ngoJuni 8, 2023, i-CEO yakwaGeneral Motors uBarra noMusk bamemezela engqungqutheleni ye-Twitter Spaces ukuthi iGeneral Motors izosebenzisa indinganiso kaTesla, indinganiso ye-NACS (uTesla ubiza isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja iNorth American Charging Standard (NACS ngamafuphi), efanayo. ku-Ford, i-GM iphinde yaqalisa ukuguqulwa kwalokhu kushaja okubonakalayo ngezinyathelo ezimbili Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ama-adaptha azonikezwa abanikazi bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ze-GM, bese kuqala ngo-2025, izimoto ezintsha zikagesi ze-GM zizohlonyiswa ngezindawo zokushaja ze-NACS ngokuqondile. emotweni.

Lokhu kungashiwo njengokushayisana okukhulu kwamanye amazinga wokushaja kwesixhumi esibonakalayo (ikakhulukazi i-CCS) abekade esemakethe yaseNyakatho Melika. Yize zintathu kuphela izinkampani zezimoto, iTesla, Ford kanye neGeneral Motors, ezijoyine izinga le-NACS interface, uma kubhekwa umthamo wokuthengisa wezimoto zikagesi kanye nemakethe yokushaja e-United States ngo-2022, iyinani elincane labantu abahlala e-United States. iningi lezimakethe: lezi 3 Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zalezi zinkampani kubiza ngaphezu kuka-60% wezimoto zikagesi zase-US ezithengiswayo, kanti ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-NACS yakwaTesla nakho kuhlanganisa cishe u-60% wemakethe yase-US.

2. Impi yomhlaba wonke phezu kwezindawo zokushaja
Ngaphezu komkhawulo webanga lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ukunethezeka nesivinini sokushaja nakho kuyisithiyo esikhulu ekwandisweni kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe ngokwabo, ukungqubuzana kwezindinganiso zokushaja phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda nakho kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokushaja kuhambe kancane futhi kubize kakhulu.
Njengamanje kunezindinganiso ezinhlanu zokushaja eziyinhloko emhlabeni: i-CCS1 (CCS=Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe) eNyakatho Melika, i-CCS2 eYurophu, i-GB/T e-China, i-CHAdeMO e-Japan, ne-NACS enikezelwe ku-Tesla.

Phakathi kwazo, yi-Tesla kuphela ehlale ihlanganisa i-AC ne-DC, kuyilapho abanye benezindawo zokushaja ezihlukene ze-AC (AC) kanye nezindawo zokushaja ze-DC (DC).
ENyakatho Melika, izindinganiso zokushaja ze-CCS1 kanye ne-Tesla's NACS yizona eziyinhloko njengamanje. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bekunomqhudelwano oshubile phakathi kweCCS1 kanye nezinga le-CHAdeMO laseJapan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwa kwezinkampani zaseJapan emzileni ohlanzekile kagesi eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kweNissan Leaf, iqhawe elidlule lokuthengisa ugesi eNyakatho Melika, amamodeli alandelayo u-Ariya ashintshele ku-CCS1, kwathi i-CHAdeMO yanqotshwa eNyakatho Melika. .
Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zezimoto zase-Europe zikhethe izinga le-CCS2. I-China ine-GB/T yayo evamile yokushaja (okwamanje iphromotha i-ChaoJi yesizukulwane esilandelayo sokushaja okuphezulu), kuyilapho i-Japan isasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO.
Izinga le-CCS lisuselwe esimisweni sokushaja esihlanganisiwe esisheshayo se-DC esisekelwe ezingeni le-SAE le-Society of Automotive Engineers kanye nezinga le-ACEA le-European Automotive Industry Association. I-"Fast Charging Association" yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ku-26th World Electric Vehicle Conference e-Los Angeles, e-USA ngo-2012. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili ezinkulu zezimoto zaseMelika nezaseJalimane ezihlanganisa i-Ford, i-General Motors, i-Volkswagen, i-Audi, i-BMW, ​​i-Daimler, I-Porsche ne-Chrysler basungule okuhlanganisiwe Izinga lokushaja okusheshayo kwemoto kagesi likhiphe isitatimende futhi kamuva lamemezela ukuphromotha okuhlanganyelwe kwezinga le-CCS. Yaqashelwa ngokushesha yizinhlangano zemboni yezimoto zaseMelika nezaseJalimane.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CCS1, izinzuzo ze-NACS ye-Tesla yilezi: (1) ilula kakhulu, ipulaki encane ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokushaja okunensayo nokushaja okusheshayo, kuyilapho i-CCS1 ne-CHAdeMO inkulu kakhulu; (2) zonke izimoto ze-NACS zonke zisekela iphrothokholi yedatha yokusingatha ukukhokhiswa kwe-plug-and-play. Noma ubani oshayela imoto kagesi emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka kumele akwazi lokhu. Ukuze ukhokhise, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulande izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa bese uskena ikhodi ye-QR ukuze ukhokhe. Kunzima kakhulu. engalungile. Uma ukwazi ukuxhuma futhi udlale futhi ukhokhise, ukuzizwisa kuzoba ngcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi okwamanje usekelwa amamodeli ambalwa e-CCS. (3) Isakhiwo esikhulu senethiwekhi yokushaja kaTesla sinikeza abanikazi bezimoto kalula kakhulu ekusebenziseni izimoto zabo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqwaba zokushaja ze-CCS1, ukwethembeka kwezinqwaba zokushaja ze-Tesla kuphezulu futhi isipiliyoni singcono. kuhle.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga lokushaja le-Tesla NACS nezinga lokushaja le-CCS1
Lona umehluko wokushaja okusheshayo. Kubasebenzisi baseNyakatho Melika abafuna kuphela ukushaja okunensayo, izinga lokushaja le-J1772 liyasetshenziswa. Wonke ama-Tesla afika ne-adaptha elula ebavumela ukuthi basebenzise i-J1772. Abanikazi be-Tesla bavame ukufaka amashaja e-NACS ekhaya, ashibhile.
Kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, njengamahhotela, i-Tesla izosabalalisa amashaja ahamba kancane e-NACS emahhotela; uma i-Tesla NACS iba indinganiso, i-J1772 ekhona izobe ifakwe i-adaptha ezoguqulelwa ku-NACS.
3. I-Standard VS iningi labasebenzisi
Ngokungafani neChina, enezidingo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke ezihlanganisiwe, nakuba i-CCS1 iyindinganiso yokushaja eNyakatho Melika, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nenani elikhulu lamanethiwekhi okushaja e-Tesla, lokhu kudale isimo esithakazelisa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, okungukuthi: iningi I-CCS1 izinga elisekelwa amabhizinisi (cishe zonke izinkampani ngaphandle kwe-Tesla) empeleni liyingcosana; esikhundleni se-interface ye-Tesla yokushaja ejwayelekile, empeleni isetshenziswa abasebenzisi abaningi.
Inkinga ngokuphromothwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja sikaTesla ukuthi akuyona indinganiso ekhishwe noma eqashelwa yinoma iyiphi inhlangano yamazinga, ngoba ukuze ibe yindinganiso, kufanele idlule ezinqubweni ezifanele zenhlangano yokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga. Kuyisixazululo se-Tesla uqobo, futhi ikakhulukazi IseNyakatho Melika (kanye nezinye izimakethe ezifana neJapan neSouth Korea).
Phambilini, uTesla umemezele ukuthi izonikeza igunya layo lobunikazi “mahhala” kodwa ngemibandela ethile enamathiselwe, isithembiso abambalwa abasithathile. Manje njengoba i-Tesla isivule ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe bayo bokushaja nemikhiqizo, abantu bangayisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwezibalo zemakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, ukushaja kwenqwaba/ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikaTesla kumayelana ne-1/5 kuphela yezinga, okukunikeza inzuzo enkulu yezindleko lapho ukhangisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngoJuni 9, 2023, okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kokuba iFord kanye noGeneral Motors bejoyine iTesla NACS, iWhite House ikhiphe izindaba zokuthi i-NACS kaTesla ingathola noxhaso olushajayo oluvela kubaphathi beBiden. Ngaphambi kwalokho, uTesla wayengafanelekile.
Lesi sinyathelo sezinkampani zaseMelika kanye nohulumeni kufana nokubeka izinkampani zase-Europe ekhasini elifanayo. Uma izinga le-NACS likaTesla lingagcina lihlanganise imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, khona-ke izindinganiso zokushaja zomhlaba zizokwakha isimo esisha sezingxenye ezintathu: I-GB/T yaseChina, i-CCS2 yase-Europe, ne-Tesla NACS.

Muva nje, abakwaNissan bamemezele isivumelwano noTesla sokwamukela iNorth American Charging Standard (NACS) eqala ngo-2025, okuhloswe ngayo ukunikeza abanikazi bakwaNissan ezinye izinketho zokushaja izimoto zabo zikagesi. Ezinyangeni ezimbili nje, abakhiqizi bezimoto abayisikhombisa, okuhlanganisa iVolkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, kanye neMercedes-Benz, bamemezele izivumelwano zokushaja noTesla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nosuku olulodwa, opharetha abane benethiwekhi abashaja amakhanda aphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nabahlinzeki besevisi ngesikhathi esisodwa bamemezela ukwamukelwa kwezinga le-Tesla NACS. I-$New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

I-Tesla inamandla okuhlanganisa izindinganiso zokushaja ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika.

Njengamanje kunamasethi angu-4 ezindinganiso zokushaja ezivamile emakethe, okungukuthi: Indinganiso ye-CHAdeMo yaseJapane, indinganiso ye-Chinese GB/T, indinganiso yaseYurophu neyaseMelika CCS1/2, kanye nezinga le-NACS likaTesla. Njengoba nje imimoya ihluka ukusuka kumayela kuye kwelinye futhi amasiko ehluka ukusuka kumayela kuye kwelinye, izindinganiso zephrothokholi zokushaja ezihlukene zingenye “yezikhubekiso” ekwandiseni izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele.

Njengoba sazi sonke, idola laseMelika wuhlobo lwemali olujwayelekile emhlabeni, ngakho “linzima” ikakhulukazi. Ngokubheka lokhu, uMusk uphinde waqongelela umdlalo omkhulu emzamweni wokubusa izinga lokushaja lomhlaba wonke. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, uTesla umemezele ukuthi izovula izinga le-NACS, idalule ilungelo layo lobunikazi bomklamo wokushaja, futhi imeme ezinye izinkampani zezimoto ukuthi zisebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-NACS ezimotweni ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi. Kamuva, uTesla umemezele ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja okuphezulu. I-Tesla inenethiwekhi ehamba phambili yokushaja ngokushesha e-United States, okuhlanganisa neziteshi zokushaja ezinkulu ezingaba ngu-1,600 kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-17,000. Ukufinyelela inethiwekhi ye-Tesla yokushaja okuphezulu kungonga imali eningi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokushaja ezakhelwe wena. Kusukela manje, i-Tesla ivule inethiwekhi yayo yokushaja kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto emazweni nasezifundeni eziyi-18.

Vele, uMusk ngeke ayidedele iChina, imakethe yezimoto ezintsha ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka, uTesla umemezele ukuvulwa komshayeli wenethiwekhi yokushaja eChina. Iqoqo lokuqala lokuvula umshayeli weziteshi eziyi-10 ezishaja kakhulu amamodeli angewona ama-Tesla angama-37, ahlanganisa amamodeli amaningi adumile ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo efana ne-BYD ne-“Wei Xiaoli”. Ngokuzayo, inethiwekhi yokushaja ye-Tesla izobekwa endaweni enkulu futhi ububanzi bezinsizakalo zemikhiqizo ehlukene namamodeli buzonwetshwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, izwe lami lithumele emazweni angaphandle isamba sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi eziyizi-534 000, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka izikhathi eziphindwe ngo-1.6, okulenza libe yizwe elihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokudayiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezikhiqiza amandla. Emakethe yaseShayina, izinqubomgomo zasekhaya ezihlobene namandla zakhiwe ngaphambili futhi imboni yathuthukiswa ngaphambili. Izinga likazwelonke lokushaja le-GB/T 2015 lihlanganiswe njengezinga. Kodwa-ke, ukungahambisani kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja kusavela enanini elikhulu lezimoto ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Kube nemibiko yezindaba yangaphambi kwesikhathi yokuthi ayifani nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja esijwayelekile sikazwelonke. Abanikazi bezimoto bangakhokhisa kuphela izinqwaba zokushaja ezikhethekile. Uma bedinga ukusebenzisa izinqwaba zokushaja ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke, badinga i-adaptha ekhethekile. (Umhleli akakwazanga ukuzibamba kodwa wacabanga ngezinto zikagesi ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezazisetshenziswa ekhaya lapho ngiseyingane. Kwakukhona ne-converter kusokhethi. Izinguqulo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zaziyimfucuza. Uma ngikhohlwe ngelinye ilanga, i-circuit breaker yayingase uhambo .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso zokushaja zaseShayina zakhiwe kusenesikhathi kakhulu (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi akekho owayelindele ukuthi izimoto ezintsha ezinamandla zingakhula ngokushesha okungaka), amandla okushaja ajwayelekile kazwelonke abekwe ezingeni eliqinile - umbane omkhulu ngu-950v, umkhawulo wamanje ongu-250A, okuholela ekutheni amandla ayo aphezulu ngokwethiyori abe nomkhawulo ngaphansi kuka-250kW. Ngokuphambene, izinga le-NACS elibuswa yi-Tesla emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika alinayo nje ipulaki elincane lokushaja, kodwa futhi lihlanganisa ukushaja kwe-DC/AC, nesivinini sokushaja esingafika ku-350kW.

Kodwa-ke, njengomdlali ohamba phambili ezimotweni zamandla amasha, ukuze kuvunyelwe izindinganiso zaseShayina ukuthi "zihambe emhlabeni jikelele", i-China, iJapane neJalimane ziye zakha ngokuhlanganyela izinga elisha lokushaja elithi "ChaoJi". Ngo-2020, i-CHAdeMO yaseJapan yakhipha indinganiso ye-CHAdeMO3.0 futhi yamemezela ukwamukelwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-ChaoJi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) nayo yamukele isisombululo se-ChaoJi.

Ngokwejubane lamanje, i-interface ye-ChaoJi kanye ne-Tesla NACS interface ingase ibhekane nokubhekana ngekhanda nekhanda esikhathini esizayo, futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo engagcina ibe "i-interface yohlobo C" emkhakheni wezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinkampani zezimoto eziningi zikhetha umzila othi “joyina uma ungakwazi ukukuhlula,” ukuduma kwamanje kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Tesla se-NACS kudlule kude lokho obekulindelwe abantu. Mhlawumbe asikho isikhathi esiningi esisele se-ChaoJi?