I-Vietnam EV Industry: Ukuqonda iThuba le-B2B leeFirms zangaphandle

Phakathi kwenguqu ephawulekayo yehlabathi jikelele ehlaziya ikamva lezothutho, imarike yemoto yombane (EV) imele phambili kwizinto ezintsha kumazwe amaninzi emhlabeni jikelele kwaye iVietnam ayifani.

Oku akuyona nje into ekhokelwa ngabathengi. Njengoko ishishini le-EV lifumana amandla, intsebenziswano kwishishini ukuya kwishishini (B2B) iye yavutha, apho iifemu zinokubonelela ngamacandelo kunye namacandelo okanye iinkonzo ezincedisayo zivula intaphane yamathuba anengeniso. Ukusuka kwimfuno ekhulayo yeziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja i-EV ukuya kwindawo eguquguqukayo yokwenziwa kweebhetri kunye nokubonelela, ihlabathi lamathuba lilindile.

Kodwa eVietnam, ishishini alikaphuhliswa. Ngolu khanyiso, iinkampani kwimarike zinokuzuza kwi-advanteji yokuqala; nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba likrele elintlangothi-mbini kuba banokufuna ukutyala imali ekuphuhliseni imakethi iyonke.

Ngale nto engqondweni, sinika umboniso omfutshane wamathuba e-B2B kwishishini lezithuthi zombane eVietnam.

Imingeni engena kwimarike ye-Vietnamese EV
Iziseko zophuhliso
Imarike ye-EV eVietnam ijongene nemiqobo emininzi enxulumene neziseko zophuhliso. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yee-EVs, ukusekwa kothungelwano lokutshaja olomeleleyo kuyafuneka ukuxhasa ukwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iVietnam okwangoku ijongene nemida ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezikhululo zokutshaja, ukungonelanga komthamo wegridi yamandla, kunye nokungabikho kwemigaqo yokutshaja emgangathweni. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zinto zinokuzisa ubunzima bokusebenza kumashishini.
"Kukwakho nemingeni yokuhlangabezana nenjongo yoshishino lwe-EV yokuguqula izithuthi, ezifana nenkqubo yeziseko zothutho engekahlangani notshintsho olunamandla kumbane," uSekela Mphathiswa wezoThutho, uLe Anh Tuan, uxelele iworkshop ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo.

Oku kubonisa ukuba urhulumente uyayazi imingeni yesakhiwo kwaye uya kuxhasa amalinge akhokelwa licandelo labucala ukuqhubela phambili iziseko zoncedo eziphambili.

Ukhuphiswano oluvela kubadlali abaziwayo
Umceli mngeni onokubakho kwabachaphazelekayo bangaphandle abamkela indlela yokulinda-nokubona inokuvela kukhuphiswano olumandla kwimarike yaseVietnam. Njengoko amandla eshishini le-EV laseVietnam esenzeka, ukwanda kwamashishini angaphandle angena kweli candelo likhulayo kunokubangela ukhuphiswano oluqatha.

Amashishini e-B2B kwimakethi ye-EV yaseVietnam ayijongani kuphela nokhuphiswano oluvela kubadlali abasekiweyo ekhaya, njengeVinFast, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Aba badlali badla ngokuba namava abanzi, izixhobo, kunye namatyathanga obonelelo asekiweyo. Abadlali abakhulu kule marike, njengeTesla (i-USA), i-BYD (e-China), kunye neVolkswagen (eJamani), bonke banezithuthi zombane ezinokuba ngumngeni ukukhuphisana nazo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemeko yolawulo
Imarike ye-EV, njengamanye amashishini, iphenjelelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo karhulumente. Nasemva kokuba intsebenziswano ifikelelwe phakathi kweenkampani ezimbini, zisenokujongana nemingeni enxulumene nokuhamba ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemithetho ehlala iguquka, ukufumana iimvume eziyimfuneko, kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yomgangatho.

Kutshanje, urhulumente waseVietnam ukhuphe ummiselo olawula ukuhlolwa kunye nesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lobugcisa kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo yeemoto kunye neenxalenye. Oku kongeza uluhlu olongezelelweyo lwemimiselo yabathumeli bangaphandle. Lo myalelo uya kuqalisa ukusebenza kumacandelo emoto ukususela ngomhla woku-1 ku-Okthobha 2023, kwaye emva koko uya kusebenza kwiimoto ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti ka-2025.

Imigaqo-nkqubo efana nale inokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kunye nenzuzo yamashishini asebenza kwicandelo le-EV. Ngaphezu koko, utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, inkuthazo, kunye nenkxaso-mali inokudala ukungaqiniseki kwaye ichaphazele isicwangciso seshishini sexesha elide.

Ukufunyanwa kweetalente, umsantsa wezakhono
Kwizivumelwano zeB2B eziyimpumelelo, izibonelelo zabasebenzi zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko ishishini likhula, kukho imfuno yeengcali ezinezakhono ezinobuchule kwitekhnoloji ye-EV. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana iingcali ezinezakhono kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kumashishini aseVietnam njengoko kusekho ukunqongophala kwamaziko emfundo aqeqeshelwa eli shishini. Ke, iinkampani zinokujongana nemiqobo ekufuneni nasekugcineni abasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Ukongeza, isantya esikhawulezayo sokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe sifuna uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zabasebenzi abakhoyo, nto leyo enokuthi ibe mandundu ngakumbi ingxaki.

Amathuba
Ngaphandle kwemingeni ekhoyo kwimarike ye-EV yasekhaya, kuyacaca ukuba ukuveliswa kwee-EV kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula njengoko iinkxalabo ezijikeleze ukungcoliseka komoya, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokunciphisa imithombo yamandla.

Ngaphakathi kumxholo weVietnam, ukunyuka okumangalisayo kumdla wabathengi kukwamkelwa kwe-EV kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi. Inani le-EVs eVietnam kulindeleke ukuba lifike kwi-1 yezigidi zeeyunithi nge-2028 kunye ne-3.5 yezigidi zeeyunithi nge-2040, ngokwe-Statista. Le mfuno iphezulu kulindeleke ukuba ifake amafutha kwamanye amashishini axhasayo, afana neziseko zophuhliso, izisombululo zokutshaja, kunye neenkonzo ze-EV ezincedisayo. Ke ngoko, ishishini le-EV esakhulayo eVietnam libonisa umhlaba ochumileyo wentsebenziswano ye-B2B namathuba okwenza umanyano lobuchule kunye nokwenza imali kulo mhlaba wentengiso uvelayo.

Ukwenziwa kwamacandelo kunye nobuchwepheshe
EVietnam, kukho amathuba abalulekileyo e-B2B kwindawo yamacandelo ezithuthi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ukudityaniswa kwee-EVs kwimarike yeemoto kuvelise imfuno yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana namatayara kunye neendawo ezisecaleni kunye nemfuno yoomatshini bobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Omnye umzekelo ophawulekayo kwesi sizinda yi-ABB yaseSweden, ebonelele ngeerobhothi ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 kumzi-mveliso waseVinFast eHai Phong. Ngezi robhothi, iVinFast ijolise ekukhuliseni ukuveliswa kwezithuthuthu zombane kunye neemoto. Oku kuqaqambisa amandla okuba iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zifake isandla kubuchule bazo kwirobhothi kunye ne-automation ukuxhasa ukwenziwa kwemveliso yalapha ekhaya.

Olunye uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lutyalo-mali lukaFoxconn kwiphondo laseQuang Ninh, apho inkampani yamkelwe ngurhulumente waseVietnam ukuba ityale i-US $ 246 yezigidi kwiiprojekthi ezimbini. Inxalenye enkulu yolu tyalo-mali, efikelela kwi-US$200 yezigidi, iya kwabelwa ukusekwa komzi-mveliso ozinikele ekuveliseni iitshaja ze-EV kunye namalungu. Oku kulindeleke ukuba kuqalise ukusebenza ngoJanuwari ka-2025.

Ukubizwa kwe-EV kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike ye-EV kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo, ngakumbi kuphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso. Oku kuquka ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nokuphuculwa kweegridi zombane. Kule ndawo, iVietnam ivuthiwe ngamathuba entsebenziswano.

Umzekelo, isivumelwano esisayinwe phakathi kwePetrolimex Group kunye neVinFast ngoJuni 2022 siza kubona izikhululo zokutshaja iVinFast zifakwe kuthungelwano olubanzi lwezikhululo zepetroli zePetrolimex. I-VinFast iya kubonelela ngeenkonzo zokurenta ibhetri kwaye iququzelele ukudalwa kwezikhululo zokugcina ezinikezelwe ukulungiswa kwee-EVs.

Ukudityaniswa kwezikhululo zokutshaja phakathi kwezikhululo zerhasi ezikhoyo akwenzeli nje ukuba kube lula ngakumbi kubanini be-EV ukuba bahlawule izithuthi zabo kodwa bakwasebenzisa iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo ezisa izibonelelo kumashishini asakhasayo nangokwemveli kwicandelo leemoto.

Ukuqonda imarike yeenkonzo ze-EV
Ishishini le-EV libonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo ngaphaya kokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ne-EV yokuqeshisa kunye nezisombululo zokuhamba.

Iinkonzo zeVinFast kunye neeTeksi
I-VinFast ithathe ukuqeshisa iimoto zabo zombane kwiinkampani zenkonzo yezothutho. Ngokucacileyo, i-subsidiary yabo, i-Green Sustainable Mobility (GSM), ibe yenye yeenkampani zokuqala eVietnam ukunika le nkonzo.
I-Lado Taxi ikwadibanise malunga ne-1,000 ye-VinFast EVs, equka iimodeli, ezifana ne-VF e34s kunye ne-VF 5sPlus, kwiinkonzo zabo zeeteksi zombane kumaphondo afana ne-Lam Dong kunye ne-Binh Duong.

Kolunye uphuhliso olubalulekileyo, i-Sun Taxi isayine isivumelwano kunye ne-VinFast yokuthenga iimoto ze-3,000 ze-VF 5s Plus, ezimele ukufunyanwa kweenqwelo ezinkulu eVietnam ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokutsho kweNgxelo yeMali yeVingroup H1 2023.

Selex Motors kunye neLazada Logistics
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, i-Selex Motors kunye neLazada Logistics basayine isivumelwano sokusebenzisa i-Selex Camel scooters zombane kwimisebenzi yabo eHo Chi Minh City naseHanoi. Njengenxalenye yesivumelwano, i-Selex Motors yanikezela ngee-scooters zombane kwi-Lazada Logistics ngoDisemba ka-2022, ngezicwangciso zokusebenza ubuncinane i-100 yezo zithuthi ngo-2023.

Dat Bike kunye Gojek
I-Dat Bike, inkampani ye-Vietnamese scooter yombane, yathatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo kushishino lwezothutho xa ingena kwintsebenziswano yobuchule neGojek ngoMeyi walo nyaka. Le ntsebenziswano ijolise ekuguquleni iinkonzo zothutho ezinikezelwa yiGojek, kuquka i-GoRide yokuthutha abantu, i-GoFood yokuhanjiswa kokutya, kunye ne-GoSend ngeenjongo zokuhanjiswa ngokubanzi. Ukwenza oku kuya kusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane seDat Bike, iDat Bike Weaver++, kwimisebenzi yayo.

VinFast, Yiba yiQela, kunye neVPBank
I-VinFast ityale imali ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Be Group inkampani yemoto yetekhnoloji, kwaye yatyikitya imemorandam yokuqonda ukubeka izithuthuthu zombane zeVinFast ukuba zisebenze. Ngaphezu koko, ngenkxaso yeVietnam Prosperity Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VPBank), Abaqhubi beQela banikwa izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo xa kuziwa ekurenteni okanye ukuba nemoto yombane yeVinFast.

Izinto eziphambili ezithathwayo
Njengoko imarike isanda kwaye iinkampani ziqinisa ukuma kwazo kwimarike, zifuna inethiwekhi eyomeleleyo yababoneleli, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo, kunye namahlakani ukuze bazinzise imisebenzi yabo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo. Oku kuvula iindlela zokusebenzisana kwe-B2B kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nabangeneli abatsha abanokubonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha, amacandelo akhethekileyo, okanye iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo.

Nangona kusekho imida kunye nobunzima kumashishini akweli shishini lisahlumayo, akukho nto iphikayo ikamva elinokwenzeka njengoko ukwamkelwa kwe-EV kuhambelana nezikhokelo zemozulu kunye novelwano lwabathengi.

Ngokusebenzisa isicwangciso sobudlelwane bokubonelela kunye nokubonelela emva kweenkonzo zokuthengisa, amashishini e-B2B anokunyusa amandla omnye komnye, akhuthaze ukutsha, kunye negalelo ekukhuleni ngokubanzi kunye nophuhliso lweshishini le-EV yaseVietnam.