Okuthrendayo Kumakhono Wokushaja we-EV

Ukukhula kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi kungase kuzwakale kungenakugwenywa: ukugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, isimo sezepolitiki samanje, ukutshalwa kwezimali nguhulumeni kanye nemboni yezimoto, kanye nokuphishekela okuqhubekayo komphakathi osebenza ngogesi konke kukhomba inzuzo ezimotweni zikagesi. Kuze kube manje, nokho, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezimoto zikagesi ngabathengi kuye kwaphazanyiswa izikhathi ezinde zokushaja kanye nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokushaja i-EV ibhekana nalezi zinselele, ivumela ukushaja okuphephile nokusheshayo ekhaya nasemgwaqeni. Izingxenye zokushaja nengqalasizinda ziyakhuphuka ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ye-EV ekhula ngokushesha, ivula indlela yokukhula okubonakalayo kwezokuthutha ngogesi.

AMANDLA OKUSHAYELA NGEMVA KWE-EV MARKET

Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimotweni zikagesi kuye kwakhula iminyaka eminingana, kodwa ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nesidingo kuye kwagcizelelwa imikhakha eminingana yomphakathi. Ukugxila okukhulayo kwezixazululo zesimo sezulu kuye kwagqamisa ukubaluleka kwezimoto zikagesi - ikhono lokunciphisa kokubili ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kanye nokutshala izimali zokuthutha amandla ahlanzekile sekube umgomo osabalele kahulumeni kanye nezimboni ngokufanayo. Lokhu kugxila ekukhuleni okusimeme nokongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo kuphinde kuqhubekisele phambili ubuchwepheshe bubheke emphakathini osebenza ngogesi wonke - umhlaba onamandla angenamkhawulo asekelwe kuzinsiza ezivuselelekayo ezingenakho ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyingozi.
Lezi zishayeli zezemvelo nezobuchwepheshe zibonakala ezintweni eziza kuqala ezimisweni zombuso kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa uMthetho Wokutshalwa Kwengqalasizinda Nemisebenzi Ka-2021, obubeke u-$7.5 billion wengqalasizinda ye-EV ezingeni likahulumeni, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5 wokushaja kwe-EV kanye nezibonelelo zengqalasizinda zokugcwalisa uphethiloli, kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 kuHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokushaja Izimoto zikagesi. I-Biden Administration iphinde iphishekele inhloso yokwakha nokufaka iziteshi zokushaja ze-DC ezingama-500,000 ezweni lonke.

Lo mkhuba ungabuye ubonakale ezingeni likahulumeni. Amazwe ahlanganisa iCalifornia, Massachusetts, neNew Jersey aphishekela umthetho wokwamukela zonke izimoto zikagesi. Izikweletu zentela, inhlangano ye-Electrify America, izinxephezelo, kanye nemiyalo nakho kunomthelela kubathengi nabakhiqizi ngokufanayo ukuthi bamukele ukunyakaza kwe-EV.

Abakhiqizi bezimoto bajoyina umnyakazo obheke ezimotweni zikagesi, futhi. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili abahlanganisa iGM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, ne-Audi bahlezi bethula izinhlobo ezintsha ze-EV. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, kulindeleke ukuthi kube namamodeli we-EV angaphezu kuka-80 nama-plug-in hybrids atholakala emakethe. Kunenani elikhulayo labakhiqizi abasha be-EV abajoyina imakethe futhi, okuhlanganisa uTesla, Lucid, Nikola, kanye noRivian.

Izinkampani zezinsiza nazo zilungiselela umphakathi osebenza ngogesi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinsiza zihlale ngaphambi kwejika uma kuziwa ekufakweni kukagesi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo, futhi ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ehlanganisa ama-microgrid azodingeka ezindaweni ezimaphakathi ukuze kuhlaliswe iziteshi zokushaja ugesi. Ukuxhumana kwemoto kuya kuGridi nakho kuyadlondlobala emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka.

IZITHIBONGO ZOKUKHULA

Yize ukhula umfutho ekutholweni kwe-EV okusabalele, izinselelo kulindeleke ukuthi zinciphise ukukhula. Nakuba izikhuthazo zizokhuthaza abathengi noma izindiza ukuthi zishintshele ezimotweni zikagesi, zingase zize nokubamba - kungase kube khona ukunyakaza kwama-EV ukuze akwazi ukuxhumana nengqalasizinda ukuze alandelele amakhilomitha, okudinga ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe nengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana ngaphandle.

Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu zokwamukelwa kwe-EV ezingeni labathengi ingqalasizinda yokushaja enokwethenjelwa nesebenzayo. Kuzodingeka amachweba wokushaja alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-9.6 ngonyaka ka-2030 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhula okubikezelwe kwemakethe ye-EV. Cishe u-80% walawo machweba azoba amashaja asekhaya, futhi cishe u-20% kuzoba amashaja asesidlangalaleni noma asendaweni yokusebenza. Okwamanje, abathengi bayangabaza ukuthenga imoto ye-EV ngenxa yokukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene - ukukhathazeka ngokuthi imoto yabo ngeke ikwazi ukuthatha uhambo olude ngaphandle kokuthi ishajwe kabusha, nokuthi iziteshi zokushaja ngeke zitholakale noma zisebenze kahle uma kudingeka.

Amashaja asesidlangalaleni noma abiwe ikakhulukazi kufanele akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokushaja anesivinini esiphezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi ubusuku nemini. Umshayeli oma esiteshini sokushaja eduze kothelawayeka cishe udinga ukushajwa kwamandla aphezulu - amasistimu okushaja amandla aphezulu azokwazi ukunikeza izimoto ibhethri elicishe lishajwe ngokuphelele ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa nje yokushaja.

Amashaja anesivinini esikhulu adinga ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini ethile ukuze asebenze ngokwethembeka. Amandla okupholisa uketshezi ayadingeka ukuze ugcine izikhonkwane zokushaja ezingeni lokushisa elifanele futhi andise isikhathi imoto engashajwa ngayo ngamaza aphezulu. Ezindaweni zokushaja eziminyene imoto, ukugcina izikhonkwane zokuthintwa zipholile kuzodala ukushaja kwamandla aphezulu okusebenzayo nokungaguquguquki ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sokushaja umthengi.

IZINDABA ZOKUCABANGA KOKUDIYINA ISHAJA ENEMANDLA ENKULU

Amashaja e-EV aya ngokuya akhiwa ngokugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukumangeleka namandla okushaja okunamandla aphezulu ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zabashayeli be-EV futhi anqobe ukukhathazeka kwebanga. Ishaja ye-EV enamandla amakhulu enama-amps angu-500 yenziwa yenzeke ngesistimu yokupholisa uketshezi nokuqapha - isithwali sokuxhumana esixhunyweni sokushaja sibonisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal futhi sisebenza njengesitha sokushisa njengoba into epholile ihlakaza ukushisa ngamapayipi okupholisa ahlanganisiwe. Lawa mashaja aqukethe izinzwa ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa izinzwa zokuvuza okupholile kanye nokuqapha izinga lokushisa okunembile kukho konke ukuthinta kwamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izikhonkwane aweqi ku-90 degrees Celsius. Uma lowo mkhawulo ufinyelelwa, isilawuli sokushaja esiteshini sokushaja sinciphisa ukuphuma kwamandla ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo.

Amashaja e-EV nawo adinga ukuthi akwazi ukumelana nokuguga futhi alungiswe kalula. Izibambo zokushaja ze-EV ziklanyelwe ukuguga, ukuphatha kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuthinta ubuso bokukhwelana akunakugwenywa. Ngokukhula, amashaja aklanywa ngezingxenye zemodular, okuvumela ukushintshwa kalula kobuso bokukhwelana.
Ukuphathwa kwekhebula eziteshini zokushaja nakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuphila isikhathi eside nokuthembeka. Izintambo zokushaja ezinamandla amakhulu ziqukethe izintambo zethusi, izintambo zokupholisa eziwuketshezi, namakhebuli okusebenza kodwa okusafanele amelane nokudonswa noma ukushayelwa phezulu. Okunye okucatshangelwayo kuhlanganisa amaleshi akhiyekayo, avumela umshayeli ukuthi ahambe (I-Modularity yobuso bokukhwelana kanye nomfanekiso wokugeleza kokupholisa) imoto yakhe eshaja esiteshini somphakathi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi othile angase anqamule ikhebula.