Ungayithola Kanjani Ikhebuli yokushaja ye-EV Efanelekile?

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ziya ngokuya ziduma, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV. Kusukela kumashaja eLeveli 1 asebenzisa indawo yokuphuma ejwayelekile engu-120-volt kuya kumashaja e-DC Fast angahlinzeka ngokushaja okugcwele ngaphansi kwehora, kunezinketho zokushaja ezihlukahlukene ukuze zilingane nezidingo zakho. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV kanye nobuhle nobubi bawo.

Amashaja Ezinga 1

Amashaja eleveli 1 awuhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu lweshaja yemoto kagesi etholakalayo. Basebenzisa i-outlet evamile engu-120-volt, efanayo naleyo ongayithola kunoma yiliphi ikhaya, ukushaja ibhethri lemoto yakho kagesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi abantu bawabiza ngokuthi "amashaja akhohlisayo" ngoba ahlinzeka ngokushaja okunensa futhi okuqinile.

Amashaja eleveli 1 ngokuvamile ashaja ibhethri lemoto isikhathi eside kunamashaja asezingeni eliphezulu. Ishaja yeleveli 1, njengeNissan Leaf, ingathatha cishe amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ukushaja imoto kagesi evamile ngokugcwele. Nokho, isikhathi sokushaja siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ibhethri ingakanani kanye nezinga layo elisele lokushaja. Amashaja akuleveli 1 afanelana nezimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri amancane noma ibanga lokushayela elihamba kancane nsuku zonke.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamashaja eLeveli 1 ukuba lula kwawo. Kulula ukuzisebenzisa futhi azidingi ukufakwa okukhethekile. Uvele uwaxhume endaweni evamile bese uxhuma ikhebula lokushaja emotweni yakho. Abuye angabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokushaja.

Ubuhle nobubi bamashaja eLeveli 1

Njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe, amashaja eLeveli 1 anezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo nobubi bokusebenzisa ishaja Yezinga 1:

Okuhle:

Simple futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Kungabizi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokushaja.

Akukho ukufakwa okukhethekile okudingekayo.

Ingasetshenziswa nanoma iyiphi i-outlet ejwayelekile.

Ububi:

Isikhathi sokushaja esihamba kancane.

Umthamo webhethri olinganiselwe.

Ingase ingazifaneli izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri amakhulu noma amabanga amade okushayela.

Ingase ingahambisani nazo zonke izimoto zikagesi.

Izibonelo zamashaja eLeveli 1

Kunamashaja amaningi eLeveli 1 ahlukene atholakala emakethe. Nawa amamodeli adumile:

1. Ishaja yeLectron Level 1 EV:

Ishaja yeLectron's Level 1 EV inamandla okushaja angu-12-amp. Le shaja ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya noma usohambeni. Ungaze uyigcine esiqwini sakho futhi uyixhume noma nini lapho uthola indawo yokuphuma, okuyenza ibe yinketho eguquguqukayo nephathekayo.

2. Ishaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord 1 EV:

Ishaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV ingenye ipulagi yeshaja ephathekayo endaweni yokuphuma ejwayelekile engu-120-volt. Iletha amandla okushaja afinyelela kwangu-12 futhi ingashaja imoto kagesi ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kuneshaja evamile Yezinga 1.

3. Ishaja ye-EV yezinga 1 le-Bosch: 

Ishaja ye-Bosch Level 1 EV iyishaja ehlangene, engasindi exhunywa ku-outlet evamile engu-120-volt. Iletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-12 amps futhi ingashaja ngokugcwele izimoto eziningi zikagesi ngobusuku obubodwa.

Amashaja eLeveli 2

Amashaja eLeveli 2 angahlinzeka ngokushaja okusheshayo kunamashaja eLeveli 1. Ngokuvamile zifakwa ezindaweni zokuhlala noma zezohwebo futhi ziyakwazi ukuletha isivinini sokushaja esingafika kumamayela angu-25 webanga ngehora. Lawa mashaja adinga i-outlet engu-240-volt, efana nohlobo lwe-outlet esetshenziselwa izinto ezinkulu ezifana nezomisi zikagesi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamashaja eLeveli 2 yikhono lawo lokushaja i-EV ngokushesha okukhulu kunamashaja eLeveli 1. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho engcono kubashayeli be-EV abadinga ukushaja kabusha izimoto zabo kaningi noma babe nohambo olude lwansuku zonke. Ukwengeza, amashaja eLeveli 2 avame ukuba nezici ezengeziwe, ezifana nokuxhuma i-WiFi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone, ezinganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nenqubo yokushaja.

Ubuhle nobubi bamashaja eLeveli 2

Nazi ezinye izinto ezinhle nezimbi zamashaja eLeveli 2:

Okuhle:

Izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo: Amashaja eleveli 2 angashaja i-EV ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunamashaja eLeveli 1.

Asebenza kahle kakhulu: Amashaja eLeveli 2 asebenza kahle kakhulu kunamashaja eLeveli 1, okusho ukuthi inqubo yokushaja ingamosha amandla amancane.

Kungcono ekuhambeni amabanga amade: Amashaja akuleveli 2 afaneleka kakhulu ekuhambeni amabanga amade ngoba ashaja ngokushesha.

Atholakala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yamandla: Amashaja ezinga 2 atholakala ngokuphuma kwamandla ahlukene, asukela ku-16 amps kuya ku-80 amps, okuwenza afanelekele izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zikagesi.

Ububi:

Izindleko zokufaka: Amashaja eLeveli 2 adinga umthombo wamandla angu-240-volt, okungase kudinge umsebenzi kagesi owengeziwe futhi kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokuwufaka.

Azizifanele zonke izimoto zikagesi: Ezinye izimoto zikagesi zingase zingasebenzisani namashaja eLeveli 2 ngenxa yamandla azo wokushaja.

Ukutholakala: Amashaja eLeveli 2 angeke aphelele njengamashaja eLeveli 1, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Izibonelo zamashaja eLeveli 2

1. Iqembu lekhebula le-MIDA:

Ngochungechunge lwayo lweshaja ye-EV ehamba phambili, iMida yenze intuthuko ebalulekile emakethe yomhlaba. Lolu chungechunge luhlanganisa amamodeli amaningi enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokushaja zabanikazi be-EV. Isibonelo, amamodeli we-BASIC kanye ne-APP alungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Amamodeli e-RFID (inkokhelo) kanye ne-OCPP atholakalela izinjongo zokuthengisa ezifana nokukhokhelwa ukuya epaki.

2.ChargePoint Home Flex:

Le shaja yeLeveli 2 ehlakaniphile, enikwe amandla i-WiFi ingaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-50 futhi ishaje i-EV ngokushesha okuphindwe kasithupha kuneshaja evamile Yeleveli 1. Inomklamo ocacile, ohlangene futhi ingafakwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

3.JuiceBox Pro 40:

Le shaja yeLeveli 2 enamandla amakhulu ingaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-40 futhi ishaje i-EV ngamahora angu-2-3. Isebenza nge-WiFi futhi ingalawulwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela ukuqhubeka kokushaja nokulungisa izilungiselelo ukude.

I-DC Fast Charger

Amashaja e-Dc Fast, noma amashaja eLeveli 3, ayinketho yokushaja eshesha kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi. Lawa mashaja anikeza amazinga aphezulu amandla okushaja ibhethri le-EV ngokushesha. Amashaja e-DC Fast ngokuvamile atholakala emigwaqweni emikhulu noma ezindaweni zomphakathi futhi angashaja ngokushesha i-EV. Ngokungafani namashaja eLeveli 1 naweLeveli 2, asebenzisa amandla e-AC, amashaja e-DC Fast asebenzisa amandla e-DC ukushaja ibhethri ngokuqondile.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokushaja esheshayo ye-DC isebenza kahle futhi ishesha kakhulu kunamashaja eLeveli 1 naweLeveli 2. Amandla aphumayo amashaja e-DC Fast ayahluka, kodwa anganikeza inkokhiso yamamayela angu-60-80 ububanzi ngemizuzu engu-20-30 nje. Amanye amashaja amasha e-DC Fast anganikeza amandla afinyelela kwangu-350kW, ashaje i-EV ukuya ku-80% ngemizuzu eyi-15-20.

Ubuhle nobubi bamashaja e-DC Fast

Yize kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa amashaja e-DC, kukhona nezithiyo okufanele uzicabangele:

Okuhle:

Inketho yokushaja eshesha kakhulu yama-EV.

Ilungele ukuhamba amabanga amade.

Amanye amashaja amasha e-DC Fast anikeza amandla aphezulu, ehlisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja.

Ububi:

Kuyabiza ukufaka nokunakekela.

Ayitholakali kabanzi njengamashaja eLeveli 1 kanye naweLeveli 2.

Amanye ama-EV amadala angase angahambisani namashaja e-DC Fast.

Ukushaja kumazinga aphezulu amandla kungabangela ukonakala kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izibonelo zamashaja e-DC Fast

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zamashaja e-DC Fast atholakalayo emakethe. Nazi izibonelo:

1. I-Tesla Supercharger:

Le ishaja esheshayo ye-DC eklanyelwe ngqo izimoto zikagesi zakwaTesla. Ingashaja i-Model S, i-Model X, noma i-Model 3 ukuya ku-80% cishe emaminithini angu-30, inikeze ibanga elingafika kumamayela angu-170. Inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger iyatholakala emhlabeni jikelele.

2. Ishaja esheshayo ye-EVgo :

Le shaja esheshayo ye-DC yakhelwe izindawo zentengiso nezomphakathi futhi ingashaja izimoto eziningi ezisebenza ngogesi ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30. Isekela izindinganiso zokushaja ze-CHAdeMO ne-CCS futhi inikeza amandla afinyelela ku-100 kW.

3. Ishaja esheshayo ye-ABB Terra DC:

Le shaja yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa emphakathini nangasese futhi isekela izindinganiso zokushaja ze-CHAdeMO ne-CCS. Inikeza amandla afinyelela kwangu-50 kW futhi ingashaja izimoto eziningi zikagesi ngaphansi kwehora.

Amashaja Angenantambo

Amashaja angenantambo, noma amashaja e-inductive, ayindlela elula yokushaja imoto yakho kagesi ngaphandle kobunzima bezintambo. Amashaja angenantambo asebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwephedi yokushaja nebhethri le-EV. Iphedi yokushaja ivamise ukufakwa egalaji noma endaweni yokupaka, kuyilapho i-EV inekhoyili eyamukelayo egxunyekwe ngaphansi. Uma okubili kuseduze, indawo kazibuthe ingenisa amandla kagesi kukhoyili yomamukeli, eshaja ibhethri.

Ubuhle Nebubi Bamashaja Angenantambo

Njenganoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe, amashaja angenantambo anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa ishaja engenantambo ku-EV yakho:

Okuhle:

Azikho izintambo ezidingekayo, ezingaba lula futhi zijabulise ngobuhle.

Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, asikho isidingo sokuxhuma ngokoqobo emotweni.

Ilungele iziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya, lapho imoto ipakwe endaweni efanayo ubusuku ngabunye.

Ububi:

Isebenza kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zamashaja, okungaholela ezikhathini zokushaja ezinde.

Ayitholakali kabanzi njengezinye izinhlobo zamashaja, ngakho ukuthola ishaja engenantambo kungase kube nzima kakhulu.

Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamashaja ngenxa yezindleko ezengeziwe zephedi yokushaja kanye nekhoyili yokwamukela.

Izibonelo Zamashaja Angenantambo

Uma ungathanda ukusebenzisa ishaja engenantambo ku-EV yakho, nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele:

1. Ishaja engenantambo ye-Evatran Plugless L2:

Le shaja engenantambo ihambisana nezinhlobo eziningi ze-EV futhi inezinga lokushaja elingu-7.2 kW.

2. Uhlelo lokushaja okungenantambo lwe-HEVO: 

Le shaja engenantambo yakhelwe izimoto zezentengiselwano futhi inganikeza amandla afinyelela kwangu-90 kW ukushaja izimoto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

3. Uhlelo lokushaja okungenantambo lwe-WiTricity:

Le shaja engenantambo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa kazibuthe obuhlabayo futhi inganikeza amandla afinyelela ku-11 kW. Ihambisana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-EV, okuhlanganisa i-Tesla, i-Audi, ne-BMW.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV ayatholakala emakethe. Amashaja eLeveli 1 ayisisekelo kakhulu futhi ahamba kancane, kuyilapho amashaja eLeveli 2 avame kakhulu futhi anikeza izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha. Amashaja e-DC Fast ashesha kakhulu kodwa futhi abiza kakhulu. Amashaja angenantambo nawo ayatholakala kodwa awasebenzi kahle futhi athatha isikhathi eside ukushaja i-EV.

Ikusasa lokushajwa kwe-EV liyathembisa, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe okuholela ezinkethweni zokushaja ezisheshayo nezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele nabo batshala imali eningi ekwakheni iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ukuze benze ama-EV afinyeleleke kalula.

Njengoba abantu abaningi beshintshela ezimotweni zikagesi, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lweshaja olufanelana nezidingo zakho kubalulekile. Ishaja Yeleveli 1 noma Yeleveli 2 ingase yanele uma unohambo lokuya emsebenzini olufushane lwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, amashaja e-DC Fast angadingeka uma uvamise ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ukutshala imali esiteshini sokushaja sasekhaya nakho kungaba yindlela eyongayo. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuqhathanisa amashaja ahlukene nezindleko zokuwafaka ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Sekukonke, ngengqalasizinda yokushaja esungulwe kahle, izimoto zikagesi zinamandla okuba inketho yokuthutha esimeme futhi elula yesikhathi esizayo.