Mekhoa ea Merero ea ho Lefisa

Leha boholo ba tlhokeho ea ho tjhaja ha joale e khotsofatsoa ke tjhaja ea lapeng, lijaja tse fihlellehang phatlalatsa li ntse li hlokahala haholo bakeng sa ho fana ka boemo bo bonolo le bo fihlellehang joalo ka ba ho tlatsa likoloi tse tloaelehileng.Libakeng tse teteaneng tsa litoropo, haholo-holo, moo phihlello ea ho tjhaja malapeng e lekanyelitsoeng, meaho ea sechaba ea ho tjhaja ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e thusang ho amoheloa ha EV.Qetellong ea 2022, ho bile le libaka tsa tefiso tsa sechaba tse limilione tse 2.7 lefatšeng ka bophara, tse fetang 900 000 tsa tsona li kentsoe ka 2022, keketseho e ka bang 55% ho stock ea 2021, mme ha e bapisoa le sekhahla sa kholo ea pele ho seoa sa 50% lipakeng tsa 2015 le 2015. 2019.

Lijaja tse liehang

Lefatšeng ka bophara, libaka tse fetang 600 000 tsa sechaba tsa ho tjhaja butle1li kentsoe ka 2022, tse 360 ​​000 tsa tsona li ne li le Chaena, e leng se ileng sa tlisa thepa ea lijaja tse liehang ka har'a naha ho feta 1 milione.Qetellong ea 2022, China e ne e le lehae la karolo e fetang halofo ea li-charger tse tsamaeang butle tsa sechaba.

Europe e boemong ba bobeli, ka 460 000 kakaretso ea tjhaja butle ka 2022, keketseho ea 50% ho tloha selemong se fetileng.Netherlands e etella pele Europe ka 117 000, e lateloe ke 74 000 Fora le 64 000 Jeremane.Setoko sa lijaja tse liehang ho la United States se eketsehile ka 9% ka 2022, sekhahla sa kholo e tlase haholo har'a mebaraka e meholo.Naheng ea Korea, thepa ea ho tjhaja butle e imenne habeli selemo le selemo, e fihla ho lintlha tse 184 000 tsa ho tjhaja.

Li-charger tse potlakileng

Lijaja tse potlakileng tse fihlellehang phatlalatsa, haholo tse haufi le makoloi, li thusa maeto a malelele, 'me li khona ho sebetsana le matšoenyeho a fapaneng, tšitiso ea ho amoheloa ha EV.Joalo ka litjhaja tse liehang, lijaja tse potlakileng tsa sechaba le tsona li fana ka litharollo tsa ho tjhaja ho bareki ba se nang phihlello e tšepahalang ea ho tjhaja poraefete, ka hona ba khothaletsa kamohelo ea EV ho pholletsa le libaka tse ngata tsa baahi.Palo ea li-charger tse potlakileng e eketsehile ka 330 000 lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2022, leha ho le joalo hape boholo (hoo e ka bang 90%) ea kholo e tsoa Chaena.Ho romelloa ha ho tjhaja ka potlako ho lefella khaello ea phihlello ea litjhaja tsa malapeng metseng e nang le baahi ba bangata 'me ho tšehetsa merero ea China ea ho romelloa ka potlako ha EV.China e na le kakaretso ea li-charger tse 760 000 tse potlakileng, empa palo e fetang ea kakaretso ea qubu ea sechaba e tjhajang e fumaneha liprofinseng tse leshome feela.

Europe kakaretso ea tjhaja e potlakileng e ne e feta 70 000 bofelong ba 2022, keketseho ea hoo e ka bang 55% ha e bapisoa le 2021. Linaha tse nang le thepa e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea tjhaja e potlakileng ke Jeremane (ho feta 12 000), Fora (9 700) le Norway. (9 000).Ho na le tabatabelo e hlakileng ho pholletsa le European Union ea ho tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tsa ho tjhaja sechaba, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke tumellano ea nakoana mabapi le melaoana e reriloeng ea Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), e tla beha litlhoko tsa tšireletso ea ho tjhaja motlakase ho pholletsa le marang-rang a Europe (TEN). -T) pakeng tsa European Investment Bank le European Commission e tla etsa hore ho feta EUR 1.5 bilione ho elella bofelong ba 2023 bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mafura, ho kenyelletsa le ho tjhaja motlakase ka potlako.

United States e kentse lijaja tse potlakileng tse 6 300 ka 2022, hoo e ka bang kotara ea tsona e neng e le Tesla Supercharger.Palo eohle ea li-charger tse potlakileng li fihlile ho 28 000 qetellong ea 2022. Ho lebeletsoe hore ho romeloe ka potlako lilemong tse tlang ka mor'a tumello ea 'muso ea (NEVI).Libaka tsohle tsa Amerika, Washington DC, le Puerto Rico li nka karolo lenaneong lena, 'me li se li abetsoe chelete ea USD 885 milione bakeng sa 2023 ho ts'ehetsa ho aha lijaja sebakeng sa lik'hilomithara tse 122 000 tsa tsela e kholo.US Federal Highway Administration e phatlalalitse maemo a macha a naha bakeng sa litjhaja tsa EV tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke mmuso ho netefatsa botsitso, bots'epehi, phihlello le tšebelisano.ea litekanyetso tse ncha, Tesla e phatlalalitse hore e tla bula karolo ea eona ea Supercharger ea US (moo Supercharger e emelang 60% ea kakaretso ea thepa ea lichelete tse potlakileng United States) le Destination Charger marang-rang ho li-EV tseo e seng tsa Tesla.

Libaka tsa tefiso tsa sechaba li ntse li hlokahala le ho feta ho etsa hore EV e nkeloe ka bongata

Ho romelloa ha mekhoa ea litšebeletso tsa sechaba ka tebello ea kholo ea thekiso ea EV ho bohlokoa bakeng sa kamohelo e atileng ea EV.Ka mohlala, Norway, ho ne ho e-na le li-LDV tsa motlakase tsa betri tse 1.3 sebakeng se seng le se seng sa ho tjhaja sechaba ka 2011, tse tšehetsang ho amoheloa ho eketsehileng.Qetellong ea 2022, ho feta 17% ea li-LDV e le li-BEV, ho ne ho e-na le li-BEV tse 25 sebakeng se seng le se seng sa sechaba sa Norway.Ka kakaretso, ha karolo ea setoko ea li-LDV tsa motlakase oa betri e ntse e eketseha, ntlha ea ho tjhaja ka karolelano ea BEV ea fokotseha.Keketseho ea thekiso ea EV e ka ts'oaroa feela haeba tlhoko ea ho tjhaja e khotsofatsoa ke lisebelisoa tse fumanehang le tse theko e tlaase, ebang ke ka ho tjhaja poraefete malapeng kapa mosebetsing, kapa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse fumanehang phatlalatsa.

Karolelano ea li-LDV tsa motlakase ho tjhaja ea sechaba

Sebaka sa ho tjhaja sechaba ka karolelano ea betri-motlakase LDV linaheng tse khethiloeng khahlano le kabelo ea stock ea betri ea LDV ea motlakase

Le hoja li-PHEV li sa itšetlehe hakaalo ka litšebeletso tsa motheo tsa ho tjhaja sechaba ho feta li-BEV, ho etsa melaoana e amanang le boteng bo lekaneng ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ho lokela ho kenyelletsa (le ho khothaletsa) tefiso ea sechaba ea PHEV.Haeba ho nahanoa palo eohle ea li-LDV tsa motlakase sebakeng se seng le se seng sa ho tjhaja, karolelano ea lefats'e ka 2022 e ne e ka ba li-EV tse leshome tjhajang ka 'ngoe.Linaha tse kang China, Korea le Netherlands li bolokile li-EV tse ka tlase ho leshome ka tjhaja ho theosa le lilemo tse fetileng.Linaheng tse itšetlehileng haholo ka ho lefisa sechaba, palo ea litjhaja tse fihlellehang phatlalatsa e ntse e hola ka lebelo le ts'oanang haholo le phano ea EV.

Leha ho le joalo, limmarakeng tse ling tse khetholloang ke ho fumaneha ho pharaletseng ha tjhaja ea lehae (ka lebaka la karolo e phahameng ea malapa a malapa a le mong a nang le monyetla oa ho kenya tjhaja) palo ea li-EV ka ntlha ea ho tjhaja sechaba e ka ba e phahameng le ho feta.Ka mohlala, United States, karo-karolelano ea li-EV ka tjhaja ke 24, 'me Norway e feta 30. Ha ho kenella ha 'maraka oa li-EV ho ntse ho eketseha, tefiso ea sechaba e ba ea bohlokoa haholo, esita le linaheng tsena, ho tšehetsa ho amoheloa ha EV har'a bakhanni. ba se nang monyetla oa ho fumana mekhoa ea ho tjhaja lehae kapa mosebetsing.Leha ho le joalo, tekanyo e nepahetseng ea li-EV ka tjhaja e tla fapana ho latela maemo a lehae le litlhoko tsa mokhanni.

Mohlomong ntho ea bohlokoa ho feta palo ea litjhaja tsa sechaba tse fumanehang ke kakaretso ea matla a ho tjhaja sechaba ka EV ka 'ngoe, kaha tjhaja e potlakileng e ka fana ka li-EV tse ngata ho feta tjhaja e liehang.Mehatong ea pele ea ho amoheloa ha EV, hoa utloahala hore matla a teng a ho tjhaja EV ka 'ngoe a be holimo, ho nka hore ts'ebeliso ea tjhaja e tla ba tlase ho fihlela mmaraka o hola le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa motheo e sebetsa hantle haholoanyane.Tumellanong le sena, European Union's mabapi le AFIR e kenyelletsa litlhoko tsa kakaretso ea matla a matla a tla fanoa ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba likepe tse ngolisitsoeng.

Lefats'eng ka bophara, karolelano ea matla a ho tjhaja sechaba ka LDV ea motlakase e ka ba 2.4 kW ka EV.European Union, karo-karolelano e tlase, ka karolelano e ka bang 1.2 kW ka EV.Korea e na le karo-karolelano e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea 7 kW ho EV ka 'ngoe, leha boholo ba lichaja tsa sechaba (90%) li tjhaja butle.

Palo ea li-LDV tsa motlakase sebakeng se seng le se seng sa ho tjhaja sechaba le kW ka LDV ea motlakase, 2022

Bula

Nomoro ea li-LDV tsa motlakase sebakeng se seng sa ho tjhajakW ea ho tjhaja sechaba ka LDVs New ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanJapanEuropean UnionFranceMexicoBelgiumWorldItalyIndiaSouth AfricaChileGreeNetherlandsKorea081624324048566472808809610.4.472808809610.4. 66.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (axis e ka tlase)
• kW / EV (axis e holimo)

Libakeng tseo literaka tsa motlakase li ntseng li fumaneha khoebong, literaka tsa motlakase tsa betri li ka qothisana lehlokoa le TCO le literaka tse tloaelehileng tsa diesel bakeng sa mefuta e mengata e ntseng e eketseha ea ts'ebetso, eseng feela litoropong le tsa libaka, empa hape le likarolong tsa terekere ea libaka le libaka tse telele. .Mekhahlelo e meraro e khethollang nako eo ho fihleloang ka eona ke litefello;ditjeho tsa mafura le tsa tshebetso (mohlala, phapang pakeng tsa ditheko tsa diesel le tsa motlakase tseo boraditeraka ba tobaneng le tsona, le ditjeho tse fokotswang tsa tlhokomelo);le lithuso tsa CAPEX ho fokotsa lekhalo la theko ea pele ea theko ea koloi.Kaha literaka tsa motlakase li ka fana ka ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ka litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa bophelo bohle (ho kenyeletsoa haeba ho sebelisoa sekhahla se theotsoeng), moo beng ba likoloi ba lebelletseng ho khutlisa litšenyehelo tsa pele ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ea ho etsa qeto ea hore na ho reka teraka ea motlakase kapa e tloaelehileng.

Moruo oa literaka tsa motlakase lits'ebetsong tsa maeto a malelele a ka ntlafala haholo haeba litšenyehelo tsa ho tjhaja li ka fokotsoa ka ho eketsa "off-shift" (mohlala, bosiu kapa linako tse ling tse telele tsa nako e telele) ho tjhaja butle, ho boloka likonteraka tsa theko e ngata le basebetsi ba grid bakeng sa “mid-shift” (mohlala, nakong ya kgefutso), ho tjhaja kapele (ho fihla ho 350 kW), kapa ka lebelo le phahameng haholo (>350 kW), le ho hlahloba menyetla ya ho tjhaja ka bohlale le koloi ho ya ho gridi bakeng sa lekeno le eketsehileng.

Literaka tsa motlakase le libese li tla itšetleha ka ho tjhaja ha li-off-shift bakeng sa boholo ba matla a tsona.Sena se tla finyelloa haholo libakeng tsa polokelo tsa lichelete tsa poraefete kapa tse ikemetseng kapa liteisheneng tsa sechaba litseleng tse kholo, 'me hangata ka bosiu bo le bong.Litsi tsa polokelo bakeng sa tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea motlakase o boima li tla hloka ho ntlafatsoa, ​​'me maemong a mangata li ka hloka ntlafatso ea marang-rang le phetisetso.Ho ipapisitsoe le litlhoko tsa mefuta ea likoloi, ho tjhaja depo ho tla lekana ho koahela mesebetsi e mengata ea libese tsa litoropong hammoho le lits'ebetso tsa literaka tsa litoropong le tsa tikoloho.

Melao e laelang linako tsa ho phomola e ka boela ea fana ka fensetere ea nako bakeng sa ho tjhaja ha li-shift ha ho na le mekhoa ea ho tjhaja ka potlako kapa e potlakileng tseleng: European Union e hloka metsotso e 45 ea khefu ka mor'a lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 4.5 tsa ho khanna;United States e laela metsotso e 30 ka mor'a lihora tse 8.

Bongata ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako tse fumanehang khoebong (DC) hajoale li thusa maemo a matla ho tloha ho 250-350 kW.e fihletsoeng ke Lekhotla la Europe le Paramente e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea butle-butle ea ho tsamaisoa ha mekhoa ea motheo bakeng sa likoloi tse boima ba motlakase ho qala ka 2025. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa litlhoko tsa matla bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea literaka tsa libaka le tse telele ho US le Europe li fumana hore matla a ho tjhaja a phahametse 350 kW. , 'me e ka holimo ho 1 MW, e ka' na ea hlokoa ho nchafatsa literaka tsa motlakase ka botlalo nakong ea khefu ea metsotso e 30 ho isa ho e 45.

Ka ho hlokomela tlhokahalo ea ho eketsa ho tjhaja ka potlako kapa ka potlako e le ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa hore ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea tekheniki le moruo e atlehe, ka 2022 Traton, Volvo, le Daimler ba thehile khoebo e kopanetsoeng e ikemetseng, Ka EUR 500. milione ka matsete a kopanetsweng ho tswa dihlopheng tse tharo tsa mesebetsi e boima, morero ona o ikemiseditse ho romela dibaka tsa ho tjhafisa tse fetang 1 700 (300 ho isa ho 350 kW) le tse potlakileng haholo (1 MW) ho phatlalla le Yuropa.

Ho ntse ho sebelisoa litekanyetso tsa ho tjhaja tse ngata, 'me lintlha tsa tekheniki tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako li ntse li ntlafatsoa.Ho netefatsa hore maemo a ho tjhaja a kopane le ho sebedisana bakeng sa di-EV tsa mosebetsi o boima ho tla hlokeha ho qoba ditjeho, ho se sebetse hantle, le diphephetso bakeng sa barekisi ba makoloi le basebetsi ba matjhaba tse tla thehwa ke bahlahisi ba latelang ditsela tse fapaneng.

Naheng ea Chaena, basebetsi-'moho le Lekhotla la Motlakase la China le "ultra ChaoJi" ea CHAdeMO ba ntse ba hlahisa maemo a ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase tse sebetsang ka thata ho fihla ho li-megawate tse 'maloa.Europe le United States, litlhaloso tsa CharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), e nang le matla a phahameng a ka bang teng a.li tlas'a nts'etsopele ke Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Boemo (ISO) le mekhatlo e meng.Litlhaloso tsa ho qetela tsa MCS, tse tla hlokahala bakeng sa ho qala khoebo, li lebeletsoe bakeng sa 2024. Ka mor'a sebaka sa pele sa ho tjhaja megawate se fanoeng ke Daimler Trucks le Portland General Electric (PGE) ka 2021, hammoho le matsete le merero ea Austria, Sweden. , Spain le United Kingdom.

Ho rekisoa ha lichaja tse nang le matla a lekantsoeng a 1 MW ho tla hloka matsete a bohlokoa, kaha liteishene tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng joalo tsa motlakase li tla ba le litšenyehelo tse kholo ho kenyeng le ho ntlafatsoa ha marang-rang.Ho nchafatsa mekhoa ea khoebo ea ts'ebeliso ea motlakase ea sechaba le melaoana ea lekala la matla, ho hokahanya moralo ho bohle ba amehang le ho tjhaja ka bohlale ho ka thusa Ts'ehetso e otlolohileng ka merero ea liteko le likhothaletso tsa lichelete le tsona li ka potlakisa pontšo le ho amoheloa ha maemo a pele.Phuputso ea morao tjena e fana ka maikutlo a bohlokoa a moralo bakeng sa ho theha liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa MCS:

• Ho rera liteishene tsa ho tjhaja libakeng tsa depo tsa litsela tse kholo tse haufi le lithapo tsa phetiso le liteishene e ka ba tharollo e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho eketsa tšebeliso ea tjhaja.
• Likhokahano tsa "saese e nepahetseng" tse nang le likhokahano tse tobileng ho lithapo tsa phetisetso qalong, ka hona ho lebelloa litlhoko tsa matla tsa sistimi eo likarolo tse phahameng tsa mesebetsi ea thepa li kentsoeng motlakase, ho fapana le ho ntlafatsa marang-rang a phepelo ka nako e khuts'oane le ea nako e khuts'oane. motheo, e tla ba bohlokoa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.Sena se tla hloka moralo o hlophisitsoeng le o hokahaneng pakeng tsa basebetsi ba marang-rang le bahlahisi ba meralo ea motheo ba lefisang mafapha ho pholletsa le makala.
• Kaha likhokahano tsa sistimi ea phetisetso le ntlafatso ea grid li ka nka lilemo tse 4-8, ho lula le ho aha liteishene tse tlang pele ho tjhaja ho tla hloka ho qala kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Litharollo li kenyelletsa ho kenya polokelo e sa sebetseng le ho kopanya bokhoni bo ka nchafatsoang sebakeng seo, ho kopantsoe le ho tjhaja ka bohlale, ho ka thusang ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka bobeli tsa meralo e amanang le khokahano ea marang-rang le litšenyehelo tsa theko ea motlakase (mohlala, ka ho nolofalletsa batsamaisi ba literaka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka ho feto-fetoha ha litheko letsatsi lohle, ho nka monyetla. ea menyetla ea koloi ho ea ho grid, joalo-joalo).

Likhetho tse ling tsa ho fana ka matla ho likoloi tse boima ba motlakase (HDVs) ke ho fapanyetsana ha betri le mekhoa ea litsela tsa motlakase.Litsamaiso tsa litsela tsa motlakase li ka fetisetsa matla ho teraka ebang ke ka likhoele tsa inductive tseleng, kapa ka likhokahano tsa conductive lipakeng tsa koloi le tsela, kapa ka lithapo tsa catenary (overhead).Likarolo le likhetho tse ling tse matla tsa ho tjhaja li kanna tsa ba le ts'episo ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa boemo ba yunivesithi phetohong ea literaka tsa libaka le tse tsamaeang ka nako e telele, tse phethelang hantle ho latela kakaretso ea chelete le litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso.Li ka boela tsa thusa ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa matla a betri.Tlhokahalo ea betri e ka fokotseha le ho feta, 'me ts'ebeliso ea ntlafatsoa le ho feta, haeba litsamaiso tsa litsela tsa motlakase li etselitsoe hore li se ke tsa tsamaisana le literaka feela empa le likoloi tsa motlakase.Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e joalo e tla hloka meralo e matla kapa e tseleng e tlang le litšitiso tse kholo mabapi le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji le moralo, 'me e hloka chelete e ngata.Ka nako e ts'oanang, litsamaiso tsa litsela tsa motlakase li baka liphephetso tse kholo tse ts'oanang le tsa lekala la literene, ho kenyeletsoa tlhoko e kholo ea ho beoa ha litsela le likoloi (joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ka literempe le libese tsa trolley), ho lumellana ho tšela meeli bakeng sa maeto a malelele, le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng. mehlala ea beng.Ba fana ka phetoho e fokolang bakeng sa beng ba literaka mabapi le litsela le mefuta ea likoloi, 'me ba na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ntlafatso ka kakaretso, tsohle tse amang tlhōlisano ea bona ho latela liteishene tse tloaelehileng tsa ho tjhaja.Ha ho nahanoa ka liphephetso tsena, litsamaiso tse joalo li tla romelloa ka mokhoa o atlehileng pele liphasejeng tsa thepa tse sebelisoang haholo, e leng se neng se tla kenyelletsa tšebelisano e haufi ho pholletsa le bankakarolo ba fapaneng ba sechaba le ba poraefete.Lipontšo litseleng tsa sechaba ho tla fihlela joale Jeremane le Sweden li itšetlehile ka libapali tse tsoang mekhatlong e ikemetseng le ea sechaba.Lipitso tsa bakhanni ba tsamaiso ea litsela tsa motlakase li boetse li nahanoa Chaena, India, UK le United States.

Litlhoko tsa ho lefisa likoloi tse boima

Tlhahlobo ea Lekhotla la Machaba la Lipalangoang tse Hloekileng (ICCT) e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho fapanyetsana ha betri bakeng sa mabili a mabeli a motlakase litšebeletsong tsa tekesi (mohlala, litekesi tsa libaesekele) ho fana ka TCO e hlolisang ka ho fetisisa ha e bapisoa le ho tjhaja BEV kapa ICE ea mabili a mabeli.Tabeng ea ho fana ka sebaka sa ho qetela ka mabili a mabeli, ho tjhaja lintlha hona joale ho na le molemo oa TCO ho feta ho fapanyetsana ha betri, empa ka khothatso e nepahetseng ea leano le tekanyo, ho fapanyetsana ho ka fetoha khetho e sebetsang tlas'a maemo a itseng.Ka kakaretso, ha sebaka se tsamaeang letsatsi le letsatsi se ntse se eketseha, betri ea mabili a mabeli e tsamaeang le betri e fetoha e theko e boima ho feta ho tjhaja lintlha kapa likoloi tsa peterole.Ka 2021, TheSwappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium e thehiloe ka sepheo sa ho thusa ho fapanyetsana ha betri ea likoloi tse boima bo bobebe, ho kenyeletsoa mabili a mabeli / a mararo, ka ho sebetsa 'moho mabapi le lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa betri.

Ho feto-fetoha ha betri ea mabili a mabeli / a mararo ho ntse ho eketseha haholo India.Hajoale ho na le lik'hamphani tse fetang leshome tse fapaneng 'marakeng oa India, ho kenyeletsoa Gogoro, sethuthuthu sa motlakase sa China se thehiloeng Taipei le moetapele oa theknoloji ea ho fapanyetsana betri.Gogoro e re libeteri tsa eona li na le matla a 90% a li-scooters tsa motlakase Chaena Taipei, 'me marang-rang a Gogoro a na le liteishene tse fetang 12 000 tse fetolang libeteri ho tšehetsa likoloi tse fetang 500 000 tsa motlakase ho pholletsa le linaha tse robong, haholo-holo sebakeng sa Asia Pacific. tšebelisano 'moho le Zypp Electric e thehiloeng India, e tsamaisang sethala sa EV-as-a-service bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa ha lik'hilomithara tsa ho qetela;hammoho, ba romela liteishene tse 6 tsa ho fapanyetsana libeteri le li-wheelchair tse 100 tsa motlakase e le karolo ea morero oa teko bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho fana ka khoebo ea lik'hilomithara tsa ho qetela motseng oa Delhi.Qalong ea 2023, ba ile ba phahamisa, eo ba tla e sebelisa ho atolosa likepe tsa bona ho 200 000 tsa mabili a mabeli a motlakase ho pholletsa le metse e 30 ea India ka 2025. Sun Mobility e na le histori e telele ea ho fapanyetsana ha betri India, ka liteishene tse fapanyetsanoang ho pholletsa le naha. bakeng sa mabili a mabeli le a mararo a motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa li-rickshaw, le balekane ba kang Amazon India.Thailand e boetse e bona lits'ebeletso tsa phapanyetsano ea betri bakeng sa litekesi tsa lithuthuthu le bakhanni ba lipalangoang.

Le hoja ho atile haholo Asia, ho fapanyetsana ha betri bakeng sa mabili a mabeli a motlakase le hona ho namela Afrika.Mohlala, ho qala lithuthuthu tsa motlakase tsa Rwanda ho sebetsa liteishene tsa ho fapanyetsana ka libeteri, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho sebeletseng litekesi tsa lithuthuthu tse hlokang maeto a malelele a letsatsi le letsatsi.Ampersand e hahile liteishene tse leshome tse fetolang libeteri Kigali le tse tharo Nairobi, Kenya.Liteishene tsena li sebetsa hoo e ka bang ho 37 000 ka ho fapanyetsana ha betri ka khoeli.

Ho fapanyetsana ha betri bakeng sa mabili a mabeli / a mararo ho fana ka melemo ea litšenyehelo

Bakeng sa literaka ka ho khetheha, ho chencha betri ho ka ba le melemo e meholo ho feta ho tjhaja ka potlako.Taba ea pele, ho fapanyetsana ho ka nka hanyenyane, ho ka bang thata le ho bitsa chelete e ngata ho finyelloa ka ho tjhaja ka thapo, ho hloka tjhaja e potlakileng haholo e hokeletsoeng ho li-grids tse nang le matla a mahareng ho isa ho a phahameng le sistimi e turang ea taolo ea betri le lik'hemik'hale tsa betri.Ho qoba ho tjhaja kapele haholo ho ka eketsa matla a betri, tshebetso le bophelo ba potoloho.

Battery-as-a-service (BaaS), ho arola theko ea teraka le betri, le ho theha konteraka ea khiro bakeng sa betri, e fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa theko ea pele.Ho feta moo, kaha literaka li atisa ho itšetleha ka lik'hemik'hale tsa betri tsa lithium iron phosphate (LFP), tse tšoarellang ho feta libeteri tsa lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), li loketse hantle bakeng sa ho fapanyetsana ho latela polokeho le ho khoneha.

Leha ho le joalo, litšenyehelo tsa ho haha ​​​​seteishene li kanna tsa ba holimo bakeng sa ho fapanyetsana ha betri ea teraka ho latela boholo ba koloi e kholoanyane le libeteri tse boima, tse hlokang sebaka se eketsehileng le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho etsa phapanyetsano.Tšitiso e 'ngoe e kholo ke tlhokahalo ea hore libeteri li behoe ho lekana le boholo le bokhoni bo fanoeng, tseo li-OEM tsa literaka li ka 'nang tsa li nka e le phephetso ea tlholisano kaha moralo le bokhoni ba betri ke khetho e ka sehloohong har'a baetsi ba literaka tsa motlakase.

China e ka pele-pele ho fapanyetsana ha libeteri bakeng sa literaka ka lebaka la ts'ehetso e kholo ea leano le ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji e etselitsoeng ho tlatsana le ho tjhaja lithapo.Ka 2021, MIIT ea China e phatlalalitse hore litoropo tse 'maloa li tla leka theknoloji ea ho swapping ea betri, ho kenyeletsoa le phetoho ea betri ea HDV metseng e meraro.Hoo e ka bang bohle ba ka sehloohong ba etsang literaka tse boima tsa Chaena, ho kenyeletsoa FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, le SAIC.

China e ka pele-pele tabeng ea ho fapanyetsana libeteri bakeng sa literaka

China e boetse e le moetapele oa ho fapanyetsana betri bakeng sa likoloi tsa baeti.Ho pholletsa le mekhoa eohle, palo eohle ea liteishene tsa ho chencha betri Chaena e ile ea ema hoo e ka bang qetellong ea 2022, 50% e phahameng ho feta qetellong ea 2021. NIO, e hlahisang likoloi tse khonang ho chencha betri le liteishene tse tšehetsang, li sebetsa ho feta Chaena, ho tlaleha hore marang-rang a koahela karolo e fetang peli ho tse tharo ea naha ea China.Halofo ya diteishene tsa bona tsa ho fapanyetsana di kentswe ka 2022, mme khamphani e ipehetse pakane ya diteishene tse 4 000 tsa ho fapanyetsana ka dibetri lefatsheng ka bophara ka 2025. Khampani diteishene tsa bona tsa ho fapanyetsana di ka etsa diswaps tse fetang 300 ka letsatsi, tsa tjhaja dibetri tse 13 ka nako e le nngwe ka matla a 20-80 kW.

NIO e boetse e phatlalalitse merero ea ho haha ​​​​liteishene tsa ho fetola betri Europe ha mefuta ea bona ea likoloi e khonang ho fetola betri e ntse e fumaneha limmarakeng tsa Europe ho elella bofelong ba 2022. Seteishene sa pele sa ho fetola betri sa NIO naheng ea Sweden se ile sa buloa 'me qetellong ea 2022, NIO e leshome. liteishene tsa ho fapanyetsana ka betri li ne li butsoe ho pholletsa le Norway, Jeremane, Sweden le Netherlands.Ho fapana le NIO, eo liteishene tsa eona tsa ho fapanyetsana li sebeletsang likoloi tsa NIO, liteishene tsa China tse tsamaisang libeteri tsa Aulton li tšehetsa mefuta e 30 ea lik'hamphani tse 16 tse fapaneng tsa makoloi.

Ho fapanyetsana ha betri e ka boela ea e-ba khetho e ntle haholo bakeng sa likepe tsa litekesi tsa LDV, tseo ts'ebetso ea tsona e leng bonolo ho feta linako tsa ho tjhaja ho feta likoloi tsa motho.US qala Ample hajoale e sebetsa liteishene tse 12 tsa ho chencha libeteri sebakeng sa San Francisco Bay, haholo-holo e sebeletsa likoloi tsa Uber rideshare.

China e boetse e le moetapele oa ho fapanyetsana betri bakeng sa likoloi tsa baeti

Litšupiso

Lichaja tse liehang li na le matla a ka tlase ho kapa a lekanang le 22 kW.Li-charger tse potlakileng ke tse nang le matla a ho feta 22 kW le ho fihla ho 350 kW."Lintlha tsa ho tjhaja" le "li-charger" li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng 'me li bua ka li-sockets tsa motho ka mong, tse bontšang palo ea li-EV tse ka lefisang ka nako e le' ngoe.''Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja” li ka ba le libaka tse ngata tsa ho tjhaja.

Pele e ne e le taelo, AFIR e reriloeng, ha e se e amohetsoe ka molao, e ne e tla fetoha ketso ea molao e tlamang, e hlalosang, har'a tse ling, sebaka se seholo pakeng tsa lijaja tse kentsoeng haufi le TEN-T, litsela tsa mathomo le tsa bobeli ka hare ho European Union.

Litharollo tsa inductive li tsoa ho khoebo le ho tobana le mathata a ho fana ka matla a lekaneng ka lebelo la litsela tse kholo.