Umkhuba wokuthuthukisa umkhakha wokushaja imoto yamandla amasha

1. Uhlolojikelele lokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamamojula wokushaja

Amamojula wokushaja awumongo wenqwaba yokushaja kwe-DC yezimoto zamandla amasha. Njengoba izinga lokungena kanye nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla e-China ziqhubeka nokwanda, isidingo sokushaja izinqwaba siyakhula. Ukushaja imoto yamandla amasha ihlukaniswe ngokushaja okunensa kwe-AC kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kunezici zamandla kagesi aphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokushaja okusheshayo. Njengoba imakethe iphishekela ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, isikali semakethe sezinqwaba zokushaja okusheshayo ze-DC namamojula wokushaja siyaqhubeka nokukhula. .

2. Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zemboni yemojula yokushaja

Imboni entsha yamamojula eshaja yezimoto zamandla ev njengamanje inezici zobuchwepheshe ezifana namandla aphezulu emojula eyodwa, imvamisa ephezulu, i-miniaturization, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu, kanye nobubanzi bamandla kagesi abanzi.

Mayelana namandla emojula eyodwa, imboni yemojula entsha yokushaja inqwaba yamandla ihlangabezane nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ojwayelekile okungu-7.5kW ngo-2014, okungaguquki ku-20A no-15kW ngo-2015, namandla angashintshi angu-25A no-15kW ngo-2016. amandla angu-20kW kanye nama-30kW. Izixazululo zemojula eyodwa nokuguqulwa zibe ngu-40kW ezintsha zokushaja amandla okuyinqwaba yezixazululo zemojula eyodwa. Amamojula wokushaja amandla aphezulu asephenduke inkambiso yokuthuthukisa imakethe esikhathini esizayo.

Mayelana nogesi ophumayo, iGridi Yesifunda ikhiphe inguqulo yango-2017 “Yamazinga Okuqinisekisa Ukufaneleka Nekhono Labahlinzeki Bezisetshenziswa Zokushaja Izimoto zikagesi” ithi ububanzi bamandla kagesi okukhiphayo wamashaja e-DC ngu-200-750V, futhi amandla kagesi angashintshi ahlanganisa okungenani. ububanzi be-400-500V kanye ne-600-750V. Ngakho-ke, bonke abakhiqizi bamamojula ngokuvamile baklama amamojula angu-200-750V futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla njalo. Ngokukhula kwebanga lokuhamba kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nesidingo sabasebenzisi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja, imboni ihlongoze isakhiwo sokushaja esisheshayo esingu-800V, futhi ezinye izinkampani ziye zaqaphela ukuhlinzekwa kwamamojula wokushaja inqwaba ye-DC enobubanzi. uhla lwe-voltage okukhiphayo lwe-200-1000V. .

Ngokuphathelene ne-high-frequency kanye ne-miniaturization yamamojula wokushaja, amandla amamojula omshini owodwa wenqwaba yamandla enqwaba yokushaja amandla akhulile, kodwa umthamo wawo awukwazi ukunwetshwa ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa imvamisa yokushintsha nokuhlanganisa izingxenye kazibuthe sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla.

Mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwamamojula wokushaja, izinkampani ezinkulu embonini yemojula yokushaja inqwaba yokushaja amandla ngokuvamile zinesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenza kahle esingu-95% -96%. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifana namadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane sesithathu kanye nokuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezine-800V noma ngaphezulu Ngesiteji samandla kagesi aphezulu, imboni kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu engaphezu kuka-98% .

Njengoba ukuminyana kwamandla amamojula wokushaja kwanda, kuletha nezinkinga ezinkulu zokukhipha ukushisa. Ngokuphathelene nokuchithwa kokushisa kwamamojula wokushaja, indlela yamanje yokushisa ukushisa okujwayelekile embonini iphoqelelwe ukupholisa umoya, futhi kunezindlela ezifana nemigudu yomoya ebandayo evaliwe kanye nokupholisa amanzi. Ukupholisa umoya kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi kanye nesakhiwo esilula. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ingcindezi yokukhipha ukushisa iqhubeka ikhula, ububi bomthamo wokukhipha ukushisa olinganiselwe wokupholisa nomsindo omkhulu kuzobonakala nakakhulu. Ukuhlomisa imojula yokushaja kanye nomugqa wesibhamu ngokupholisa uketshezi sekube yisixazululo esikhulu. isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe.

3. Inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe isheshisa amathuba okuthuthukiswa okungena embonini yamandla amasha

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ubuchwepheshe obusha bemboni yamandla buye saqhubeka nokwenza inqubekelaphambili kanye nempumelelo, futhi ukwanda kwezinga lokungena kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yemojula yokushaja phezulu. Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuqina kwamandla ebhethri kuxazulule inkinga yohlu olunganele lokuhamba ngezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula wokushaja amandla aphezulu kusifinyeze kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshisa ukungena kwezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja ezisekelayo. . Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa nokujula kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nokugcinwa kwe-optical kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokushaja kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi yemoto ye-V2G kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukusheshisa ukungena kwezimboni zamandla amasha kanye nokuthandwa kokusetshenziswa.

4. Isimo sokuncintisana kwemboni: Imboni yemojula yokushaja inokuncintisana ngokugcwele futhi indawo yemakethe yomkhiqizo inkulu.

Imojula yokushaja iyingxenye eyinhloko yezinqwaba zokushaja ze-DC. Ngokukhula kwezinga lokungena kwezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele, abathengi baya ngokuya bekhathazeka mayelana nebanga lokushaja kanye nokushaja kalula. Isidingo semakethe sezinqwaba zokushaja ezishaja ngokushesha ze-DC sesiqhumile, futhi imakethe yokusebenza kwenqwaba yokushaja yasekhaya ikhulile kusukela Ezinsukwini zakuqala, iGridi Yombuso yayiyiyona nto ehamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni okuhlukahlukene. Inqwaba yabasebenzi bezimali zomphakathi abanamakhono okukhiqiza inqwaba kanye namakhono okusebenza avela ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi bamamojula wokushaja basekhaya baqhubekile nokwandisa isikali sabo sokukhiqiza nokuthengisa ukuze kwakhiwe izinqwaba zokushaja ezisekelayo, futhi ukuncintisana kwabo okuphelele kwaqhubeka nokuqina. .

Njengamanje, ngemva kweminyaka yokuphindwaphindwa komkhiqizo nokuthuthukiswa kwamamojula wokushaja, ukuncintisana kwezimboni kwanele. Imikhiqizo evamile iyathuthuka ibheke ku-voltage ephezulu namandla amakhulu, futhi indawo yemakethe yomkhiqizo inkulu. Amabhizinisi embonini ikakhulukazi athola isabelo semakethe esiphezulu namazinga enzuzo ngokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono i-topology yomkhiqizo, ukulawula ama-algorithms, ukwenza kahle ihadiwe nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza, njll.

5. Izitayela zokuthuthuka zamamojula wokushaja ev

Njengoba amamojula wokushaja angenisa isidingo esikhulu semakethe, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka buthuthukela ekumineni kwamandla aphezulu, ububanzi bamandla kagesi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu.

1) Ukugudluka okuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo kuya kokufunwayo

Ukuze kusekelwe futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi, ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja kwakuholwa kakhulu uhulumeni ekuqaleni, futhi kancane kancane kwaqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni maqondana nemodeli yokushayela engapheli ngokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo. Kusukela ngo-2021, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kubeke izidingo ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezisekelayo kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja. Imboni yenqwaba eshajayo iphothula uguquko lusuka ekubeni oluqhutshwa yinqubomgomo luye oluqhutshwa isidingo.

Njengoba sibhekene nokwanda kwenani lezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, ngaphezu kokwandisa ukuminyana kwesakhiwo senqwaba eshajayo, isikhathi sokushaja kufanele sincishiswe futhi. Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DC zinesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ezimfushane, ezifaneleke kakhulu izidingo zesikhashana nezimo eziphuthumayo zabasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi, futhi zingaxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokukhathazeka kohla lwezimoto zikagesi nokukhathazeka kokushaja. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isikali semakethe sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ezinqwaba zokushaja ezisanda kwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi izinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi, sikhule ngokushesha futhi sesiphenduke inkambo evamile emadolobheni amaningi ayinhloko e-China.

Ukufingqa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba isibalo sezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla siqhubeka sikhula, ukwakhiwa okusekelayo kwezinqwaba zokushaja kudinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi ngokuvamile baphishekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DC seziphenduke umkhuba ojwayelekile, futhi amamojula wokushaja nawo angenile isidingo. Isigaba sokuthuthuka lapho ukudonsa kungamandla okushayela.

(2) Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ububanzi be-voltage ebanzi, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu

Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kusho amandla aphezulu okushaja. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesidingo esikhulayo sokushaja okusheshayo, amamojula wokushaja ayaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ekuqondeni kwamandla aphezulu. Amandla aphezulu wenqwaba yokushaja atholakala ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye iwukuxhuma amamojula amaningi wokushaja ngokuhambisana ukuze kuzuzwe amandla aphezulu; enye iwukukhulisa amandla owodwa wemojula yokushaja. Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe zokwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukunciphisa indawo, nokunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo zikagesi, ukwandisa amandla emojula yokushaja eyodwa kuwumkhuba wesikhathi eside wokuthuthukiswa. amamojula ezwe akithi okushaja asedlule ezizukulwaneni ezintathu zentuthuko, kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala esingu-7.5kW kuya kwesesibili esingu-15/20kW, futhi manje asesikhathini sokuguqulwa kusukela esizukulwaneni sesibili kuya kwesesithathu 30/40kW. Amamojula wokushaja amandla aphezulu asephenduke inkambiso emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokuklama we-miniaturization, ukuminyana kwamandla amamojula wokushaja nakho kuye kwanda ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwanda kwezinga lamandla.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufinyelela izinga eliphezulu lamandla e-DC ukushaja ngokushesha: ukukhulisa i-voltage nokwandisa yamanje. Isixazululo sokushaja okuphezulu kwamanje samukelwa okokuqala nguTesla. Inzuzo ukuthi izindleko zokuthuthukisa ingxenye ziphansi, kodwa zamanje eziphezulu zizoletha ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokuqeda ukushisa, futhi izintambo eziqinile zinciphisa ukukhululeka futhi zikhuthaze Ngokwezinga elincane. Isixazululo se-high-voltage ukukhulisa umthamo omkhulu we-voltage wokusebenza wemojula yokushaja. Njengamanje iyimodeli esetshenziswa kakhulu abakhiqizi bezimoto. Ingacabangela izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri, ukunciphisa isisindo, nokonga isikhala. Isixazululo se-high-voltage sidinga izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zifakwe isiteji samandla aphezulu ukuze zisekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ngokushesha. Njengamanje, isixazululo sokushaja okusheshayo esivame ukusetshenziswa izinkampani zezimoto isiteji se-400V high-voltage. Ngocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kweplathifomu yamandla kagesi angu-800V, izinga likagesi lemojula yokushaja lizothuthukiswa nakakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuyinkomba yezobuchwepheshe amamojula wokushaja ahlala eyilandela. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kusho ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi. Njengamanje, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu okuphezulu kwamamojula wokushaja ngokuvamile kungu-95% ~ 96%. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifana namadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane sesithathu kanye ne-voltage ephumayo yamamojula wokushaja eya ku-800V noma ku-1000V, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuzothuthukiswa nakakhulu.

(3) Inani lamamojula wokushaja liyakhuphuka

Imojula yokushaja iyingxenye eyinhloko yenqwaba yokushaja ye-DC, ebala cishe u-50% wezindleko zehadiwe yenqwaba yokushaja. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokushaja esikhathini esizayo kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwamamojula wokushaja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamojula amaningi wokushaja axhunywe ngokuhambisana azokhuphula ngokuqondile inani lemojula yokushaja; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lamandla kanye nokuminyana kwamandla kwemojuli yokushaja eyodwa kuncike ekwakhiweni okulungiselelwe kwamasekhethi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nesofthiwe yokulawula kanye nobuchwepheshe bezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuphumelela, lobu buchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuthuthukisa amandla enqwaba yokushaja, okuzokwandisa inani lemojula yokushaja.

6. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe embonini yemojula yokushaja amandla ev

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlinzeka ngogesi buyisihloko semikhakha ehlukene ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besifunda se-topology, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ubuchwepheshe obuzibuthe, ubuchwepheshe bezingxenye, ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuklama okushisayo. Kuyimboni edinga ubuchwepheshe. Njengenhliziyo yenqwaba yokushaja ye-DC, imojula yokushaja inquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, ukuzinza kokusebenza, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwenqwaba yokushaja, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo nenani kuvelele. Umkhiqizo udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezinsiza nezingcweti kusukela ocwaningweni nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ukuya ekusetshenzisweni kwetheminali. Ungazikhetha kanjani izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nesakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm yesofthiwe nokuphindaphinda, ukubamba okunembile kwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, nokulawula ikhwalithi ekhulile namandla enkundla yokuhlola konke kuzothinta ikhwalithi yoMkhiqizo nokuzinza kube nomthelela oqondile. Kunzima kwabasanda kungena embonini ukuthi baqongelele ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, abasebenzi, kanye nedatha yesimo sohlelo lokusebenza ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi banemigoqo ephezulu yobuchwepheshe.