Imboni ye-Vietnam EV: Ukuqonda Ithuba le-B2B lamafemu angaphandle

Phakathi nenguquko emangalisayo yomhlaba wonke elungisa kabusha ikusasa lezokuthutha, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi (EV) imi phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele kanti iVietnam nayo iyafana.

Lokhu akuyona nje into eholwa ngabathengi. Njengoba imboni ye-EV idlondlobala, kuqhamuke ukwanda kokubambisana kwebhizinisi-kuya-ibhizinisi (B2B), lapho amafemu engakwazi ukunikeza izingxenye nezingxenye noma amasevisi asekelayo avula intaphane yamathuba anenzuzo enkulu. Kusukela esidingweni esikhulayo sengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV ukuya endaweni eguquguqukayo yokukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka ngamabhethri, umhlaba wamathuba ulindile.

Kepha eVietnam, imboni ayikathuthukisiwe. Ngalokhu, izinkampani ezimakethe zingazuza ngenzuzo yokuqala; nokho-ke, lokhu kungase futhi kube inkemba esika nhlangothi zombili ngokuthi bangadinga ukutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni imakethe iyonke.

Unalokhu engqondweni, sinikeza umbono omfishane wamathuba e-B2B embonini yezimoto zikagesi eVietnam.

Izinselelo ezingena emakethe ye-Vietnamese EV
Ingqalasizinda
Imakethe ye-EV eVietnam ibhekene nezithiyo eziningi ezihlobene nengqalasizinda. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sama-EV, ukusungulwa kwenethiwekhi eqinile yokushaja kuyabaluleka ukuze kusekelwe ukutholwa okusabalele. Kodwa-ke, iVietnam njengamanje ibhekene nemikhawulo ngenxa yokushoda kweziteshi zokushaja, umthamo wegridi yamandla anganele, kanye nokungabikho kwezimiso zokushaja ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, lezi zici zingadala ubunzima bokusebenza kumabhizinisi.
“Kuphinde kube nezinselelo zokuhlangabezana nenhloso yemboni ye-EV yokuguqula izimoto, njengohlelo lwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha olungakahlangani noguquko olunamandla oluya kugesi,” kusho iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha, u-Le Anh Tuan, etshela iworkshop ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule.

Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyazazi izinselelo zesakhiwo futhi cishe uzokweseka imizamo eholwa yimboni ezimele yokuqhubekisela phambili ingqalasizinda ebalulekile.

Ukuncintisana kwabadlali asebekhulile
Inselele engaba khona kubabambiqhaza bakwamanye amazwe abasebenzisa indlela yokulinda futhi babone ingase ibangelwe ukuncintisana okukhulu emakethe yaseVietnam. Njengoba amandla emboni ye-EV yaseVietnam ebonakala, ukwanda kwamabhizinisi angaphandle angena kulo mkhakha okhulayo kungase kubangele ukuncintisana okukhulu.

Amabhizinisi e-B2B emakethe ye-EV yaseVietnam awagcini nje ngokubhekana nokuncintisana okuvela kubadlali asebekhulile ekhaya, njenge-VinFast, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Laba badlali bavame ukuba nolwazi oluningi, izinsiza, namaketango asunguliwe wokunikezela. Abadlali abakhulu kule makethe, abafana noTesla (e-USA), BYD (China), neVolkswagen (Germany), bonke banezimoto zikagesi okungaba inselelo ukuncintisana nazo.

Inqubomgomo kanye nemvelo yokulawula
Imakethe ye-EV, njengezinye izimboni, ithonywa izinqubomgomo nemithetho kahulumeni. Ngisho nangemva kokufinyelelwa kokubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezimbili, zisengabhekana nezinselele ezihlobene nokuzulazula kwemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi nehlala ishintsha, ukuthola izimvume ezidingekayo, nokuthobela izindinganiso zekhwalithi.

Muva nje, uhulumeni waseVietnam ukhiphe isimemezelo esilawula ukuhlolwa kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezimoto nezingxenye ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe semithethonqubo yabangenisa kwamanye amazwe. Lo mthetho uzoqala ukusebenza ezingxenyeni zezimoto kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Okthoba 2023, futhi uzosebenza ezimotweni ezenziwe ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 2025.

Izinqubomgomo ezinjengalezi zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuzuzeni inzuzo kwamabhizinisi asebenza emkhakheni we-EV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, izinxephezelo, kanye nezibonelelo zingadala ukungaqiniseki futhi zithinte ukuhlelwa kwebhizinisi kwesikhathi eside.

Ukutholwa kwamakhono, igebe lamakhono
Kumadili aphumelelayo e-B2B, izinsiza zabantu zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba imboni ikhula, kunesidingo sochwepheshe abanamakhono abanolwazi kubuchwepheshe be-EV. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ochwepheshe abanekhono kungaba yinselelo emabhizinisini aseVietnam njengoba kusenokuntuleka kwezikhungo zemfundo eziqeqeshela le mboni ngqo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zingase zibhekane nezingqinamba ekuqasheni nasekugcineni abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Ukwengeza, isivinini esisheshayo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe sidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kwabasebenzi abakhona, okungase kubhebhethekise nakakhulu inkinga.

Amathuba
Naphezu kwezinselelo ezikhona emakethe ye-EV yasekhaya, kusobala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-EV kuzoqhubeka nokukhula njengoba ukukhathazeka okuzungeze ukungcoliswa komoya, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokuqeda imithombo yamandla kukhuphuka.

Ngaphakathi komongo we-Vietnamese, ukwanda okuthakazelisayo kwentshisekelo yamakhasimende ekuthathweni kwe-EV sekubonakala ngokuqhubekayo. Inani lama-EV eVietnam kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1 ngo-2028 kanye namayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-3.5 ngo-2040, ngokusho kwe-Statista. Lesi sidingo esiphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi siphese ezinye izimboni ezisekelayo, njengengqalasizinda, izixazululo zokushaja, kanye nezinsiza ze-EV ezihambisanayo. Kanjalo, imboni ye-EV esafufusa eVietnam iveza inhlabathi evundile yokusebenzisana kwe-B2B namathuba okwenza imifelandawonye yamasu kanye nokwenza imali kule makethe ekhulayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye kanye nobuchwepheshe
EVietnam, kunamathuba abalulekile e-B2B endaweni yezingxenye zemoto nobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-EV emakethe yezimoto kudale isidingo sezinto ezahlukahlukene njengamathayi nezingxenye eziyisipele kanye nesidingo semishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Isibonelo esisodwa esiphawulekayo kulesi sizinda i-ABB yase-Sweden, ehlinzeke ngamarobhothi angaphezu kwe-1,000 efekthri ye-VinFast e-Hai Phong. Ngala marobhothi, i-VinFast ihlose ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithuthuthu zikagesi nezimoto. Lokhu kugqamisa amathuba okuba izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zifake isandla ngobuchule bazo kwezamarobhothi kanye ne-automation ukuze zisekele ukukhiqizwa kwendawo.

Enye intuthuko ebalulekile ukutshalwa kwezimali kukaFoxconn esifundazweni saseQuang Ninh, lapho inkampani igunyazwe uhulumeni waseVietnam ukuthi itshale amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-246 kumaphrojekthi amabili. Ingxenye enkulu yalolu tshalomali, efinyelela ezigidini ezingu-US$200, izokwabelwa ukusungulwa kwefekthri ezinikele ekukhiqizeni amashaja nezingxenye ze-EV. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2025.

Ukushaja kwe-EV nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe ye-EV kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwakha iziteshi zokushaja nokuthuthukisa amagridi kagesi. Kule ndawo, iVietnam isivuthiwe ngamathuba okubambisana.

Isibonelo, isivumelwano esisayinwe phakathi kwePetrolimex Group ne-VinFast ngoJuni 2022 sizobona iziteshi zokushaja i-VinFast zifakwa kunethiwekhi enkulu yeziteshi zikaphethiloli zePetrolimex. I-VinFast izophinde ihlinzekele ngezinsizakalo zokuqasha amabhethri futhi isize ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokunakekela ezinikezelwe ekulungiseni ama-EV.

Ukuhlanganiswa kweziteshi zokushaja ngaphakathi kwamagalaji kaphethiloli akhona akwenzi nje kube lula kubanikazi be-EV ukuthi bakhokhise izimoto zabo kodwa futhi kusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona eletha izinzuzo kumabhizinisi asafufusa nangokwesiko emkhakheni wezimoto.

Ukuqonda imakethe yezinsizakalo ze-EV
Imboni ye-EV inikeza izinsiza eziningi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukuqashisa nge-EV nezixazululo zokuhamba.

I-VinFast kanye Nezinsizakalo Zamatekisi
I-VinFast ithathele ekuqashiseni izimoto zabo zikagesi ezinkampanini zesevisi yezokuthutha. Ngokuphawulekayo, inkampani engaphansi kwabo, iGreen Sustainable Mobility (GSM), isibe enye yezinkampani zokuqala eVietnam ukunikeza le nkonzo.
I-Lado Taxi futhi ihlanganise ama-VinFast EV acishe abe ngu-1,000, ahlanganisa amamodeli, afana nama-VF e34s kanye ne-VF 5sPlus, emisebenzini yawo yamatekisi kagesi ezifundazweni ezifana ne-Lam Dong ne-Binh Duong.

Kwenye intuthuko ebalulekile, i-Sun Taxi isayine inkontileka ne-VinFast yokuthenga izimoto ezingu-3,000 ze-VF 5s Plus, ezimele ukuthengwa kwemikhumbi emikhulukazi eVietnam kuze kube manje, ngokusho kwe-Vingroup Financial Report H1 2023.

I-Selex Motors kanye neLazada Logistics
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, i-Selex Motors kanye neLazada Logistics basayine isivumelwano sokusebenzisa izikuta zikagesi ze-Selex Camel ekusebenzeni kwazo eHo Chi Minh City naseHanoi. Njengengxenye yesivumelwano, abakwaSelex Motors banikeze izithuthuthu zikagesi kwaLazada Logistics ngoDisemba 2022, ngezinhlelo zokusebenzisa okungenani izimoto eziyi-100 zalolu hlobo ngo-2023.

Dat Bike futhi Gojek
I-Dat Bike, inkampani yaseVietnam yesithuthuthu sikagesi, yathatha igxathu elibalulekile embonini yezokuthutha lapho ingena ekusebenzisaneni okunesu noGojek ngoMeyi walo nyaka. Lokhu kubambisana kuhloselwe ukuguqula izinsiza zokuthutha ezihlinzekwa yi-Gojek, okuhlanganisa i-GoRide yezokuthutha abagibeli, i-GoFood yokulethwa kokudla, kanye ne-GoSend ngezinjongo zokulethwa okuvamile. Ukwenza lokhu izosebenzisa isithuthuthu sikagesi esihamba phambili se-Dat Bike, i-Dat Bike Weaver++, ekusebenzeni kwayo.

I-VinFast, Yiba Iqembu, ne-VPBank
I-VinFast itshale imali ngokuqondile ku-Be Group inkampani yezimoto zobuchwepheshe, futhi yasayina imemorandamu yokusebenzisana ukuze isebenzise izithuthuthu zikagesi ze-VinFast. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwesekwa yi-Vietnam Prosperity Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VPBank), abashayeli be-Be Group banikezwa izinzuzo ezikhethekile uma kuziwa ekuqasheni noma ekubeni nemoto kagesi i-VinFast.

Okuthathwayo okubalulekile
Njengoba imakethe ikhula futhi nezinkampani ziqinisa isikhundla sazo semakethe, zidinga inethiwekhi eqinile yabahlinzeki, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, kanye nozakwethu ukuze baqhubekisele phambili imisebenzi yabo ukuze bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo. Lokhu kuvula izindlela zokusebenzisana kwe-B2B nokusebenzisana nabasanda kungena abanganikeza izixazululo ezintsha, izingxenye ezikhethekile, noma izinsizakalo ezihambisanayo.

Nakuba kusenemikhawulo kanye nobunzima kumabhizinisi akule mboni esafufusa, akukho ukuphika amandla esikhathi esizayo njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-EV kuhambisana neziqondiso zokwenza isimo sezulu kanye nokuzwela kwabathengi.

Ngokubambisana kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamasu kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa, amabhizinisi e-B2B angakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla omunye nomunye, akhuthaze ukuqamba okusha, futhi abambe iqhaza ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhakha we-EV waseVietnam.