Ngaba iTesla NACS iya kumanyanisa iindawo zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Ngaba uTesla uza kumanyanisa iindawo zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, imigangatho yokutshaja yaseMntla Melika iphantse yatshintsha.
Nge-23 kaMeyi, 2023, iFord ngequbuliso yabhengeza ukuba iza kufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikaTesla kwaye iza kuqala ithumele iiadaptha zokuqhagamshelana neziqhagamshelo zokutshaja zikaTesla kubanini abakhoyo beFord ukuqala kunyaka olandelayo, emva koko kwixa elizayo. Izithuthi zombane ze-Ford ziya kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-interface ye-Tesla yokutshaja, ephelisa imfuno yee-adapters kwaye inokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo zonke iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla kulo lonke elase-United States.

Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, nge-8 kaJuni, ngo-2023, i-CEO yeGeneral Motors uBarra kunye noMusk babhengeza kwinkomfa ye-Twitter Spaces ukuba uGeneral Motors uza kwamkela umgangatho kaTesla, umgangatho weNACS (uTesla ubiza ujongano lokutshaja kuMgangatho wokuTshaja waseMntla waseMelika (NACS ngokufutshane), ngokufanayo. ukuya kwi-Ford, i-GM iphinde iphunyezwe ukuguqulwa kwesi sikhombisi sokutshaja kumanyathelo amabini Ukuqala ekuqaleni kwe-2024, i-adapters iya kunikwa kwisithuthi sombane se-GM abanini, kwaye ke ukuqala kwi-2025, izithuthi zombane zeGM ezintsha ziya kuxhotyiswa nge-NACS yokutshaja i-interfaces ngqo kwisithuthi.

Oku kunokuthiwa kukubethelwa okukhulu kweminye imigangatho yojongano lokutshaja (ikakhulu iCCS) ebikwimarike yaseMntla Melika. Nangona zintathu kuphela iinkampani zezithuthi, iTesla, Ford kunye neGeneral Motors, eziye zajoyina i-NACS interface standard, ngokujonga umthamo wentengiso yezithuthi zombane kunye nemarike yojongano lokutshaja eUnited States ngo-2022, linani elincinci labantu abahlala e-United States. Uninzi lwemarike: ezi 3 Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwezi nkampani zenza ngaphezulu kwe-60% yentengiso yemoto yombane yase-US, kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-NACS kaTesla. akhawunti phantse 60% kwimarike US.

2. Umlo wehlabathi malunga nokutshaja ujongano
Ukongeza kumda woluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukulungeleka kunye nesantya sokutshaja kukwangumqobo omkhulu ekusasazweni kwezithuthi zombane. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza kwitekhnoloji ngokwayo, ukungahambelani kwemigangatho yokutshaja phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla kwakhona kwenza uphuhliso lweshishini lokutshaja lucothe kwaye lubize.
Okwangoku kukho imigangatho emihlanu ephambili yokutshaja emhlabeni: CCS1 (CCS=INkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo) eMntla Melika, iCCS2 eYurophu, i-GB/T e-China, i-CHAdeMO eJapan, kunye ne-NACS ezinikele kuTesla.

Phakathi kwabo, i-Tesla kuphela ehlala idibanisa i-AC kunye ne-DC, ngelixa ezinye zineendlela zokutshaja ezihlukeneyo ze-AC (AC) kunye ne-DC (DC) yokutshaja.
Emantla eMelika, imigangatho yokutshaja yeCCS1 kunye neTesla yeNACS yeyona iphambili okwangoku. Ngaphambi koku, bekukho olona khuphiswano lubi phakathi kweCCS1 kunye nomgangatho weCHAdeMO yaseJapan. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuwa kweenkampani zaseJapan kwindlela yombane ecocekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi ukuhla kweNissan Leaf, intshatsheli yokuthengisa yombane yangaphambili esulungekileyo eMntla Melika, iimodeli ezalandelayo ziye zatshintshela kwi-CCS1, kwaye i-CHAdeMO yoyiswa kuMntla Melika. .
Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zaseYurophu zikhethe umgangatho weCCS2. I-China inomgangatho wayo wokutshaja we-GB / T (okwangoku ukukhuthaza isizukulwana esilandelayo sokutshaja okuphezulu kweChaoJi), ngelixa iJapan isasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO.
Umgangatho we-CCS uthatyathwe kumgangatho we-DC okhawulezayo wokutshaja odityanisiweyo we-combo esekwe kumgangatho we-SAE woMbutho weeNjineli zeZimoto kunye nomgangatho we-ACEA we-European Automotive Industry Association. I-"Fast Chaging Association" yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni kwiNgqungquthela ye-26th ye-World Electric Vehicle e-Los Angeles, eU.SA kwi-2012. Ngaloo nyaka, iinkampani ezisibhozo ezinkulu zaseMelika kunye neJamani zemoto ezibandakanya i-Ford, i-General Motors, i-Volkswagen, i-Audi, i-BMW, ​​i-Daimler, IPorsche kunye neChrysler ziseke ubunye Umgangatho wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi sombane ukhuphe ingxelo kwaye kamva wabhengeza ukunyuswa ngokubambisana komgangatho weCCS. Yaqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza yimibutho yaseMelika kunye neJamani.
Xa kuthelekiswa neCCS1, iingenelo ze-NACS zeTesla zezi: (1) ukukhanya kakhulu, iplagi encinci inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja okucothayo kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-CCS1 kunye ne-CHAdeMO zininzi kakhulu; (2) zonke iimoto ze-NACS zonke zixhasa iprotocol yedatha yokusingatha i-plug-and-play billing. Nabani na oqhuba imoto yombane kuhola wendlela kufuneka akwazi oku. Ukuze uhlawule, kusenokufuneka ukhuphele ii-apps ezininzi emva koko uskene ikhowudi ye-QR ukuze uhlawule. Kunzima kakhulu. engalunganga. Ukuba unokuplaga kwaye udlale kunye ne-bill, amava aya kuba ngcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi okwangoku uxhaswa ziimodeli ezimbalwa zeCCS. (3) Uyilo olukhulu lwenethiwekhi yokutshaja kaTesla ibonelela abanini beemoto ngokulula kakhulu ekusebenziseni iimoto zabo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimfumba zokutshaja ze-CCS1, ukuthembeka kweemfumba zokutshaja zeTesla kuphezulu kwaye amava angcono. kulungile.

Ukuthelekiswa komgangatho wokutshaja weTesla NACS kunye nomgangatho wokutshaja weCCS1
Lo ngumahluko wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Kubasebenzisi baseMntla Melika abafuna kuphela ukutshaja okucothayo, umgangatho wokutshaja weJ1772 uyasetyenziswa. Zonke i-Teslas ziza kunye ne-adapter elula evumela ukuba basebenzise i-J1772. Abanini beTesla badla ngokufaka iitshaja zeNACS ekhaya, ezinexabiso eliphantsi.
Kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana neehotele, iTesla iya kusasaza iitshaja ezicothayo ze-NACS kwiihotele; ukuba i-Tesla NACS iba ngumgangatho, ngoko i-J1772 ekhoyo iya kuxhotyiswa nge-adapter yokuguqula kwi-NACS.
3. Umgangatho VS uninzi lwabasebenzisi
Ngokungafaniyo neTshayina, enemigangatho edibeneyo yesizwe, nangona i-CCS1 ingumgangatho wokutshaja eMntla Melika, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kunye nenani elikhulu leenethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla, oku kudale imeko enomdla kakhulu eMntla Melika, oko kukuthi: uninzi lweCCS1 umgangatho oxhaswa ngamashishini (phantse zonke iinkampani ngaphandle kweTesla) ngokwenene lincinci; endaweni ye-Tesla yokutshaja ujongano oluqhelekileyo, isetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi.
Ingxaki ngokukhuthazwa kwe-interface ye-Tesla yokutshaja kukuba akusiyo umgangatho okhutshwe okanye owaziwayo ngumbutho wemigangatho, kuba ukuze ube ngumgangatho, kufuneka uhambe ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zombutho wophuhliso lwemigangatho. Sisisombululo nje seTesla ngokwayo, kwaye ikakhulu IseMntla Melika (kunye nezinye iimarike ezifana neJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea).
Kwangoko, uTesla ubhengeze ukuba iyakukhupha ilayisensi yayo yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza “simahla” kodwa ngeemeko ezithile ezincanyathiselweyo, isinikezelo abathi bambalwa basithathile. Ngoku ukuba iTesla ivule ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji yokutshaja kunye neemveliso, abantu banokuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwezibalo zemarike yaseMntla Melika, i-Tesla yokutshaja imfumba / indleko yokwakha isikhululo kuphela malunga ne-1/5 yomgangatho, onika inzuzo enkulu yeendleko xa ukhuthazwa. Kwangelo xesha, nge-9 kaJuni ngo-2023, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba iFord kunye noGeneral Motors bajoyine iTesla NACS, iWhite House yakhupha iindaba zokuba i-NACS kaTesla inokufumana intlawulo yenkxaso-mali evela kulawulo lweBiden. Ngaphambi koko, uTesla wayengafanelekanga.
Le ntshukumo yeenkampani zaseMelika kunye norhulumente uziva ngathi ubeka iinkampani zaseYurophu kwiphepha elifanayo. Ukuba umgangatho we-NACS kaTesla unokugqiba ukudibanisa imarike yaseNyakatho Melika, imigangatho yokutshaja yehlabathi iya kwenza imeko entsha ye-tripartite: I-GB / T yaseTshayina, i-CCS2 yaseYurophu, kunye neTesla NACS.

Kutshanje, uNissan ubhengeze isivumelwano kunye noTesla ukuba amkele uMgangatho wokuTshaja waseNyakatho Melika (NACS) oqala ngo-2025, ejolise ekuboneleleni abanini beNissan ngeendlela ezingakumbi zokuhlawula iimoto zabo zombane. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbini, ii-automakers ezisixhenxe, kuquka iVolkswagen, iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iVolvo, iPolestar, kunye neMercedes-Benz, babhengeze izivumelwano zokuhlawulisa kunye noTesla. Ukongeza, ngosuku olunye, iintloko ezine zabaqhubi benethiwekhi phesheya kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo ngaxeshanye babhengeza ukwamkelwa komgangatho weTesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

I-Tesla inamandla okudibanisa imigangatho yokutshaja kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika.

Kukho ngoku iiseti ezi-4 zemigangatho yokutshaja eqhelekileyo kwimarike, ezizezi: umgangatho waseJapan CHAdeMo, umgangatho waseTshayina we-GB/T, umgangatho waseYurophu kunye nowaseMelika weCCS1/2, kunye nomgangatho weTesla weNACS. Kanye njengoko imimoya ihluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile kwaye amasiko ahluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile, imigangatho yeprotocol yokutshaja eyahlukileyo yenye "yezikhubekiso" kukwandiswa kwehlabathi kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.

Njengoko sisazi sonke, idola yaseMelika yeyona mali yelizwe jikelele, ngoko ke “inzima”. Ukujonga oku, uMusk ukwaqokelele umdlalo omkhulu kumzamo wokulawula umgangatho wokutshaja wehlabathi. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, uTesla wabhengeza ukuba uza kuvula umgangatho we-NACS, aveze ipatent yakhe yokutshaja yoyilo lokudibanisa, kwaye ameme ezinye iinkampani zeemoto ukuba zamkele ujongano lokutshaja lwe-NACS kwiimoto eziveliswe ngobuninzi. Emva koko, uTesla wabhengeza ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi ephezulu. I-Tesla inenethiwekhi ehamba phambili yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza e-United States, kubandakanya malunga ne-1,600 yezikhululo zokutshaja kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-17,000 yeepiles zokutshaja. Ukufikelela kumnatha we-Tesla we-supercharging network kunokonga imali eninzi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja eyakhiwe ngokwakho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uTesla uvule inethiwekhi yakhe yokutshaja kwezinye iintlobo zeemoto kumazwe angama-18 nakwimimandla.

Ewe kunjalo, uMusk akazukuyiyeka iTshayina, eyona ntengiso inkulu yehlabathi yezithuthi zamandla. Ngo-Epreli kulo nyaka, uTesla ubhengeze ukuvulwa komqhubi wenethiwekhi yokutshaja eTshayina. Ibhetshi yokuqala yokuvula i-pilot ye-10 izikhululo zokutshaja eziphezulu ze-37 imodeli engeyiyo ye-Tesla, egubungela iimodeli ezininzi ezidumileyo phantsi kweempawu ezifana ne-BYD kunye ne "Wei Xiaoli". Kwixesha elizayo, inethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTesla iya kubekwa kwindawo enkulu kwaye ububanzi beenkonzo zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ziya kwandiswa ngokuqhubekayo.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ilizwe lam lathumela ngaphandle i-534,000 yeemoto zamandla amatsha, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-1.6, okwenza kube lilizwe elihamba phambili kwihlabathi malunga nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Kwimarike yaseTshayina, imigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya enxulumene namandla yaqulunqwa ngaphambili kwaye ishishini laphuhliswa ngaphambili. I-GB/T 2015 ebiza umgangatho wesizwe iye yadityaniswa njengomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ukungahambelani kwe-interface yokutshaja kusabonakala kwinani elikhulu lezithuthi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Bekukho iingxelo zeendaba zakwangoko ukuba ayihambelani nojongano lwelizwe lokutshaja. Abanini bemoto banokuhlawulisa kuphela kwiimfumba ezikhethekileyo zokutshaja. Ukuba bafuna ukusebenzisa iimfumba zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo zelizwe, bafuna i-adapter ekhethekileyo. (Umhleli akazange akwazi ukuzibamba kodwa wacinga ngezixhobo ezisuka kwamanye amazwe ezazisetyenziswa ekhaya ndisengumntwana. Kwakukho neconverter kwisokethi. Iinguqulelo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zaziyingxubakaxaka. Ukuba ndilibele ngenye imini, i-circuit breaker yayinokuthi uhambo .

Ukongeza, imigangatho yokutshaja yaseTshayina yaqulunqwa kwangethuba kakhulu (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu wayelindele ukuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha zingaphuhla ngokukhawuleza), amandla okutshaja asemgangathweni wesizwe abekwe kwinqanaba elinokugcinwa ngokungqongqo - amandla ombane aphezulu angama-950v, obona buninzi bangoku bungama-250A, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni amandla ayo akwingcipheko yethiyori abekelwe umda ngaphantsi kwama-250kW. Ngokwahlukileyo, umgangatho we-NACS olawulwa nguTesla kwimarike yaseMntla Melika ayinayo iplagi encinci yokutshaja kuphela, kodwa idibanisa i-DC/AC yokutshaja, kunye nesantya sokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350kW.

Nangona kunjalo, njengomdlali ohamba phambili kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukwenzela ukuvumela imigangatho yaseTshayina ukuba "ihambe kwihlabathi", i-China, iJapan kunye neJamani ziye zadala ngokudibeneyo umgangatho omtsha wokutshaja "i-ChaoJi". Ngo-2020, i-CHAdeMO yaseJapan yakhupha umgangatho we-CHAdeMO3.0 kwaye yabhengeza ukwamkelwa kwe-interface ye-ChaoJi. Ukongezelela, i-IEC (iKomishoni ye-Electrotechnical International) nayo yamkele isisombululo se-ChaoJi.

Ngokuhambelana nesantya sangoku, i-interface ye-ChaoJi kunye ne-Tesla NACS interface inokujongana nentloko-intloko kwixesha elizayo, kwaye enye kuphela inokuthi ekugqibeleni ibe "i-interface ye-Type-C" kwintsimi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ziya zisanda iinkampani zeemoto zikhetha indlela "yokujoyina ukuba awukwazi ukuyoyisa", ukuthandwa kwangoku kwe-Tesla's NACS interface kugqithise kakhulu oko bekulindelwe ngabantu. Mhlawumbi alikho ixesha elininzi eliseleyo le-ChaoJi?