Ndezvipi Zvikamu Zvikuru zveEV Charger

Nhanganyaya

Motokari dzemagetsi (EVs) dzave kuwedzera mukurumbira nekuda kwehushamwari hwavo hwezvakatipoteredza uye kudhura-kushanda pamusoro pemafuta anoshandiswa. Nekudaro, kuchengetedza maEV achimhanya, varidzi veEV vanofanirwa kuvabhadharisa nguva nenguva. Apa ndipo panopinda maEV charger. EV charger midziyo inopa simba remagetsi kuchajazve mabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nekunzwisisa kwekutanga kwezvikamu zvavo kuti unzwisise mashandiro eEV majaja. Mune ino blog, isu tichaongorora zvakakosha zvikamu zveEV majaja uye kukosha kwawo mumagetsi emagetsi kuchaja maitiro.

Tsanangudzo Pfupi yeEV Charger

EV majaja midziyo inopa magetsi kumabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi. Ivo vanouya mumhando dzakasiyana, kusanganisira level 1, level 2, uye level 3 majaja. Level 1 majaja emotokari yemagetsi ndiwo anononoka zvakanyanya, anopa kusvika ku120 volts emagetsi ekuchinjanisa azvino (AC) uye anosvika 2.4 kilowatts (kW). Level 2 majaja ari kukurumidza, achipa anosvika 240 volts e AC simba uye 19 kW. Level 3 majaja, anozivikanwawo seDC anokurumidza machaja, ndiwo anokurumidza, anopa anosvika mazana mana nemakumi masere volts emagetsi akananga (DC) simba uye anosvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emagetsi. DC inokurumidza majaja anowanzo shandiswa kune zvekutengesa zvikumbiro uye anogona kupa kubhadharisa kuzere kuEV mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu.

Kukosha Kwekunzwisisa Izvo Zvikamu Zvikuru zveEV Charger

Kunzwisisa izvo zvakakosha zveEV majaja kwakakosha kune zvikonzero zvakati wandei. Chekutanga, inobvumira varidzi veEV kuti vasarudze iyo chaiyo mhando yechaja yemota yavo uye yekuchaja zvavanoda. Uyezve, ivo vanogona kuita sarudzo dzine chekuita nechivimbo maererano neanonyanya kuvimbika emagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira michina yekugadzira. Iyo zvakare inogonesa varidzi veEV kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchaja uye kuita kwakakosha charger kugadzirisa.

Chekupedzisira, kunzwisisa izvo zvakakosha zveEV charger zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nzira yekuchaja. Nekuziva mashandiro anoita EV majaja, varidzi veEV vanogona kutora matanho anodiwa kudzivirira njodzi dzemagetsi uye kuona kuti nzira yekuchaja yakachengeteka uye inoshanda.

Magetsi

Iyo magetsi ndiyo imwe yezvikamu zvikuru zveEV charger. Inoshandura giredhi yeAC kana DC simba remagetsi kuita voltage rakakodzera uye razvino kuchaja bhatiri reEV. Chikamu chekupa magetsi chinowanzo kuve neshanduko, rectifier, uye control circuitry.

Mhando dzeMagetsi eMagetsi

EV majaja anoshandisa maviri makuru marudzi emagetsi emagetsi: AC uye DC. Level 1 uye level 2 majaja anoshandisa magetsi eAC, uye anoshandura simba re AC kubva pagridi kuenda kune rakakodzera voltage uye ikozvino inodiwa kuchaja bhatiri reEV. Ukuwo, level 3 majaja anoshandisa magetsi eDC, uye anoshandura iyo high-voltage DC simba kubva pagridi kuita voltage yakakodzera uye ikozvino inodiwa kuchaja bhatiri reEV.

Kukosha Kwekupa Masimba Kuchaja Yekumhanya uye Nekuita

Iyo magetsi chinhu chakakosha cheEV majaja, sezvo ichitarisa kumhanya kwekuchaja uye kushanda nesimba. Inogona kuchaja EV nekukurumidza kana iine simba rakakwana, nepo magetsi asina simba anogona kukonzera kunonoka kuchaja nguva. Pamusoro pezvo, magetsi emhando yepamusoro anogona kuvandudza kushanda kwemaitiro ekuchaja, kuve nechokwadi chekuti inochengetedza simba uye kuti nzira yekuchaja inodhura sezvinobvira. Kunzwisisa chikamu ichi cheEV majaja kwakakosha pakusarudza yakakodzera charger yeEV uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuchaja kunoshanda uye kunoshanda.

Connector

Iyo yekubatanidza ine plug, iyo inopinda mumotokari yemagetsi inopinza, uye socket. Plugi nesoketi zvine mapini anoenderana uye anobatana kuti agadzire dunhu remagetsi. Aya mapini anogona kubata huwandu hweakakwirira mafungu uye voltages pasina kuwandisa kana kukonzera magetsi arcing.

Mhando dzezvibatanidza

Mhando dzinoverengeka dzekubatanidza dziripo kune EV kuchaja, imwe neimwe iine zvakanakira nezvayakaipira. Heano mamwe eanonyanyozivikanwa:

Rudzi rwekutanga (SAE J1772):Ichi chinongedzo chine mapini mashanu, uye unogona kuzviona zvakanyanya muNorth America neJapan. Iyo ine yakaderera simba rating (kusvika ku16 amps), iyo inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune inononoka uye yepakati-kumhanya yekuchaja masisitimu.

Rudzi rwechipiri (IEC 62196):Mhando iyi yekubatanidza ine mapini manomwe. Europe neAustralia inonyanya kuishandisa. Inotsigira mazinga emagetsi epamusoro (kusvika ku43 kW), iyo inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kukurumidza kuchaja.

CHAdeMO:Ichi chinongedzo chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzeDC kuchaja nekukurumidza uye yakajairika muJapan. Yayo yakasiyana "pfuti" chimiro inogona kupa magetsi kusvika ku62.5 kW yesimba.

CCS:Yakasanganiswa Kuchaja Sisitimu (CCS) chibatanidza chakamisikidzwa chinosanganisa Type 2 AC chinongedzo nemapini maviri ekuwedzera eDC. Zviri kuwedzera kuwanda mumotokari pasi rose uye inotsigira kuchaja kusvika 350 kW.

Kukosha kwekufananidza chinongedzo kumotokari

Inoenderana nemhando yekubatanidza kune yako EV yekuchaja zvakanaka kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kushanda kwakachengeteka. MaEV mazhinji anouya ne-yakavakirwa-mukati yekubatanidza inoenderana nemayero edunhu ravo, asi mamwe mamodheru anokubvumira kuti uchinje pakati pemhando dzekubatanidza uchishandisa adapta. Paunenge uchisarudza chiteshi chekuchaja, ita shuwa kuti ine inoenderana yekubatanidza yeEV yako. Iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa chiyero chemagetsi chekubatanidza uye chiteshi kuti uone kuti vanosangana nezvako zvekuchaja zvaunoda.

Kuchaja Cable

Cable yekuchajandiko kubatana pakati pechiteshi chekuchaja neEV. Inotakura magetsi kubva pachiteshi chekuchaja kuenda kubhatiri reEV. Hunhu uye mhando yekuchaja tambo inoshandiswa inogona kukanganisa kukurumidza uye kushanda kwemaitiro ekuchaja.

Mhando dzetambo dzekuchaja

Zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvinosanganisira EV charger yekuchaja tambo yechikamu: chinongedzo chinonamatira kuEV uye tambo pachayo. Iyo tambo inowanzogadzirwa nepamusoro-simba zvinhu zvakaita semhangura kana aluminium kuti imirire huremu hweEV dzakasiyana. Iwo anochinjika uye ari nyore kufambisa. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzetambo dzekuchaja dziripo kune maEV, uye mhando yetambo inodiwa zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa uye modhi yemotokari. Type 1 tambo dzinowanzo shandiswa muNorth America neJapan, nepo Type 2 tambo dzichizivikanwa muEurope.

Kukosha kwekuchaja urefu hwetambo uye kuchinjika

Kureba kwetambo yekuchaja uye kuchinjika kunogona kukanganisa kuve nyore uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuchaja maitiro. Tambo ipfupi ingave yakanakira kuchaja munzvimbo yakazara vanhu kana yakamanikana, asi tambo refu inogona kudiwa pakuchaja munzvimbo yakashama kana kunzvimbo iri kure. Iyo tambo inochinjika inogona kuve nyore kubata uye kuchengeta asi inogona kusasimba uye inogona kukuvara. Kusarudza tambo yekuchaja inokodzera yako chaiyo yekuchaja zvaunoda uye EV modhi yakakosha. Kushandisa tambo isingaenderane kana kukuvadzwa yekuchaja kunogona kukonzera njodzi dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza kana kukuvadzwa pachiteshi chekuchaja cheEV.

Control Board

Bhodhi rekutonga ndiro uropi hwechiteshi chekuchaja. Iyo inobata maitiro ekuchaja uye inova nechokwadi chekuti EV bhatiri yakachengeteka uye inoshanda. Bhodhi rakanyatsogadzirwa rakakosha pakuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kwechiteshi chekuchaja. Iyo inowanzo ine microcontroller, voltage uye ikozvino sensors, relays, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Mabasa ebhodhi rekutonga

Iyo control board inoita akati wandei akakosha mabasa ayo anoita kuti mota dzemagetsi dzive dzakachengeteka uye dziine kuchaja. Mamwe emabasa aya anosanganisira:

Kugadzirisa kuchaja ikozvino uye voltage:Iyo inogadzirisa yazvino uye voltage inopihwa kuEV bhatiri zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuchaja, tembiricha, huwandu hwebhatiri, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Uye inovimbisa kuchaja bhatiri zvakaringana kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwayo uye kudzivirira kukuvara.

Kukurukurirana neEV:Iyo control board inotaurirana neEV's onboard komputa kuchinjana ruzivo nezve mamiriro ebhatiri, chiyero chekuchaja, uye mamwe ma parameter. Kukurukurirana uku kunobvumira chiteshi chekuchaja kukwidziridza nzira yekuchaja yeiyo chaiyo EV modhi.

Kuongorora mafambiro ekuchaja:Iyo inogara ichitarisa mamiriro ekuchaja, kusanganisira voltage, ikozvino, uye tembiricha yebhatiri ye lithium-ion uye chiteshi chekuchaja. Iyo control board inoonawo chero zvisizvo mumotokari yemagetsi yekuchaja station top-up process. Zvinotora chiito chakakodzera kudzivirira njodzi dzekuchengetedza, sekumisa kuchaja kana kuderedza ikozvino.

Kukosha kwebhodhi rakagadzirwa zvakanaka rekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika

Bhodhi rakagadzirwa zvakanaka rakakosha pakudzivirira uye kuvimbika kwechiteshi chekuchaja mota yemagetsi pachayo. Inovimbisa kuti EV bhatiri yakachajiswa zvakakwana uye inodzivirira kuwandisa kana kubhadharisa, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza bhatiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, bhodhi risina kugadzirwa zvakanaka rezviteshi zvekuchaja rinogona kutungamira mukuchaja kusingaite, kukuvara kwebhatiri, kana njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzakadai semoto kana kuvhunduka kwemagetsi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti usarudze chiteshi chekuchaja chine bhodhi rakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye kutevedzera mirairo yemugadziri wechaji yakachengeteka uye inobudirira.

User Interface

Iyo mushandisi interface chikamu chechiteshi chekuchaja icho mushandisi anodyidzana nacho. Zvinowanzo sanganisira skrini, mabhatani, kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvinobvumira mushandisi kuisa ruzivo uye kutonga maitiro ekuchaja. Iyo yekuchaja chiteshi inogona kubatanidza kana kubatanidza mushandisi interface kune yakaparadzana mudziyo.

Mhando dzemashandisirwo emushandisi

EV yekuchaja zviteshi zvinoshandisa akati wandei marudzi emushandisi interface. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinosanganisira:

Touchscreen:A touchscreen interface inobvumira mushandisi kudzora maitiro ekuchaja nekudzvanya pachiratidziri. Inogona kuratidza ruzivo rwakasiyana nezve maitiro ekuchaja, senge mamiriro ekuchaja, nguva yasara, uye mutengo.

Mobile app:Iyo mobile app interface inobvumira vashandisi kudzora maitiro ekuchaja vachishandisa smartphone kana piritsi. Iyo app inogona kupa chaiyo-nguva ruzivo nezve maitiro ekuchaja, ichigonesa vashandisi kutanga, kumira, kana kuronga kubhadharisa kure.

RFID kadhi kuverenga:Iyo RFID kadhi yekuverenga kadhi inobvumira vashandisi kutanga chirongwa chekuchaja nekutsvaira RFID kadhi kana fob. Chiteshi chekuchaja chinoziva kadhi remushandisi uye chinotanga kuchaja.

Kukosha kwemushandisi-ushamwari interface kuitira nyore kushandisa

Mushandisi-ane hushamwari interface yakakosha kune nyore kushandisa uye yakanaka yekuchaja chiitiko. Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa interface inofanirwa kuve intuitive, nyore kufamba, uye inopa yakajeka uye yakapfupika ruzivo nezve kuchaja maitiro. Inofanirawo kuwanikwa kune vese vashandisi, kusanganisira avo vakaremara kana kusafamba zvishoma. Uye iyo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika interface inogona zvakare kubatsira kuderedza mushandisi zvikanganiso uye kudzivirira njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, bhatani rakajeka uye rine mukurumbira rekumisa bhatani rinogona kubvumira mushandisi kumisa kuchaja munjodzi nekukurumidza.

Mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, EV majaja chikamu chakakosha cheyese EV renji uye yekuchaja zvivakwa pachayo, uye kunzwisisa izvo zvakakosha zvikamu zvakakosha pakusarudza yakakodzera charger. Iyo magetsi, yekuchaja tambo, yekubatanidza, control board, uye mushandisi interface ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zveEV charger, chimwe nechimwe chichiita basa rakakosha mukuchaja. Kusarudza majaja ane akakodzera mazvikamu kuti anyatso kuchaja kuita kwakakosha. Sezvo kudiwa kweEVs uye zviteshi zvekuchaja zvichikura, kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kuchawedzera kukosha kune varidzi veEV nemabhizinesi.