I-Europe ne-United States: uxhaso lwenqubomgomo luyakhula, ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokushaja kuyaqhubeka nokusheshisa

Ngaphansi komgomo wokunciphisa ukungcola, i-EU kanye namazwe ase-Europe asheshise ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazi zenqubomgomo. Emakethe yaseYurophu, kusukela ngo-2019, uhulumeni wase-UK umemezele ukuthi uzotshala amapondo ayizigidi ezingama-300 ezindleleni zokuhamba ezinobungani nemvelo, kanti iFrance yamemezela ngo-2020 ukuthi izosebenzisa ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zokushaja. Ngomhla ziyi-14 kuJulayi, 2021, i-European Commission yakhipha iphakethe elibizwa ngokuthi “fit for 55″, elidinga amazwe angamalungu ukuthi asheshise ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezimoto zamandla amasha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi kunesiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesi njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-60 emigwaqweni emikhulu; ngo-2022, amazwe aseYurophu ethule izinqubomgomo ezithile, okuhlanganisa uxhaso lokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja ezentengiselwano kanye neziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya, ezingamboza izindleko zokwakha nokufaka imishini yokushaja futhi zikhuthaze ngenkuthalo abathengi ukuthi bathenge amashaja.

Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu ethule izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza iziteshi zikagesi zasendlini kanye neziteshi zikagesi ezithengiswayo ukuze zikhuthaze ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja. Amazwe ayishumi nanhlanu, okuhlanganisa iJalimane, iFrance, i-UK, iSpain, i-Italy, i-Netherlands, i-Austria neSweden, ethule izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza iziteshi zokushaja zasendlini nezentengiso ngokulandelana.

Izinga lokukhula kweziteshi zokushaja eYurophu lisalela ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi iziteshi zomphakathi ziphezulu. I-2020 kanye ne-2021 izobona izimoto ezintsha zamandla eziyizigidi ezingu-2.46 kanye nezigidi ezingu-4.37 eYurophu ngokulandelana, + 77.3% kanye + 48.0% unyaka nonyaka; izinga lokungena kwezimoto zikagesi likhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi isidingo semishini yokushaja sikhula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokukhula kwemishini yokushaja eYurophu lisalele kakhulu ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngokunjalo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi isilinganiso sesiteshi sokushaja se-EV yomphakathi e-Europe sizoba ngu-9.0 no-12.3 ngo-2020 nango-2021 ngokulandelanayo, okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Inqubomgomo izosheshisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo eYurophu, okuzokhuphula kakhulu isidingo seziteshi zokushaja. Iziteshi zokushaja ezingama-360,000 zizobanjelwa e-Europe ngo-2021, kanti usayizi omusha wemakethe uzoba cishe izigidi ezingama- $ 470. Kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi omusha wemakethe wesiteshi sokushaja eYurophu uzofinyelela ku-USD 3.7 billion ngo-2025, futhi izinga lokukhula lizohlala liphezulu futhi isikhala semakethe sikhulu.

Ishaja yokupaka 2

Uxhaso lwase-US alukaze lubonwe ngaphambili, luvuselela isidingo ngamandla. Emakethe yaseMelika, ngoNovemba 2021, iSenethi lawuphasisa ngokusemthethweni umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda we-bipartisan, ohlela ukutshala ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.5 ekukhokhiseni ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda. ngoSepthemba 14, 2022, uBiden wamemezela eDetroit Auto Show ukugunyazwa kwezigidi zokuqala ezingama- $ 900 zoxhaso lohlelo lwengqalasizinda yokwakha iziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi ezifundazweni ezingama-35. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2022, izifundazwe zase-US zisheshise uxhaso lwezokwakha eziteshini zokushaja ze-EV zokuhlala nezohwebo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuqaliswa kweziteshi zokushaja. Inani lezibonelelo zeshaja ye-AC yesiteshi esisodwa ligxiliswe kububanzi obungu-US$200-500; inani loxhaso lwesiteshi somphakathi i-AC lingaphezulu, ligxile ebangeni lika-US$3,000-6,000, elingamboza u-40% -50% wokuthengwa kwezinto zokushaja, futhi likhuthaze kakhulu abathengi ukuthi bathenge ishaja ye-EV. Ngokukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo, kulindeleke ukuthi iziteshi zokushaja e-Europe nase-United States zingenise isikhathi sokwakha esisheshayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamashaja e-DC EV e-US

Uhulumeni wase-US ukugqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo, futhi isidingo seziteshi zokushaja sizobona ukukhula okusheshayo. I-Tesla ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emakethe yaseMelika, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo kulele ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, inani lesiteshi sokushaja izimoto zamandla amasha e-US lalingamayunithi ayi-113,000, kanti isibalo sezimoto zamandla amasha sasingamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-2.202, nesilinganiso sesiteshi sezimoto esingu-15.9.

Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokushaja akwanele ngokusobala. Abaphathi be-Biden bakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshaja i-EV ngohlelo lwe-NEVI. Inethiwekhi kazwelonke yeziteshi zokushaja ezingu-500,000 izosungulwa ngo-2030, namazinga amasha esivinini sokushaja, ukufakwa komsebenzisi, ukusebenzisana, amasistimu okukhokha, amanani kanye nezinye izici. Ukwanda kokungena kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla okuhambisana nokwesekwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo kuzoqhuba kakhulu ukukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo seziteshi zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zase-US kukhula ngesivinini, njengoba kudayiswe izimoto ezintsha zamandla angu-652,000 ngo-2021 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-3.07 ngo-2025, nge-CAGR yama-36.6%, nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha ezifika ku-9.06 million. Iziteshi zokushaja ziyingqalasizinda ebalulekile yezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, futhi ukunyuka kobunikazi bezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha kumele kuhambisane nezinqwaba zokushaja ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushaja zabanikazi bezimoto.

Isidingo sesiteshi sokushaja saseMelika kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula ngokushesha, indawo yemakethe inkulu. Ngo-2021 usayizi ophelele wemakethe yeshaja ye-EV yase-United States incane, cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-180, ngokukhula okusheshayo kobunikazi bezimoto zamandla amasha okulethwa ishaja ye-EV esekela isidingo sokwakha, imakethe yeshaja ye-EV kazwelonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele inani eliphelele. usayizi wama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.78 ngo-2025, i-CAGR ifinyelela ku-70%, imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, indawo yemakethe yesikhathi esizayo inkulu. Imakethe iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokushesha, futhi imakethe yesikhathi esizayo inendawo enkulu.