IYurophu kunye ne-United States: inkxaso-mali yomgaqo-nkqubo iyanda, ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo sokutshaja kuqhubeka nokukhawuleza

Ngaphantsi kwenjongo yokunciphisa i-emission, i-EU kunye namazwe aseYurophu aye akhawuleza ukwakhiwa kweemfumba zokutshaja ngokusebenzisa inkuthazo yomgaqo-nkqubo. Kwimakethi yaseYurophu, ukusukela ngo-2019, urhulumente wase-UK ubhengeze ukuba uza kutyala imali ezizigidi ezingama-300 eeponti kwiindlela zothutho ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kwaye iFrance yabhengeza ngo-2020 ukuba izakusebenzisa i-euro yezigidi ezili-100 ukutyala imali ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zokutshaja. NgoJulayi 14, 2021, iKomishoni yaseYurophu yakhupha ipakethe ebizwa ngokuthi “ifanele i-55”, efuna amazwe angamalungu akhawulezise ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isikhululo sokutshaja iimoto zombane rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-60 kwiindlela ezinkulu; kwi-2022, amazwe aseYurophu aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo ethile, kubandakanywa inkxaso-mali yokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokurhweba kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ekhaya, ezinokugubungela iindleko zokwakha kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo zokutshaja kunye nokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bathenge iitshaja.

Amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu aphehlelele imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yezikhululo zamandla zasekhaya kunye nezikhululo zamandla orhwebo ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja. Amazwe alishumi elinesihlanu, kuquka iJamani, iFransi, i-UK, iSpain, i-Itali, iNetherlands, iOstriya neSweden, aphehlelele imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yezikhululo zokutshaja zamakhaya nezorhwebo emva kwenye.

Izinga lokukhula kwezikhululo zokutshaja eYurophu lilele emva kokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye izikhululo zoluntu ziphezulu. I-2020 kunye ne-2021 iya kubona i-2.46 yezigidi kunye ne-4.37 yezigidi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha eYurophu ngokulandelanayo, + 77.3% kunye + 48.0% unyaka nonyaka; izinga lokungena kwezithuthi zombane likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yezixhobo zokutshaja nayo iyanda kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokukhula kwezixhobo zokutshaja eYurophu lisalela kakhulu emva kokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba umlinganiselo wesikhululo sokutshaja i-EV sikawonke-wonke eYurophu uya kuba yi-9.0 kunye ne-12.3 ngo-2020 kunye no-2021 ngokulandelelanayo, kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Umgaqo-nkqubo uya kukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja eYurophu, okuya kukhulisa kakhulu imfuno yezikhululo zokutshaja. Izikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-360,000 ziya kubanjwa eYurophu ngo-2021, kwaye ubungakanani obutsha bemarike buya kuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-470 zeedola. Kulindeleke ukuba ubungakanani obutsha bentengiso yesikhululo sokutshaja eYurophu bufikelele kwi-USD 3.7 yezigidigidi ngo-2025, kwaye izinga lokukhula liya kuhlala liphezulu kwaye indawo yentengiso inkulu.

Itshaja yokupaka 2

Inkxaso-mali yase-US ayizange ibonwe ngaphambili, ivuselela ngamandla imfuno. Kwimakethi yase-US, ngoNovemba ka-2021, iSenethi yapasisa ngokusesikweni umthetho oyilwayo weziseko ezingundoqo ze-bipartisan, oceba ukutyala i-7.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ekuhlawuleni ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo. ngoSeptemba 14, 2022, uBiden wabhengeza kwiDetroit Auto Bonisa imvume yokuqala yeedola ezingama-900 ezigidi kwinkxaso-mali yenkqubo yeziseko zophuhliso kulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane kumazwe angama-35. Ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2022, amazwe ase-US akhawulezise uncediso-mali lolwakhiwo lwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ukukhawulezisa ukuphunyezwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja. Isixa-mali senkxaso-mali yetshaja ye-AC yesikhululo esinye sigxininiswe kuluhlu lwe-US$200-500; isixa soncediso-mali kwisikhululo sikawonke-wonke se-AC siphezulu, sigxininiswe kuluhlu lwe-US $ 3,000-6,000, enokuhlawula i-40% -50% yokuthengwa kwezixhobo zokutshaja, kwaye ikhuthaze kakhulu abathengi ukuba bathenge itshaja ye-EV. Ngokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo, kulindeleke ukuba izikhululo zokutshaja eYurophu nase-United States ziya kuqalisa ixesha lokwakha elikhawulezileyo kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.

Uphuhliso lweetshaja ze-DC EV e-US

Urhulumente wase-US ukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja, kwaye imfuno yezikhululo zokutshaja iya kubona ukukhula okukhawulezayo. I-Tesla ikhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwimarike yase-US, kodwa ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja kusemva kokuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ekupheleni kwe-2021, inani lesikhululo sokutshaja izithuthi zamandla amatsha e-US yayiziyunithi ze-113,000, ngelixa inani leenqwelo zamandla amatsha zaziyi-2.202 yezigidi zeeyunithi, kunye nomlinganiselo we-15.9 yemoto.

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo sokutshaja ngokucacileyo akonelanga. Ulawulo lwe-Biden lukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwe-EV yokutshaja iziseko ngenkqubo ye-NEVI. Uthungelwano lwelizwe lonke lwezikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-500,000 ziya kusekwa ngo-2030, kunye nemigangatho emitsha yesantya sokutshaja, ukuhanjiswa komsebenzisi, ukusebenzisana, iisistim zokuhlawula, amaxabiso kunye neminye imiba. Ukungena okwandisiweyo kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo owomeleleyo kuya kuqhuba kakhulu ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwemfuno yesikhululo sokutshaja. Ukongeza, imveliso yemoto entsha yase-US kunye neentengiso zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye neenqwelo zamandla ezintsha ezingama-652,000 ezithengisiweyo ngo-2021 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zifike kwi-3.07 yezigidi nge-2025, nge-CAGR ye-36.6%, kunye nobunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha bufikelela kwi-9.06 yezigidi. Izikhululo zokutshaja zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye ukunyuka kobunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka kukhatshwe ziimfumba zokuhlawulisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhlawulisa zabanini-zithuthi.

Imfuno yesikhululo sokutshaja saseMelika kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke sikhula ngokukhawuleza, indawo yentengiso inkulu. Ngo-2021 ubungakanani bubonke bemakethi yetshaja ye-EV yaseMelika incinci, malunga ne-180 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika, ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kobunini bemoto yamandla entsha eziswa yitshaja ye-EV exhasa imfuno yolwakhiwo, imakethi yesizwe ye-EV yetshaja kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele iyonke. ubukhulu be-2.78 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2025, i-CAGR ukuya kwi-70%, imarike iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza, indawo yemarike yexesha elizayo inkulu. Imarike iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imarike yexesha elizayo inendawo enkulu.