I-V2H V2G V2L Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kokushaja okuqondiswa kabili?

Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kokushaja kwe-bidirectional?
Amashaja anezindlela ezimbili angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezimbili ezahlukene. Eyokuqala nokukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu i-Vehicle-to-grid noma i-V2G, eklanyelwe ukuthumela noma ukuthumela amandla kugridi kagesi lapho isidingo siphezulu. Uma izinkulungwane zezimoto ezinobuchwepheshe be-V2G zixhunywa futhi zinikwe amandla, lokhu kunamandla okuguqula indlela ugesi ugcinwa futhi uphehlwe ngayo ngesilinganiso esikhulu. Ama-EV anamabhethri amakhulu, anamandla, ngakho amandla ahlanganisiwe ezinkulungwane zezimoto ezine-V2G angaba mkhulu. Qaphela ukuthi i-V2X yitemu ngezinye izikhathi elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ezichazwe ngezansi.

I-Vehicle-to-grid noma i-V2G – i-EV ithumela amandla kwamanye amazwe ukuze isekele igridi kagesi.
Imoto iya ekhaya noma i-V2H - Amandla e-EV asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla ikhaya noma ibhizinisi.
I-Vehicle-to-load noma i-V2L * - I-EV ingasetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto zikagesi noma ukushaja amanye ama-EV
* I-V2L ayidingi ishaja eqondiswa kabili ukuze isebenze

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwamashaja e-EV aqondiswa kabili okweVehicle-to-home noma i-V2H. Njengoba amagama ephakamisa, i-V2H ivumela i-EV ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesistimu yebhethri yasekhaya ukugcina amandla elanga engeziwe futhi inike amandla ikhaya lakho. Isibonelo, isistimu yebhethri yasekhaya evamile, njenge-Tesla Powerwall, inamandla angu-13.5kWh. Ngokuphambene, i-EV emaphakathi inamandla angu-65kWh, alingana nama-Tesla Powerwall acishe abe amahlanu. Ngenxa yomthamo webhethri elikhulu, i-EV eshajwe ngokugcwele ingase isekele ikhaya eliyisilinganiso izinsuku ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo noma isikhathi eside uma ihlanganiswe ne-solar ephahleni.

imoto-to-grid - V2G
I-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ilapho ingxenye encane yamandla ebhethri e-EV egciniwe ithunyelwa kugridi kagesi uma kudingeka, kuye ngohlelo lwesevisi. Ukuze ubambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni ze-V2G, ishaja ye-DC ye-bidirectional kanye ne-EV ehambisanayo iyadingeka. Yiqiniso, kunezinye izikhuthazo zezimali zokwenza lokhu futhi abanikazi be-EV banikezwa amakhredithi noma izindleko zikagesi ezincishisiwe. Ama-EV ane-V2G angakwazi futhi ukunika amandla umnikazi ukuthi abambe iqhaza kuhlelo lwesikhungo samandla esibonakalayo (i-VPP) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwegridi nokuhlinzeka ngamandla ngezikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu. Ama-EV ambalwa kuphela anekhono lokushaja i-V2G kanye ne-bidirectional DC; lezi zihlanganisa imodeli yakamuva ye-Nissan Leaf (ZE1) kanye ne-Mitsubishi Outlander noma i-Eclipse plug-in hybrids.

Naphezu kokwaziwa, enye yezinkinga ngokukhishwa kobuchwepheshe be-V2G izinselelo zokulawula kanye nokuntuleka kwezimiso nezixhumi zokushaja eziqondiswa kabili. Amashaja aqondiswa kabili, njengama-solar inverter, abhekwa njengolunye uhlobo lokukhiqiza ugesi futhi kufanele ahlangabezane nazo zonke izindinganiso zokulawula zokuphepha kanye nokuvala shaqa uma kwenzeka igridi ihluleka. Ukuze banqobe lezi zinkimbinkimbi, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto, njengeFord, basungule amasistimu wokushaja aqondiswa kabili we-AC asebenza kuphela nama-Ford EV ukuze anikeze amandla ekhaya kunokuwathumela kugridi. Ezinye, njenge-Nissan, zisebenza zisebenzisa amashaja ajikelezayo emhlabeni wonke njenge-Wallbox Quasar, echazwe kabanzi ngezansi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-V2G.
Namuhla, ama-EV amaningi afakwe imbobo yokushaja evamile ye-CCS DC. Okwamanje, okuwukuphela kwe-EV esebenzisa imbobo ye-CCS ukuze ishaje kabili i-Ford F-150 Lightning EV esanda kukhishwa. Kodwa-ke, ama-EV amaningi anamachweba oxhumano lwe-CCS azotholakala enekhono le-V2H ne-V2G maduze nje, njengoba i-VW imemezela i-ID yayo yezimoto zikagesi ingase inikeze ukushaja okuphindwe kabili ngo-2023.
2. Imoto eya Ekhaya – V2H
Imoto eya ekhaya (V2H) ifana ne-V2G, kodwa amandla asetshenziswa endaweni ukunika amandla ikhaya esikhundleni sokuphakelwa kugridi kagesi. Lokhu kuvumela i-EV ukuthi isebenze njengesistimu yebhethri yasendlini evamile ukusiza ukukhulisa ukuzimela, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe ne-solar ephahleni. Nokho, inzuzo esobala kakhulu ye-V2H yikhono lokunikeza amandla ayisipele ngesikhathi sokucisha.

Ukuze i-V2H isebenze, idinga ishaja ye-EV ehambisana nezinhlangothi zombili kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezengeziwe, okuhlanganisa imitha yamandla (i-CT imitha) efakwe endaweni yokuxhuma igridi enkulu. Imitha ye-CT iqapha ukuhamba kwamandla ukuya nokubuya kugridi. Uma isistimu ithola amandla egridi asetshenziswa ikhaya lakho, ikhombisa ishaja ye-EV eqondiswa kabili ukuthi ikhiphe inani elilinganayo, ngaleyo ndlela isuse noma imaphi amandla athathwe kugridi. Ngokufanayo, lapho isistimu ithola amandla athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esuka kuhlu lwelanga ophahleni, idlulisela lokhu ukuze ishaje i-EV, efana kakhulu nendlela amashaja e-EV ahlakaniphile asebenza ngayo. Ukuze unike amandla amandla okulondoloza uma kwenzeka kucinywa ugesi noma isimo esiphuthumayo, isistimu ye-V2H kufanele ikwazi ukubona ukuphela kwegridi futhi iyihlukanise nenethiwekhi isebenzisa isixhumi esizenzakalelayo (switch). Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-islanding, futhi isiguquli se-bidirectional empeleni sisebenza njengesiguquli esingaphandle kwegridi sisebenzisa ibhethri le-EV. Imishini yokuhlukanisa igridi iyadingeka ukuze kusebenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, njengama-inverter ayi-hybrid asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zebhethri eziyisipele.