Imodyuli yophuhliso lwemodyuli yemoto entsha yokutshaja isithuthi samandla

1. Isishwankathelo sophuhliso loshishino lweemodyuli zokutshaja

Iimodyuli zokutshaja zingundoqo kwi-DC yokutshaja iimfumba zezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Njengoko izinga lokungena kunye nobunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-China ziqhubeka zikhula, imfuno yokutshaja iimfumba iyanda. Ukutshaja isithuthi samandla esitsha kwahlulwe ku-AC ukutshaja okucothayo kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kuneempawu zombane ophezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko imarike ilandela ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, isikali sentengiso ye-DC yokutshaja iimfumba ezikhawulezayo kunye neemodyuli zokutshaja ziyaqhubeka nokwanda. .

2. Inqanaba lobuchwephesha kunye neempawu zeshishini lemodyuli yokutshaja

Umzi-mveliso omtsha wemodyuli yokutshaja isithuthi samandla ev okwangoku uneempawu zobugcisa ezinje ngemodyuli enye ephezulu, amaza omoya aphezulu, i-miniaturization, ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane.

Ngokubhekiselele kumandla emodyuli enye, ishishini lemodyuli entsha yokutshaja amandla okutshaja iye yafumana uphuhliso lwemveliso eqhelekileyo ye-7.5kW ngo-2014, i-20A eqhubekayo yangoku kunye ne-15kW ngo-2015, kunye namandla angaguqukiyo angama-25A kunye ne-15kW ngo-2016. Iimodyuli zokutshaja zesicelo eziqhelekileyo ngoku Ngama-20kW kunye nama-30kW. Izisombululo zemodyuli enye kunye noguqulo ukuya kwi-40kW entsha yokutshaja amandla emfumba yezisombululo zemodyuli enye. Iimodyuli zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu ziye zaba yindlela yokuphuhlisa imarike kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokubhekiselele kumbane ophumayo, iGridi kaRhulumente ikhuphe inguqulelo ka-2017 “yeMigangatho yokuQinisekisa nokuQinisekisa ukuBuyisa kwaBaboneleli beZixhobo zokuTja iSithuthi soMbane” ichaza ukuba uluhlu lwamandla ombane oluphumayo lwetshaja zeDC luyi-200-750V, kwaye amandla ombane angaguqukiyo agubungela ubuncinci. uluhlu lwe-400-500V kunye ne-600-750V. Ke ngoko, bonke abavelisi bemodyuli ngokubanzi bayila iimodyuli ze-200-750V kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zamandla rhoqo. Ngokunyuka koluhlu lokuhamba ngeenqwelo zombane kunye nemfuno yabasebenzisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja, ishishini licebise ukwakhiwa kwe-800V yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kwaye ezinye iinkampani ziye zaqonda ukubonelela nge-DC yokutshaja iimodyuli zokutshaja kunye nobubanzi obubanzi. uluhlu lwemveliso yombane we-200-1000V. .

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-high-frequency kunye ne-miniaturization yeemodyuli zokutshaja, amandla eemodyuli zomatshini omnye we-energy entsha yokutshaja amandla ombane owenziweyo anyukile, kodwa umthamo wawo awukwazi ukwandiswa ngokulinganayo. Ke ngoko, ukonyusa amaza okutshintsha kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezinobuchwephesha kuye kwaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwandisa ubuninzi bamandla.

Ngokubhekiselele kokusebenza kakuhle kwemodyuli yokutshaja, iinkampani ezinkulu kushishino lweemodyuli zokutshaja imfumba entsha yokutshaja ngokubanzi zinencopho ephezulu yokusebenza kwe-95% -96%. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwamacandelo ombane afana nezixhobo zombane zesizukulwana sesithathu kunye nokuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane ezine-800V okanye nangaphezulu Ngeqonga lombane ophezulu, ishishini lilindeleke ukuba lingenise iimveliso ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-98% .

Njengoko ukuxinana kwamandla eemodyuli zokutshaja kunyuka, kuzisa iingxaki ezinkulu zokulahla ubushushu. Ngokumalunga nokutshatyalaliswa kokushisa kweemodyuli zokutshaja, indlela yangoku yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kwishishini kunyanzelekile ukupholisa umoya, kwaye kukho neendlela ezifana neenqwelo zomoya ezibandayo ezivaliweyo kunye nokupholisa kwamanzi. Ukupholisa umoya kuneenzuzo zeendleko eziphantsi kunye nesakhiwo esilula. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uxinzelelo lokunciphisa ubushushu lusanda, izinto ezingeloncedo zokuchitha ubushushu obuncinci bokupholisa komoya kunye nengxolo ephezulu ziya kubonakala ngakumbi. Ukuxhobisa imodyuli yokutshaja kunye nomgca wompu kunye nokupholisa ulwelo kube sisisombululo esikhulu. isikhokelo sobugcisa.

3. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha ikhawulezisa amathuba ophuhliso okungena kushishino lwamandla amatsha

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji entsha yoshishino lwamandla iqhubekile ukwenza inkqubela phambili kunye nokuphumelela, kwaye ukunyuka kwezinga lokungena kuye kwakhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lemodyuli yokutshaja. Ukonyuka okubalulekileyo koxinzelelo lwamandla ebhetri kuye kwasombulula ingxaki yokungonelanga koluhlu lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli zokutshaja zamandla aphezulu kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokutshaja, ngaloo ndlela kukhawulezisa ukungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nokwakhiwa kweemfumba ezixhasa ukutshaja. . Kwixesha elizayo, ukudibanisa kunye nokujula kwesicelo sobuchwephesha obufana nokugcinwa kwe-optical kunye nokudibanisa ukutshaja kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-V2G yezithuthi kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubele phambili ukukhawuleza ukungena kumashishini amatsha amandla kunye nokuthandwa kokusetyenziswa.

4. Ubume bokhuphiswano lweshishini: Ishishini lemodyuli yokutshaja likhuphisana ngokupheleleyo kwaye indawo yentengiso yemveliso inkulu.

Imodyuli yokutshaja yinxalenye engundoqo ye-DC yokutshaja iipiles. Ngokunyuka kwesantya sokungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwihlabathi liphela, abathengi baya bexhalaba ngakumbi malunga noluhlu lokutshaja kunye nokulula ukutshaja. Imfuno yemarike yeemfumba zokutshaja ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC ziye zaqhuma, kwaye imarike yokusebenza kwemfumba yokutshaja yasekhaya ikhulile ukusuka Kwiintsuku zangaphambili, iGridi kaRhulumente yayiyeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso olwahlukeneyo. Inani labasebenzi bentlalo-ntle abanezixhobo ezihlawulisa imfumba yokuvelisa kunye nesakhono sokusebenza bavele ngokukhawuleza. Abavelisi beemodyuli zokutshaja ngaphakathi baqhubekile nokwandisa imveliso yabo kunye nesikali sokuthengisa ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kweemfumba ezixhasayo zokutshaja, kwaye ukukhuphisana kwabo okubanzi kuqhubekile ukomelela. .

Okwangoku, emva kweminyaka yokuphindaphinda imveliso kunye nophuhliso lweemodyuli zokutshaja, ukhuphiswano lweshishini lwanele. Iimveliso eziphambili ziphuhla kwicala lamandla ombane aphezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu, kwaye indawo yentengiso yemveliso inkulu. Amashishini kushishino ikakhulu afumana isabelo semakethi ephezulu kunye namanqanaba enzuzo ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula i-topology yemveliso, ukulawula i-algorithms, ukwenza ngcono i-hardware kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, njl.

5. Iindlela zophuhliso lweemodyuli zokutshaja ev

Njengoko iimodyuli zokutshaja zingenisa imfuno enkulu yentengiso, itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka nokuphuhla ukuya kuxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu, uluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koguqulo.

1) Utshintsho oluqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo luqhutywa yimfuno

Ukuze kuxhaswe kwaye kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukwakhiwa kweemfumba zokutshaja kwakukhokelwa ikakhulu ngurhulumente kwasekuqaleni, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe kukhokele uphuhliso lweshishini ukuya kwimodeli yokuqhubela phambili engapheliyo ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukusukela ngo-2021, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha lubeke iimfuno ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwezibonelelo ezixhasayo kunye neemfumba zokutshaja. Ishishini lemfumba ehlawulisayo ligqibezela inguqu ukusuka ekubeni iqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya ekubeni iqhutywa yimfuno.

Ngokujongana nenani elandayo lezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukongeza ekwandiseni ingxinano yoyilo lwemfumba etshajayo, ixesha lokutshaja kufuneka licuthwe ngakumbi. Iimfumba zokutshaja ze-DC zinezantya zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kunye namaxesha amafutshane okutshaja, afaneleke ngakumbi kwiimfuno zethutyana kunye nezongxamiseko zokutshaja zabasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane, kwaye zinokusombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki zoluhlu lwezithuthi zombane kunye noxinzelelo lokutshaja. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isikali sentengiso ye-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiimfumba zokutshaja ezisanda kwakhiwa, ngakumbi iimfumba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke, zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwizixeko ezininzi ezingundoqo e-China.

Ukushwankathela, kwelinye icala, njengoko inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha liqhubeka likhula, ukwakhiwa kwenkxaso yeemfumba zokutshaja kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo. Kwelinye icala, abasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane balandela ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC. Iimfumba zokutshaja ze-DC ziye zaba yindlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye iimodyuli zokutshaja nazo zingenile kwimfuno. Inqanaba lophuhliso apho utsalo uyeyona nto iqhubayo.

(2) Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, uluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane, ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo

Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuthetha amandla aphezulu okutshaja. Ke ngoko, phantsi kwemfuno ekhulayo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, iimodyuli zokutshaja ziyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwicala lamandla aphezulu. Amandla aphezulu emfumba yokutshaja afezekiswa ngeendlela ezimbini. Enye kukudibanisa iimodyuli ezininzi zokutshaja ngokuhambelanayo ukufezekisa amandla aphezulu; enye kukunyusa amandla omnye wemodyuli yokutshaja. Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zobuchwepheshe zokwandisa ubuninzi bamandla, ukunciphisa indawo, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bezakhiwo zombane, ukwandisa amandla emodyuli enye yokutshaja yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elide. iimodyuli zokutshaja zelizwe lam zidlule kwizizukulwana ezithathu zophuhliso, ukusuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala 7.5kW ukuya kwisizukulwana sesibini 15/20kW, kwaye ngoku zikwixesha loguqulo ukusuka kwisizukulwana sesibini ukuya kwisizukulwana sesithathu 30/40kW. Iimodyuli zokutshaja zamandla aphezulu ziye zaba yeyona nto iphambili kwintengiso. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokusekelwe kumgaqo woyilo we-miniaturization, ubuninzi bamandla beemodyuli zokutshaja buye banda ngaxeshanye kunye nokunyuka kwinqanaba lamandla.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC: ukwandisa i-voltage kunye nokwandisa okwangoku. Isisombululo esiphezulu sokutshaja saqala samkelwa nguTesla. Inzuzo kukuba iindleko zokulungiswa kwecandelo ziphantsi, kodwa umbane ophezulu uya kuzisa ukulahleka kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, kunye neengcingo ezityebileyo zinciphisa ukukhululeka kunye nokukhuthaza ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci. Isisombululo esiphezulu se-voltage kukunyusa umbane ophezulu wokusebenza wemodyuli yokutshaja. Okwangoku imodeli esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngabavelisi beemoto. Inokuthathela ingqalelo iingenelo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuphucula ubomi bebhetri, ukunciphisa ubunzima, kunye nokugcina indawo. Isisombululo esiphezulu se-voltage sifuna ukuba izithuthi zombane zixhotyiswe ngeqonga lombane ophezulu ukuxhasa izicelo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, isisombululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza esiqhele ukusetyenziswa ziinkampani zeemoto yi-400V iqonga le-voltage ephezulu. Ngophando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweqonga lombane le-800V, inqanaba lamandla ombane wemodyuli yokutshaja liya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.

Ukuphuculwa kwempumelelo yokuguqulwa sisalathisi sobugcisa ukuba iimodyuli zokutshaja zihlala zilandela. Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza koguqulo kuthetha ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kunye nelahleko ephantsi. Okwangoku, ubuninzi obuphezulu obuphezulu beemodyuli zokutshaja ngokuqhelekileyo yi-95% ~ 96%. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwamacandelo e-elektroniki afana nezixhobo zombane zesizukulwana sesithathu kunye nombane ophumayo weemodyuli zokutshaja ezihamba ukuya kwi-800V okanye nakwi-1000V, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kakuhle kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.

(3) Ixabiso leemodyuli zokutshaja ziyanda

Imodyuli yokutshaja iyinxalenye ephambili ye-DC yokutshaja imfumba, ibalwa malunga ne-50% yeendleko ze-hardware yemfumba yokutshaja. Ukuphuculwa kokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo kwikamva ikakhulu kuxhomekeke ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kweemodyuli zokutshaja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimodyuli ezininzi zokutshaja ezidityaniswe ngokufanayo ziya kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lemodyuli yokutshaja; kwelinye icala, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamandla kunye nokuxinana kwamandla kwimodyuli enye yokutshaja kuxhomekeke kuyilo olulungisiweyo lweesekethe zehardware kunye nesoftware yolawulo kunye netekhnoloji yamacandelo aphambili. Ukuphumelela, ezi ziteknoloji eziphambili zokuphucula amandla emfumba yonke yokutshaja, eya kwandisa ngakumbi ixabiso lemodyuli yokutshaja.

6. Imiqobo yobuchwephesha kwishishini lemodyuli yokutshaja amandla ev

Itekhnoloji yobonelelo lwamandla sisifundo esibandakanya itekhnoloji yesekethe ye-topology, itekhnoloji yedijithali, itekhnoloji yemagnethi, itekhnoloji yecandelo, itekhnoloji ye-semiconductor, kunye netekhnoloji yoyilo lwe-thermal. Lishishini eligxile kubuchwephesha. Njengoko intliziyo ye-DC yokutshaja imfumba, imodyuli yokutshaja imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo, ukuzinza kokusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwemfumba yokutshaja, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kunye nexabiso libalaseleyo. Imveliso ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwezibonelelo kunye neengcali ukusuka kuphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso ukuya kwi-terminal application. Indlela yokukhetha amacandelo e-elektroniki kunye noyilo, uphuculo lwe-algorithm yesoftware kunye nokuphindaphinda, ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zesicelo, kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho okhulileyo kunye novavanyo lweqonga lobuchule konke kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho weMveliso kunye nokuzinza kunempembelelo ngqo. Kunzima kubangeneli abatsha kwishishini ukuba baqokelele itekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo, abasebenzi, kunye nedatha yemeko yesicelo ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye banemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa.