I-V2H V2G V2L Yeyiphi imisebenzi yokutshaja ngokuphindwe kabini?

Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokutshaja kabini?
Iitshaja zeBidirectional zingasetyenziselwa izicelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala kunye neyona nto ithethwayo yi-Vehicle-to-grid okanye i-V2G, eyenzelwe ukuthumela okanye ukuthumela amandla ngaphandle kwigridi yombane xa imfuno iphezulu. Ukuba amawaka ezithuthi ezinobuchwepheshe be-V2G ziplagwe kwaye zinikwe amandla, oku kunamandla okuguqula indlela umbane ogcinwa ngayo kwaye uveliswe kwisikali esikhulu. Ii-EV zineebhetri ezinkulu, ezinamandla, ngoko ke amandla adityanisiweyo amawaka eemoto ezine-V2G anokuba makhulu. Qaphela ukuba i-V2X ligama eliye lisetyenziswe ngamanye amaxesha ukuchaza zonke iintlobo ezintathu ezichazwe ngezantsi.

I-Vehicle-to-grid okanye i-V2G - i-EV ithumela amandla ngaphandle ukuxhasa igridi yombane.
Isithuthi ukuya ekhaya okanye i-V2H - Amandla e-EV asetyenziselwa ukuxhobisa ikhaya okanye ishishini.
I-Vehicle-to-load okanye i-V2L * -I-EV inokusetyenziselwa umbane kwizixhobo zombane okanye ukuhlawulisa ezinye ii-EV
* I-V2L ayifuni tshaja emacala omabini ukuze isebenze

Ukusetyenziswa kwesibini kweetshaja ze-EV ze-bidirectional yeye-Vehicle-to-home okanye i-V2H. Njengoko amagama ecebisa, i-V2H yenza ukuba i-EV isetyenziswe njengenkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya ukugcina amandla angaphezulu elanga kunye namandla kwikhaya lakho. Umzekelo, inkqubo yebhetri yekhaya eqhelekileyo, efana neTesla Powerwall, inomthamo we-13.5kWh. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-avareji ye-EV inomthamo wama-65kWh, olingana nee-Tesla Powerwalls eziphantse zibe zintlanu. Ngenxa yomthamo webhetri enkulu, i-EV ehlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo inokuxhasa ikhaya eliphakathi kangangeentsuku ezininzi ezilandelelanayo okanye ixesha elide xa idityaniswe nophahla lwelanga.

isithuthi ukuya kwigridi – V2G
I-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) kulapho inxalenye encinci yamandla ebhetri ye-EV egciniweyo ithunyelwa ngaphandle kwigridi yombane xa kuyimfuneko, kuxhomekeke kulungiselelo lwenkonzo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiprogram ze-V2G, i-bidirectional DC charger kunye ne-EV ehambelanayo iyafuneka. Ewe kunjalo, kukho inkuthazo yemali yokwenza oku kwaye abanini be-EV banikwa iikhredithi okanye iindleko zombane ezincitshisiweyo. I-EVs kunye ne-V2G inokwenza ukuba umnini athathe inxaxheba kwi-virtual power plant (VPP) inkqubo yokuphucula ukuzinza kwegridi kunye nokubonelela ngamandla ngexesha leemfuno eziphezulu. Zimbalwa ii-EVs okwangoku ezine-V2G kunye ne-bidirectional DC yokutshaja isakhono; ezi ziquka imodeli yamva yeNissan Leaf (ZE1) kunye neMitsubishi Outlander okanye i-Eclipse plug-in hybrids.

Ngaphandle kokupapashwa, enye yeengxaki ngokukhutshwa kweteknoloji ye-V2G yimiceli mngeni yolawulo kunye nokungabikho kwemigaqo yokutshaja ye-bidirectional kunye nezihlanganisi. Iitshaja ezimacala omabini, njengeziguquli zelanga, zithathwa njengolunye uhlobo lokuvelisa umbane kwaye kufuneka zihambelane nalo lonke ukhuseleko olulawulayo kunye nemigangatho yokuvalwa xa kukho ukusilela kwegridi. Ukoyisa obu bunzima, abanye abavelisi bezithuthi, abanje ngeFord, baphuhlise iinkqubo zokutshaja ezilula ze-AC ezisebenza kuphela ngee-Ford EV ukubonelela umbane ekhaya kunokuthumela ngaphandle kwigridi. Ezinye, ezinje ngeNissan, zisebenza zisebenzisa iitshaja ezijikelezayo jikelele ezifana neWallbox Quasar, echazwe ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ngezantsi. Funda ngakumbi malunga noncedo lwetekhnoloji yeV2G.
Kule mihla, uninzi lwee-EVs zixhotyiswe ngezibuko lentlawulo yeCCS DC. Okwangoku, i-EV kuphela esebenzisa izibuko le-CCS ukutshaja okuphindwe kabini yiFord F-150 Lightning EV esanda kukhutshwa. Nangona kunjalo, ii-EVs ezininzi ezine-CCS zoqhagamshelo zezibuko ziya kufumaneka nge-V2H kunye ne-V2G isakhono kwikamva elingekude, kunye ne-VW ebhengeza iimoto zayo zombane ze-ID zinokunikezela ukutshaja okuphindwe kabini ngo-2023.
2. Isithuthi esisa eKhaya – V2H
I-Vehicle-to-home (V2H) iyafana ne-V2G, kodwa amandla asetyenziswa ekuhlaleni ukukhanyisa ikhaya endaweni yokuba afakwe kwigridi yombane. Oku kwenza ukuba i-EV isebenze njengenkqubo yebhetri yekhaya eqhelekileyo ukunceda ukonyusa ukuzimela, ngakumbi xa idityaniswe nophahla lwelanga. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nzuzo ibonakalayo ye-V2H kukukwazi ukunika amandla okugcina ngexesha lokucima.

Ukuze i-V2H isebenze, idinga itshaja ye-EV ehambelana ne-bidirectional kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa imitha yamandla (i-CT meter) efakwe kwindawo yokudibanisa igridi. Imitha yeCT ihlola ukuhamba kwamandla ukuya nokubuya kwigridi. Xa inkqubo ibona amandla egridi asetyenziswa likhaya lakho, ixela itshaja ye-EV ye-bidirectional ukuba ikhuphe isixa esilinganayo, ngaloo ndlela ivala nawaphi na amandla atsalwa kwigridi. Ngokunjalo, xa inkqubo ibona amandla athunyelwa ngaphandle ukusuka kuphahla lwelanga, iyaphambukisa oku ukuhlawulisa i-EV, efana kakhulu nendlela iitshaja ze-EV ezisebenza ngayo. Ukuvumela amandla okugcina xa kwenzeka ukucima umbane okanye unxunguphalo, inkqubo ye-V2H kufuneka ikwazi ukubona ukuphuma kwegridi kwaye ihlukanise kwinethiwekhi usebenzisa i-contactor ngokuzenzekelayo (ukutshintsha). Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-islanding, kwaye isiguquli se-bidirectional sisebenza ngokusisiseko njengesiguquli esingaphandle kwegridi sisebenzisa ibhetri ye-EV. Isixhobo sokwahlula igridi siyafuneka ukuze kusebenze ugcino, kufana nee-inverters ezixutyiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zebhetri ezigcinayo.