Ukuqonda Ubuchwepheshe ngemuva kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC

Isingeniso

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ziqhubeka nokuduma, kanjalo nesidingo sokushaja ingqalasizinda esheshayo, ephumelelayo, netholakala kabanzi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokushaja kwe-EV, Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-AC kuye kwavela njengesixazululo esithembisayo esilinganisa isivinini sokushaja nezindleko zengqalasizinda. Le bhulogi izohlola ubuchwepheshe be-AC Fast Charging, izinzuzo zayo kanye nezinzuzo, izingxenye, izindleko, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona, njll.

Ukutholwa Kwemoto Kagesi (EV) kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa izindleko, ububanzi, nesivinini sokushaja. Kulokhu, isivinini sokushaja sibalulekile ngoba sithinta ukunethezeka nokufinyeleleka kwama-EV. Uma isikhathi sokushaja sihamba kancane, abashayeli ngeke bakhuthazwe ukusebenzisa ama-EV ohambo olude noma uhambo lokuya emsebenzini lwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushaja buthuthuka, isivinini sokushaja siye sashesha, okwenza ama-EV asebenze kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Njengoba kwakhiwa iziteshi zokushaja ezinesivinini esikhulu kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ziqhubeka nokwehla, ukwamukelwa kwe-EV cishe kuzokwenyuka kakhulu.

Iyini Ukushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC?

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuwuhlobo lokushaja imoto kagesi esebenzisa amandla e-AC (amanje ashintshayo) ukushaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo lokushaja ludinga isiteshi sokushaja esikhethekile noma ibhokisi lodonga ukuze ilethe amazinga wamandla aphezulu eshajani engaphakathi kwemoto. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuyashesha kunokushaja okujwayelekile kwe-AC kodwa kuhamba kancane kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, esebenzisa amandla akhona ngqo ukushaja ibhethri lemoto. ishaja.

Ukubuka konke Kwezobuchwepheshe Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-AC

Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja be-AC

Ngalobu buchwepheshe, abanikazi be-EV sebengakwazi manje ukushaja izimoto zabo ngesivinini esisheshayo, esibavumela ukuthi bahambe amabanga amade ngaphandle kokudinga izitobhi ezinwetshiwe zokushajwa. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kusebenzisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-amperage kunezindlela zokushaja ezijwayelekile, okuvumela ama-EV ukuthi ashaje kufika ku-80% womthamo webhethri lawo emizuzwini engama-30. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okuguqula indlela esicabanga ngayo ngezokuthutha ngogesi, kwenze kube inketho esebenzisekayo nesebenzayo yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

I-AC VS. Ukushaja kwe-DC

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushaja kwe-EV: ukushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-DC (i-direct current) ukushaja. Ukushaja kwe-DC kungaletha amandla ngqo ebhethrini lemoto, kudlule ishaja engaphakathi futhi ishaje ngesivinini esingafika ku-350 kW. Nokho, ingqalasizinda yokushaja i-DC ibiza kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela. Nakuba ukushaja kwe-AC kuhamba kancane kunokushaja kwe-DC, itholakala kabanzi futhi kubiza kancane ukuyifaka.

Ukushaja kwe-AC Okusebenza Kanjani nokuthi Yini Ekwenza Kusheshe Kuneshaja ye-AC evamile

Ukushaja kwe-AC kuyinqubo yokushaja kabusha ibhethri lemoto kagesi (EV) kusetshenziswa amandla ashintshayo wamanje (AC). Ukushaja i-AC kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ishaja ye-AC evamile noma esheshayo. Ishaja ye-AC evamile isebenzisa isistimu yokushaja Yezinga 1, ngokuvamile eletha ama-volts angu-120 namandla afinyelela kwangu-16, okuholela kusivinini sokushaja esingamamayela angu-4-5 webanga ngehora.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishaja ye-AC esheshayo isebenzisa isistimu yokushaja ye-Level 2, eletha ama-volts angu-240 namandla afinyelela kwangu-80, okuholela esivinini sokushaja esingafika ku-25 miles ububanzi ngehora. Lesi sivinini sokushaja esikhulayo sibangelwa amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-amperage elethwa isistimu yokushaja yeLeveli 2, okuvumela amandla engeziwe ukuthi agelezele ebhethri le-EV ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinhlelo zokushaja zeLeveli 2 zivame ukuba nezici ezifana nokuxhumana kwe-WiFi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ukuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokushaja.

Izinzuzo Nezinzuzo Zokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kunezinzuzo nezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezikwenza kube yisixazululo esikhangayo kubanikazi be-EV nabaqhubi beziteshi zokushaja.Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC isikhathi esincishisiwe sokushaja. Ibhethri elijwayelekile le-EV lingashajwa ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-80% cishe emaminithini angu-30-45 ngeshaja esheshayo ye-AC, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora ambalwa ngeshaja ye-AC evamile.

Enye inzuzo yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC izindleko zayo zengqalasizinda eziphansi kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kudinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo, okuyenza ibize kakhulu. Okunye, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungenziwa nengqalasizinda elula, kwehliswe izindleko zokufaka zizonke.

Ubulula bengqalasizinda yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC iphinde inikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu mayelana nezindawo zokufaka. Iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-AC zingafakwa ezindaweni ezibanzi, njengezindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokuthenga, nezindawo zomphakathi, okwenza kufinyeleleke kalula kubanikazi be-EV ukushaja izimoto zabo.

Ukusebenza Nokuphumelela Kokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC Kwama-EV

Ngokuhambisana nezinzuzo zako, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC nakho kuyisixazululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokushaja ama-EV. Amazinga aphezulu wamandla okushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC avumela amandla engeziwe ukuthi alethwe kubhethri ngesikhathi esifushane, okunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokushajwa okugcwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushaja okujwayelekile kwe-AC, njengoba iletha amandla ebhethri ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kulahleka amandla amancane njengokushisa phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, okuholela ekumosheni amandla amancane kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokushaja zomnikazi we-EV.

Izesekeli Nokushaja Okusheshayo kwe-AC

Iziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-AC zinezingxenye eziningana nezinsiza ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze isisombululo sokushaja esisheshayo nesisebenzayo sama-EV.

Ukwethulwa Kwezingxenye Zokushaja Ngokushesha ze-AC

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesiteshi sokushaja esisheshayo se-AC zifaka imojula yamandla, imojula yokuxhumana, ikhebula lokushaja, nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Imojula yamandla iguqula umthombo wamandla we-AC ube amandla e-DC futhi iwulethe kubhethri le-EV. Imojula yokuxhumana ilawula inqubo yokushaja, ixhumana ne-EV, futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yokushaja. Ikhebuli yokushaja ixhuma isiteshi sokushaja ku-EV, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi sinikeza ulwazi kumnikazi we-EV futhi sibenze bakwazi ukuqala nokumisa inqubo yokushaja.

Indlela Lezi Zisekeli Ezisebenzisana Ngayo

Uma umnikazi we-EV exhuma imoto yakhe esiteshini sokushaja esisheshayo se-AC, isiteshi sokushaja sixhumana ne-EV ukuze sinqume imingcele yokushaja efanelekile yaleyo moto ethile. Uma lezi zinhlaka sezisunguliwe, isiteshi sokushaja siletha amandla ebhethri le-EV sisebenzisa intambo ye-AC enamandla amakhulu.

Isiteshi sokushaja siphinde sigade isimo sebhethri njengoba ishaja, silungisa amapharamitha wokushaja njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhethri ishaja ngenani elifanele. Uma ibhethri selifinyelele ekushajweni kwalo okugcwele, isiteshi sokushaja siyayeka ukunikeza amandla emotweni, siqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri ayishaji kakhulu nokuthi ukuphila kwayo akuncishisiwe.

Izindleko Zokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC

Izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC zingahluka kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuphuma kwamandla esiteshi sokushaja, uhlobo lwesixhumi esisetshenzisiwe, kanye nendawo yesiteshi sokushaja. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC ziphakeme kunezokushaja okujwayelekile kwe-AC, kodwa zisashibhe kakhulu kunophethiloli.

Izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC ngokuvamile zibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lamandla asetshenziswe i-EV. Lokhu kukalwa ngama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh). Izindleko zikagesi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo, kodwa ngokuvamile ziba phakathi kuka-$0.10 kuya ku-$0.20 nge-kWh ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, ukushaja i-EV ngebhethri engu-60 kWh ukusuka engenalutho kuye egcwele kungabiza cishe u-$6 kuya ku-$12.

Ngaphezu kwezindleko zikagesi, ezinye iziteshi zokushaja zingase zikhokhise imali ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zazo. Lezi zimali zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwesiteshi sokushaja. Ezinye iziteshi zinikeza ukushaja kwamahhala, kuyilapho ezinye zikhokhisa imali ephansi noma isilinganiso somzuzu ngamunye.

Ukushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC kanye Nempilo Yebhethri

Okunye okukhathazayo abanikazi be-EV abaningi abanakho mayelana nokushaja okusheshayo umthelela ongaba khona empilweni yebhethri. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kungabangela ukuguga okukhulu nokudabuka kwebhethri kunokushaja kancane, umthelela ngokuvamile mncane.

Abakhiqizi abaningi be-EV baklame izimoto zabo ukuthi zihambisane nokushajwa okusheshayo futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile ukusiza ukunciphisa umthelela empilweni yebhethri. Isibonelo, amanye ama-EV asebenzisa amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi ukusiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lebhethri phakathi nokushaja okusheshayo, ukwehlisa ukuba nokwenzeka komonakalo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-EV

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezihlukene, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu kuya engqalasizinda yomphakathi. Okokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuvumela abanikazi be-EV ukuthi bashaje kabusha izimoto zabo ngokushesha lapho besohambeni, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuhamba amabanga amade ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphelelwa amandla.

Ngengqalasizinda yomphakathi, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungasiza ukusekela ukukhula kwemakethe ye-EV ngokuhlinzeka ngezinketho zokushaja ezithembekile nezilula zabanikazi be-EV. Le ngqalasizinda ingatshalwa ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene, njengezindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokuphumula, nezinye izindawo zomphakathi.

Izinselelo Nekusasa Lokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-AC

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC. Ngokungafani neziteshi zokushaja ezivamile, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kudinga umthamo kagesi omkhulu kakhulu, ngakho ukuthuthukisa igridi yamandla nokufaka ama-transformer anamandla amakhulu nezinye izinto zokusebenza kungabiza futhi kudle isikhathi. Ukwengeza, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungacindezela kakhulu ibhethri kanye nesistimu yokushaja yemoto, okungase kwehlise ubude bayo bempilo futhi kwandise ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile nezinye izinkinga zokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha namazinga aqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuyilapho okwenza kufinyeleleke kalula futhi kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ikusasa lokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC libukeka lithembisa njengoba izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zithandwa kakhulu futhi zisabalele. Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi abaningi beziteshi zokushaja ze-EV basemakethe(isb, i-Mida), ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthola isiteshi sokushaja esisheshayo se-AC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kungaholela kumabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke ikusasa lokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC liqhakazile futhi lizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwamukelweni okusabalele kwezimoto zikagesi.

Isifinyezo

Sengiphetha, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekukhuleni kwemakethe ye-EV. Nokho, njengoba isibalo sama-EV siqhubeka nokwanda, ezinye izinkinga zisadinga ukubhekwana nazo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile, singaphinda siqinisekise ukuthi ukushaja kwe-AC okusheshayo kuzoqhubeka kuyindlela ethembekile nevumelana nemvelo yokufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni zikagesi zakusasa.