Ko Tesla NACS ichabatanidza North America yekuchaja maficha?

Ko Tesla ichabatanidza North America yekuchaja nzvimbo dzekuchaja?

Mumazuva mashoma, North America yekuchaja interface zviyero zvave kutochinja.
Musi waChivabvu 23, 2023, Ford yakaerekana yazivisa kuti ichawana zvizere zviteshi zvekuchaja zveTesla uye ichatanga kutumira maadapter ekubatanidza kuTesla kuchaja majoini kune varidzi veFord varipo kutanga gore rinouya, uyezve mune ramangwana. Mota dzemagetsi dzeFord dzinoshandisa zvakananga Tesla's kuchaja interface, iyo inobvisa kudiwa kwemaadapter uye inogona kushandisa zvakananga ese Tesla kuchaja network kuUnited States.

Masvondo maviri gare gare, muna Chikumi 8, 2023, General Motors CEO Barra naMusk vakazivisa pamusangano weTwitter Spaces kuti General Motors yaizotora chiyero chaTesla, iyo NACS standard (Tesla inodaidzira yayo yekuchaja yekuchaja North American Charging Standard (NACS kwenguva pfupi), yakafanana. kuFord, GM yakaitawo shanduko yekuchaja iyi mumatanho maviri Kutanga mukutanga kwa2024, maadapter achapihwa varidzi vemotokari yemagetsi eGM, uyezve kutanga muna 2025, mota dzemagetsi dzeGM dzichange dzakashongedzerwa neNACS yekuchaja nzira. pamotokari.

Izvi zvinogona kunzi kurova kukuru kune mamwe ekuchajisa interface zviyero (kunyanya CCS) anga ari mumusika wekuNorth America. Kunyangwe makambani matatu emotokari chete, Tesla, Ford neGeneral Motors, akabatana neNACS interface standard, tichifunga kubva pahuwandu hwekutengesa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye musika wekuchaja wekuchaja muUnited States muna 2022, ishoma nhamba yevanhu vanogara ruzhinji rwemusika: idzi 3 Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi emakambani aya kunodarika makumi matanhatu muzana ekutengesa kwemotokari yemagetsi ekuUS, uye Tesla's NACS yekuchaja inokurumidza kuverengera ingangoita 60% yemusika weUS.

2. Hondo yepasi rose pamusoro pekuchaja nzvimbo
Pamusoro pekudzikisira kwekufamba, iko kurerukirwa uye kumhanya kwekuchaja zvakare chipingamupinyi chikuru pakuzivikanwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Zvakare, pamusoro peiyo tekinoroji pachayo, kusawirirana mukuchaja zviyero pakati penyika nematunhu kunoitawo kuti kusimudzira kweindasitiri yekuchaja kunonoke uye kudhure.
Parizvino kune mashanu makuru ekuchajisa mashandisirwo emhando munyika: CCS1 (CCS=Combined Charging System) muNorth America, CCS2 muEurope, GB/T muChina, CHAdeMO muJapan, uye NACS yakatsaurirwa kuna Tesla.

Pakati pavo, Tesla chete ndiye agara achibatanidza AC neDC, nepo mamwe aine akasiyana AC (AC) yekuchaja maficha uye DC (DC) yekuchaja nzvimbo.
KuNorth America, CCS1 uye Tesla's NACS yekuchaja zviyero pari zvino ndiyo mikuru. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pakanga paine makwikwi anotyisa pakati peCCS1 neJapan CHAdeMO standard. Nekudaro, nekudonha kwemakambani eJapan munzira yemagetsi yakachena mumakore achangopfuura, kunyanya kuderera kweNissan Leaf, shasha yakapfuura yemagetsi yekutengesa muNorth America, mamodheru akazotevera Ariya akachinja kuenda kuCCS1, uye CHAdeMO yakakundwa muNorth America. .
Makambani akawanda makuru emotokari dzeEurope akasarudza iyo CCS2 standard. China ine yayo yekuchaja yakajairwa GB/T (ikozvino ichisimudzira chizvarwa chinotevera super kuchaja standard ChaoJi), nepo Japan ichiri kushandisa CHAdeMO.
Iyo CCS chiyero inotorwa kubva kuDC inokurumidza yakasanganiswa yekuchaja system combo standard yakavakirwa paSAE chiyero cheSosaiti yeMotokari Engineers uye chiyero cheACEA cheEuropean Automotive Industry Association. I "Fast Charging Association" yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo pa26th World Electric Vehicle Conference muLos Angeles, USA muna 2012. Mugore rimwe chete, makambani masere makuru emotokari eAmerica neGermany anosanganisira Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche naChrysler vakagadzira yakabatana Iyo yemagetsi mota yekukurumidza kuchaja standard yakapa chirevo uye gare gare yakazivisa kukwidziridzwa kwakabatana kweCCS standard. Yakakurumidza kuzivikanwa neAmerican neGerman mota indasitiri masangano.
Kuenzaniswa neCCS1, zvakanakira Tesla's NACS ndezvi: (1) yakanyanya kujeka, plug diki inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekunonoka kuchaja uye nekukurumidza kuchaja, nepo CCS1 neCHAdeMO zvakanyanya kuwanda; (2) mota dzese dzeNACS dzese dzinotsigira data protocol kubata plug-uye-kutamba kubhadharisa. Chero ani zvake anotyaira motokari yemagetsi mumugwagwa mukuru anofanira kuziva izvi. Kuti ubhadhare, unogona kudhawunirodha akati wandei uye wobva watarisa iyo QR kodhi kuti ubhadhare. Zvakaoma zvikuru. inconvenient. Kana iwe uchikwanisa plug uye kutamba uye bhiri, chiitiko chichava nani zvakanyanya. Basa iri parizvino rinotsigirwa nemhando shoma dzeCCS. (3) Tesla yakakura yekuchaja network dhizaini inopa varidzi vemotokari kurerukirwa kukuru mukushandisa mota dzavo. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe CCS1 ekuchaja mapairi, kuvimbika kweTesla kuchaja mapairi kwakakwira uye ruzivo rwuri nani. kugona.

Kuenzanisa kweTesla NACS yekuchaja standard uye CCS1 yekuchaja standard
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko wekukurumidza kuchaja. Kune vashandisi veNorth America vanongoda kunonoka kuchaja, iyo J1772 yekuchaja standard inoshandiswa. Vese Teslas vanouya neadapter iri nyore inovatendera kushandisa J1772. Varidzi veTesla vanowanzoisa majaja eNACS kumba, ayo akachipa.
Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, dzakaita semahotera, Tesla ichagovera NACS inononoka charger kumahotera; kana Tesla NACS ikava chiyero, ipapo J1772 iripo ichave yakashongedzerwa neadapter yekuchinjisa kuNACS.
3. Standard VS vakawanda vashandisi
Kusiyana neChina, iyo ine mubatanidzwa wenyika zvinodiwa, kunyangwe CCS1 iri chiyero chekuchaja muNorth America, nekuda kwekutanga kuvaka uye nhamba huru yeTesla yekuchaja network, izvi zvakagadzira mamiriro anonakidza muNorth America, kureva: mazhinji Iyo CCS1 chiyero chinotsigirwa nemabhizinesi (anenge ese makambani kunze kweTesla) ari mashoma; pachinzvimbo cheiyo Tesla yekuchaja interface, inonyatso kushandiswa nevazhinji vashandisi.
Dambudziko nekusimudzira kweTesla yekuchaja interface nderekuti haisi chiyero chakapihwa kana kucherechedzwa nechero standards sangano, nekuti kuti ive chiyero, inofanirwa kupfuura nematanho akakodzera esangano rekusimudzira zviyero. Ingori mhinduro yeTesla pachayo, uye inonyanya Kuri muNorth America (uye mamwe misika yakaita seJapan neSouth Korea).
Pakutanga, Tesla yakazivisa kuti yaizopa marezenisi emvumo yayo "yemahara" asi paine mamwe mamiriro akasungirirwa, chipo icho vashoma vakatora. Zvino sezvo Tesla yakavhura zvizere tekinoroji yayo yekuchaja uye zvigadzirwa, vanhu vanogona kuishandisa pasina mvumo yekambani. Kune rimwe divi, maererano nehuwandu hwemusika weNorth America, Tesla yekuchaja murwi / chiteshi mutengo wekuvaka unongoita 1/5 yechiyero, izvo zvinopa iyo yakakura mutengo mukana kana uchisimudzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, Chikumi 9, 2023, ndiko kuti, mushure mekunge Ford neGeneral Motors vabatana neTesla NACS, White House yakaburitsa nhau dzekuti Tesla's NACS ingangowanawo mirwi yekuchaja kubva kuBiden manejimendi. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Tesla akanga asina kukodzera.
Iyi nhanho yemakambani eAmerica nehurumende inonzwa senge kuisa makambani ekuEurope papeji imwe chete. Kana Tesla's NACS standard inogona kupedzisira yabatanidza musika wekuNorth America, ipapo miitiro yekuchaja yepasi rose inoumba mamiriro matsva emativi matatu: China's GB/T, Europe's CCS2, uye Tesla NACS.

Nguva pfupi yadarika, Nissan yakazivisa chibvumirano neTesla kutora North American Charging Standard (NACS) kutanga muna 2025, nechinangwa chekupa varidzi veNissan dzimwe sarudzo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi. Mumwedzi miviri chete, vanomwe vanogadzira mota, kusanganisira Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, uye Mercedes-Benz, vakazivisa kubhadharisa zvibvumirano naTesla. Uye zvakare, mukati mezuva rimwe chete, vana vekumhiri kwemakungwa vachichaja network vanoshanda uye vanopa masevhisi panguva imwe chete vakazivisa kutorwa kweTesla NACS standard. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

Tesla ine mukana wekubatanidza zviyero zvekuchaja mumisika yeEurope neAmerica.

Parizvino pane maseti mana ezviyero zvekuchaja pamusika, zvinoti: Japanese CHAdeMo standard, Chinese GB/T standard, European and American CCS1/2 standard, uye Tesla's NACS standard. Sezvinongoita mhepo dzinosiyana kubva pakiromita kuenda kumaira uye tsika dzinosiyana kubva pamamaira kuenda pakiromita, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchaja protocol miyero ndeimwe ye "zvigumbuso" kukuwedzera kwepasirese kwemotokari dzesimba idzva.

Sezvatinoziva tese, dhora rekuAmerica ndiro mari yepasi rose, saka "yakaoma". Tichifunga izvi, Musk akaunganidzawo mutambo muhombe mukuyedza kutonga chiyero chekuchaja chepasirese. Pakupera kwa2022, Tesla yakazivisa kuti ichavhura iyo NACS standard, kuburitsa yayo yekuchaja yekubatanidza dhizaini patent, uye kukoka mamwe makambani emotokari kuti atore iyo NACS yekuchaja interface mumotokari dzakagadzirwa-zhinji. Zvadaro, Tesla akazivisa kuvhurwa kweiyo supercharging network. Tesla ine inotungamira inokurumidza-kuchaja network muUnited States, inosanganisira ingangoita 1,600 supercharging zviteshi uye anopfuura zviuru gumi nezvinomwe,000 yekuchaja mirwi. Kuwana Tesla's supercharging network inogona kuchengetedza mari yakawanda mukuvaka inozvivaka yekuchaja network. Kubva pari zvino, Tesla yakavhura network yayo yekuchaja kune mamwe mhando dzemotokari munyika gumi nemasere nematunhu.

Ehe, Musk haazoregi kuenda kuChina, musika mukuru wepasi rose wemotokari yemagetsi. Muna Kubvumbi gore rino, Tesla akazivisa kuvhurwa kwemutyairi wetiweki yekuchaja muChina. Boka rekutanga rekuvhurwa kwevatyairi vezviteshi gumi zvekuchaja ndeye makumi matatu nemanomwe asiri eTesla modhi, anofukidza akawanda akakurumbira mamodhi pasi pemhando dzakadai seBYD uye "Wei Xiaoli". Mune ramangwana, iyo Tesla yekuchaja network ichaiswa pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura uye huwandu hwemasevhisi emhando dzakasiyana uye mamodheru acharamba achiwedzerwa.

Muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, nyika yangu yakatengesa kunze kwe534,000 motokari itsva dzemagetsi, gore negore kuwedzera kwe1.6 nguva, zvichiita kuti ive nhamba yenyika imwe maererano nekutengesa kunze kwekutengesa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi. Mumusika weChinese, masimba matsva ane chekuita nemagetsi akagadzirwa kare uye indasitiri yakagadziridzwa kare. Iyo GB/T 2015 yekuchaja chiyero chenyika yakabatanidzwa seyero. Nekudaro, yekuchajisa kusawirirana kuchiri kuoneka pahuwandu hukuru hwemotokari dzinotengeswa kunze uye kunze kwenyika. Paive nenhau dzekutanga dzekuti hazvienderane neyakajairwa yekuchaja interface. Varidzi vemotokari vanogona kungochaja pamirwi yakakosha yekuchaja. Kana vachida kushandisa nyika chiyero chekuchaja mirwi, vanoda yakakosha adapta. (Mupepeti akashaya zvekuita asi kufunga nezvezvimwe midziyo yaitengwa kubva kunze kwenyika yaishandiswa kumba ndichiri mudiki. Pasokisi paivewo neshandurudzo. Shanduro dzeEuropean neAmerica dzaive dzavhiringika. Ndikakanganwa rimwe zuva, muparadzi anogona rwendo .

Pamusoro pezvo, miitiro yekuchaja yeChina yakagadziridzwa kare (zvichida nekuti hapana aitarisira kuti mota nyowani dzesimba dzinogona kukurumidza kudaro), simba renyika rekuchaja rinoiswa padanho rekuchengetedza - iyo yakanyanya voltage i950v, iyo yakanyanya ikozvino 250A, izvo zvinoita kuti simba rayo repamusoro-soro rive risingasviki 250kW. Kusiyana neizvi, muyero weNACS unodzorwa naTesla mumusika wekuNorth America hauna chete plug diki yekuchaja, asi zvakare unobatanidza DC/AC kuchaja, nekuchajisa kunosvika 350kW.

Nekudaro, semutambi anotungamira mumotokari nyowani dzesimba, kuitira kubvumidza zviyero zveChinese "kuenda pasi rose", China, Japan neGermany vakabatana vakagadzira chiyero chitsva chekuchaja "ChaoJi". Muna 2020, CHAdeMO yekuJapan yakaburitsa CHAdeMO3.0 standard uye yakazivisa kutorwa kweChaoJi interface. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) yakatorawo mhinduro yeChaoJi.

Zvinoenderana nekufamba kwazvino, iyo ChaoJi interface uye Tesla NACS interface inogona kutarisana nemusoro-kune-musoro kutarisana mune ramangwana, uye imwe chete yadzo inogona kupedzisira yave "Type-C interface" mumunda wemagetsi matsva emagetsi. Nekudaro, sezvo makambani emotokari akawanda achisarudza nzira ye "join kana usingakwanise kuikunda", kufarirwa kwazvino kweTesla's NACS interface kwapfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanhu. Pamwe hapasisina nguva yakawanda yasara yeChaoJi?