Maitiro ekuchaja Infrastructure

Nepo zvizhinji zvekuchaja zviri kuitwa pari zvino nekuchaja kwepamba, machaja anowanikwa neveruzhinji ari kuwedzera kudiwa kuitira kuti ape mwero wakafanana wekureruka uye kuwanika sekuzara kwemotokari dzakajairika. Munzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzakakomba, kunyanya, uko kuwana kwekuchaja kwemba kwakaganhurirwa, zvivakwa zvekuchaja veruzhinji ndiyo yakakosha yekugonesa kutorwa kweEV. Pakupera kwa2022, pakanga paine 2.7 miriyoni 2.7 miriyoni yekuchaja mapoinzi pasi rese, anopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe ezviuru akaiswa muna 2022, angangoita 55% kuwedzera pa2021 stock, uye ichienzaniswa neiyo pre-denda kukura kwemakumi mashanu muzana pakati pa2015 na2022. 2019.

Slow charger

Pasi rose, anopfuura 600 000 veruzhinji anononoka kuchaja mapoinzi1yakaiswa muna 2022, 360 000 yaive kuChina, zvichiita kuti masheji anononoka munyika asvike kudarika miriyoni imwe. Pakupera kwa2022, China yaive kumusha kune inopfuura hafu yepasi rose stock yeruzhinji inononoka charger.

Europe iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri, iine 460 000 yakazara inononoka majaja muna 2022, 50% kuwedzera kubva pagore rapfuura. Netherlands inotungamira muEurope iine 117 000, ichiteverwa ne74 000 muFrance uye 64 000 kuGermany. Kuwanda kwemajaja anononoka muUnited States akawedzera ne9% muna 2022, iyo yakaderera kukura pakati pemisika mikuru. MuKorea, inononoka kuchaja stock yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri gore negore, inosvika 184 000 yekuchaja mapoinzi.

Fast charger

Inowanikwa pachena majaja anokurumidza, kunyanya ayo ari padhuze nemotokari, anogonesa nzendo refu uye anogona kugadzirisa kusatya, chipingamupinyi kukutora EV. Kufanana nemachaja anononoka, majaja anokurumidza veruzhinji anopawo mhinduro dzekuchaja kune vatengi vasina mukana wakavimbika wekuchaja yakavanzika, nekudaro zvichikurudzira kutorwa kweEV munzvimbo dzakakura dzehuwandu. Huwandu hwemachaja anokurumidza kuwedzera ne330 000 pasi rose muna 2022, asi zvakare ruzhinji (runenge 90%) rwekukura rwakabva kuChina. Kutumirwa kwekuchaja nekukurumidza kunotsiva kushaikwa kwekuwana majaja epamba mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda uye kunotsigira zvinangwa zveChina zvekukurumidza kuendesa EV. China inosvika 760 000 majaja anokurumidza, asi anopfuura eruzhinji rweruzhinji rwekuchaja murwi wemasheya ari mumatunhu gumi chete.

MuEurope huwandu hwemachaja ekukurumidza hwakapfuura 70 000 pakupera kwa2022, kuwedzera kunosvika 55% zvichienzaniswa ne2021. Nyika dzine machaja makuru ekukurumidza iGermany (inopfuura 12 000), France (9 700) neNorway. (9 000). Pane chishuvo chakajeka muEuropean Union chekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza zvivakwa zvekuchaja veruzhinji, sezvakaratidzwa nechibvumirano chenguva pfupi pane yakarongwa Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), iyo ichaisa zvinodikanwa zvekuchaja kwemagetsi mukati meTrans-European network-transport (TEN). -T) pakati peEuropean Investment Bank neEuropean Commission ichaita pamusoro peEUR 1.5 bhiriyoni kuwanikwa panopera 2023 kune mamwe mafuta ekugadzirisa zvivako, kusanganisira magetsi ekukurumidza kuchaja.

United States yakaisa 6 300 majaja anokurumidza muna 2022, angangoita matatu muzvina aive Tesla Supercharger. Huwandu hwemachaja anokurumidza kusvika pa28 000 pakupera kwa2022. Kuendeswa kunotarisirwa kukurumidza mumakore anotevera zvichitevera kubvumidza kwehurumende (NEVI). Matunhu ese eUS, Washington DC, nePuerto Rico vari kutora chikamu muchirongwa ichi, uye vakatopihwa mari inosvika mazana masere neshanu emamiriyoni emadhora muna 2023 yekutsigira kuvaka-kunze kwemajaja pamakiromita zana nemakumi maviri nemaviri emugwagwa mukuru. Iyo US Federal Highway Administration yakazivisa mitsva mitsva yenyika kune federally inotsigirwa EV majaja kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana, kuvimbika, kuwanikwa uye kuenderana. yezviyero zvitsva, Tesla yakazivisa kuti ichavhura chikamu cheiyo US Supercharger (apo maSupercharger anomiririra makumi matanhatu muzana eiyo yakazara stock yemajaja anokurumidza muUnited States) uye Destination Charger network kune asiri-Tesla EVs.

Mapoinzi ekuchaja evoruzhinji ari kuwedzera kudiwa kuti akwanise kutora EV yakakura

Kuendeswa kweveruzhinji kubhadharisa zvivakwa mukutarisira kukura mukutengesa kweEV kwakakosha pakupararira kweEV kutorwa. MuNorway, semuenzaniso, pakanga paine anenge 1.3 bhatiri yemagetsi maLDV pane yeruzhinji kuchaja nzvimbo muna 2011, iyo yakatsigira kumwe kutorwa. Pakupera kwa2022, nepamusoro pegumi nenomwe muzana emaLDV ari maBEV, pakanga paine makumi maviri neshanu maBEV panzvimbo yekuchaja yeruzhinji muNorway. Kazhinji, sezvo chikamu chemasheya chebhatiri yemagetsi eLDV chinowedzera, iyo yekuchaja poindi yeBEV chiyero inodzikira. Kukura kwekutengesa kweEV kunogona kuchengetedzwa chete kana kudiwa kwekuchaja kuchizadzikiswa neanowanikwa uye anochipa zvivakwa, kungave kuburikidza nekuchaja kwakavanzika mudzimba kana kubasa, kana zviteshi zvekuchaja zvinowanikwa pachena.

Reshiyo yemagetsi eLDV pachaja yeruzhinji

Veruzhinji kuchaja nzvimbo pachiyero chebhatiri-yemagetsi LDV munyika dzakasarudzwa vachipesana nebhatiri remagetsi LDV stock share

Nepo maPHEV asinganyanyi kutsamira pazvivakwa zvekuchaja veruzhinji kupfuura maBEV, kugadzira mitemo ine chekuita nekuwanikwa kwakakwana kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja kunofanirwa kubatanidza (uye kukurudzira) kubhadharisa veruzhinji PHEV. Kana huwandu hwese hwemagetsi eLDVs pane yekuchaja poindi yakatariswa, avhareji yepasi rose muna 2022 yaive maEV gumi pajaja. Nyika dzakaita seChina, Korea neNetherlands dzakachengeta maEV asingasviki gumi pachaja mumakore apfuura. Munyika dzinovimba zvakanyanya nekuchaja veruzhinji, huwandu hwemachaja anowanikwa neveruzhinji anga achikura nekumhanya kunoenderana nekutumirwa kweEV.

Nekudaro, mune mamwe misika inoratidzwa nekuwanda kuwanikwa kwekuchaja kwemba (nekuda kwechikamu chepamusoro chedzimba dzemhuri imwe chete nemukana wekuisa charger) nhamba yeEVs pane yekuchaja yeruzhinji inogona kutokwira. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, chiyero cheEVs pajaja ndeye 24, uye muNorway inopfuura 30. Sezvo kupinda kwemusika kweEVs kunowedzera, kubhadharisa kwevanhu kunowedzera kukosha, kunyange munyika idzi, kutsigira kugamuchirwa kweEV pakati pevatyairi. vasingakwanise kuwana imba yega kana yebasa sarudzo dzekuchaja. Nekudaro, iyo yakakwana chiyero cheEVs pajaja ichasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emunharaunda uye zvinodiwa nemutyairi.

Zvichida chakanyanya kukosha kupfuura huwandu hwemachaja eruzhinji aripo isimba rekuchaja reruzhinji paEV, zvichipihwa kuti majaja anokurumidza anogona kushandira maEV akawanda pane anononoka majaja. Munguva dzekutanga nhanho dzekutorwa kweEV, zvine musoro kuti kuwanikwa kwesimba rekuchaja paEV rive rakakwira, tichifunga kuti kushandiswa kwechaja kuchave kwakadzikira kudzamara musika wakura uye kushandiswa kwezvivakwa kunowedzera kushanda. Zvichienderana neizvi, European Union's paAFIR inosanganisira zvinodiwa kuti huwandu hwemagetsi hupihwe zvichienderana nehukuru hwezvikepe zvakanyoreswa.

Pasi rose, avhareji yemagetsi ekuchaja simba pamagetsi eLDV anosvika 2.4 kW paEV. MuEuropean Union, reshiyo yakadzikira, ine avhareji yakatenderedza 1.2 kW paEV. Korea ine reshiyo yepamusoro pa7 kW paEV, kunyangwe nemachaja mazhinji eruzhinji (90%) ari anononoka machaja.

Nhamba yemagetsi eLDV paruzhinji kuchaja nzvimbo uye kW pamagetsi LDV, 2022

Vhura

Nhamba yemagetsi eLDV painochaja kW yekuchaja kwevanhu pamagetsi eLDVsNew ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaFinlandSwitzerlandJapaniEuropean UnionFrancePolandBelgiumNyikaItalyChinaIndiaSouth AfricaChileGreeceNetherlandsKorea081624324048566472808809610.4.472808809610.4. 66.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (pazasi axis)
• kW / EV (yepamusoro axis)

Munharaunda umo marori emagetsi ari kuwanikwa mune zvekutengesa, marori emagetsi ebhatiri anogona kukwikwidza paTCO nemarori edhiziri akajairwa kune huwandu huri kukura hwekushanda, kwete mudhorobha chete nedunhu, asiwo mune tirakita-trailer yedunhu uye yakareba-haul segment. . Zvitatu zvinotaridza nguva inosvikwa ma toll; mari yemafuta ekufambisa dzimotokari (semusiyano pakati pemitengo yedhiziri neyemagetsi inotarisana nevatyairi vemarori, uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzirisa); uye CAPEX rubatsiro rwekudzikisa gaka pamutengo wekutenga mota. Sezvo marori emagetsi anogona kupa maitiro akafanana nemitengo yakaderera yehupenyu (kusanganisira kana chiyero chakaderedzwa chikaiswa), iyo varidzi vemotokari vanotarisira kudzoreredza mutengo wepamberi ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakuona kana kutenga rori yemagetsi kana yakajairika.

Hupfumi hwemarori emagetsi mukushandisa kureba hunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya kana mitengo yekuchaja ichigona kudzikiswa nekuwedzera "off-shift" (semunguva yehusiku kana imwe nguva yakareba yekuzorora) kubhadharisa zvishoma, kuchengetedza zvibvumirano zvekutenga zvakawanda nevashandisi vegridi “pakati-shift” (semuenzaniso panguva yekuzorora), kukurumidza (kusvika 350 kW), kana kukurumidza-kukurumidza (> 350 kW) kuchaja, uye kuongorora yakangwara yekuchaja uye mota-kune-grid mikana yekuwedzera mari.

Marori emagetsi nemabhazi anozovimba ne-off-shift kuchaja kune mazhinji esimba ravo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzekuchaja dzakavanzika kana dzakazvimiririra kana pazviteshi zveveruzhinji mumigwagwa mikuru, uye kazhinji husiku. Madhipatimendi ekushandira ari kukura kudiwa kweanorema-basa magetsi anozoda kuvandudzwa, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda zvingangoda kugoverwa uye kukwidziridzwa kwegidhi. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yemotokari, kuchaja kwedepo kunokwana kuvhara mabasa mazhinji mumabhazi emudhorobha pamwe chete nemarori emudhorobha nematunhu.

Mitemo inorayira nguva yekuzorora inogonawo kupa nguva yewindo rekuchaja yepakati-yepakati kana sarudzo dzekuchaja dzekukurumidza kana dzekupedzisira dziripo munzira: European Union inoda maminetsi makumi mana nemashanu ekuzorora mushure memaawa 4.5 ega ega ekutyaira; United States inorayira maminitsi makumi matatu mushure memaawa masere.

Mazhinji anotengeswa anowanikwa akananga ikozvino (DC) anokurumidza kuchaja zviteshi parizvino anogonesa mazinga emagetsi kubva pa250-350 kW. yakasvikwa neEuropean Council neParamende inosanganisira zvishoma nezvishoma nzira yekuendesa kwezvivakwa zvemagetsi zvinorema-basa remotokari kutanga muna 2025. Zvidzidzo zvenguva ichangoburwa zvezvinodiwa zvesimba zvedunhu uye refu-refu rori kushanda muUS neEurope zvinowana kuti kuchaja simba rinopfuura 350 kW. , uye yakakwira se1 MW, inogona kudikanwa kuti idzore zvizere marori emagetsi panguva yekuzorora kwemaminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu.

Nekuona kukosha kwekukwira nekukurumidza kana kwekupedzisira-kukurumidza kuchaja sechinhu chinodiwa pakuita ese ari maviri edunhu uye, kunyanya, mashandiro akareba-refu nehunyanzvi uye mune zvehupfumi, muna 2022 Traton, Volvo, naDaimler vakagadzira mubatanidzwa wakazvimirira, NeEUR 500. miriyoni mukudyara kwakabatana kubva kumapoka matatu anorema-basa rekugadzira, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekuendesa zvinopfuura 1 700 nekukurumidza (300 kusvika 350 kW) uye yekupedzisira-nekukurumidza (1 MW) yekuchaja nzvimbo muEurope.

Mazhinji ekuchaja zviyero zviri kushandiswa parizvino, uye tekinoroji yekuchajisa-yekukurumidza kuchaja iri kuvandudzwa. Kuve nechokwadi chekusangana kwakanyanya kunogoneka kwekuchaja zviyero uye kudyidzana kweanorema-basa EVs kunozodiwa kudzivirira mutengo, kusashanda, uye zvinonetsa kune vanopinza mota kunze nevashandisi vepasi rese izvo zvaizogadzirwa nevagadziri vachitevera nzira dzakasiyana.

KuChina, vanogadzira pamwe neChina Electricity Council neCHAdeMO "ultra ChaoJi" vari kugadzira mwero wekuchaja mota dzemagetsi dzinorema kusvika kumamegawati akati wandei. MuEurope nekuUnited States, zvakatemwa zveCharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), ine simba guru rinokwanisa kuita. ari pasi pekuvandudzwa neInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) nemamwe masangano. Mamiriro ekupedzisira eMCS, ayo achadikanwa pakushambadzira kwekutengeserana, anotarisirwa 2024. Mushure mekutanga megawati yekuchaja saiti yakapihwa neDaimler Trucks nePortland General Electric (PGE) muna 2021, pamwe nekudyara uye mapurojekiti muAustria, Sweden. , Spain neUnited Kingdom.

Kutengeserana kwemajaja ane chiyero chesimba re1 MW kunoda kuisirwa mari kwakakosha, sezvo zviteshi zvine simba repamusoro-soro zvichaunza mutengo wakakura mukuisa uye kusimudzira grid. Kudzokorodza veruzhinji magetsi emagetsi mabhizinesi modhi uye mitemo yechikamu chemagetsi, kuronga kuronga kune vese vanobatana uye smart kuchaja zvese zvinogona kubatsira Rutsigiro rwakananga kuburikidza nemapurojekiti ekufambisa uye mari yekukurudzira inogonawo kukurumidzira kuratidzira uye kugamuchirwa mumatanho ekutanga. Ongororo ichangoburwa inodonongodza imwe yakakosha dhizaini yekugadzira MCS yakayerwa yekuchaja zviteshi:

• Kuronga zviteshi zvekuchaja munzvimbo dzemumigwagwa mikuru pedyo nemitsetse yekufambisa uye zviteshi zvishoma zvinogona kuva mhinduro yakakwana yekudzikisa mitengo uye kuwedzera mashandisiro echaja.
• "Kurudyi-kukura" kubatanidzwa nekubatanidza zvakananga kune mitsara yekufambisa panguva yekutanga, nekudaro kutarisira simba rinodiwa rehurongwa umo migove yakakwirira yekutakura zvinhu yakaiswa magetsi, pane kusimudzira magridi ekugovera pane ad-hoc uye kwenguva pfupi. nheyo, ichave yakakosha kuderedza mari. Izvi zvinoda kuronga kwakarongeka uye kwakabatana pakati pevashandisi vegridi uye vanochaja vanogadzira zvivakwa muzvikamu zvese.
• Sezvo transmission system yekubatanidza uye kukwidziridzwa kwegridi kunogona kutora makore 4-8, siting uye kuvaka kwepamusoro-yekutanga kuchaja zviteshi zvinoda kutanga nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Mhinduro dzinosanganisira kuisa nzvimbo yekuchengetera uye kubatanidza nzvimbo inogonekazve, yakasanganiswa nekuchaja kwakangwara, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisa zvese zviri zviviri mitengo yezvivakwa zvine chekuita nekubatanidza grid uye mutengo wekutenga magetsi (semuenzaniso nekugonesa vatyairi vemarori kudzikisira mutengo nekupokana kwekuchinja kwemitengo zuva rese, kutora mukana. yemikana yemotokari-kune-grid, nezvimwewo).

Dzimwe sarudzo dzekupa simba kumotokari dzemagetsi dzinorema (HDVs) kuchinjisa mabhatiri uye masystem emigwagwa emagetsi. Magetsi emigwagwa masisitimu anogona kuendesa simba kurori kungave kuburikidza ne inductive coils mumugwagwa, kana kuburikidza conductive kubatanidza pakati pemotokari nemugwagwa, kana kuburikidza nekatenary (pamusoro) mitsetse. Catenary uye dzimwe sarudzo dzine simba dzekuchaja dzinogona kuve nevimbiso yekudzikisa yunivhesiti yesystem-level mutengo mushanduko kuenda ku zero-emission edunhu neakareba marori, achipedzisa zvakanaka maererano nemari yakazara uye mutengo wekushandisa. Vanogonawo kubatsira kuderedza kudiwa kwebhatiri. Kudiwa kwebhatiri kunogona kuderedzwa zvakare, uye kushandiswa kunowedzera kuvandudzwa, kana nzira dzemagetsi dzemigwagwa dzakagadzirwa kuti dzienderane kwete nemarori chete asiwo mota dzemagetsi. Nekudaro, maitiro akadai angada inductive kana in-road madhizaini anouya nezvipingaidzo zvakakura maererano nekuvandudza tekinoroji uye dhizaini, uye ane mari yakawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, magadzirirwo emigwagwa yemagetsi anounza matambudziko akakura akafanana neaya echikamu chechitima, kusanganisira kudiwa kukuru kwekumisikidzwa kwenzira nemotokari (sezvinoratidzwa nematramu nemabhazi etrolley), kuenderana nemiganhu yenzendo refu, uye zvivakwa zvakakodzera. mhando dzevaridzi. Ivo vanopa kuchinjika kushoma kune varidzi vemarori maererano nemigwagwa uye mhando dzemotokari, uye vane mitengo yakakwira yekusimudzira zvachose, zvese zvichikanganisa kukwikwidza kwavo kune zviteshi zvekuchaja nguva dzose. Tichifunga nezvezvimhingamipinyi izvi, masisitimu akadai anotanga kuiswa pamikoto yekutakura zvinhu yaishandiswa zvakanyanya, izvo zvaizoita kuti pave nekudyidzana pakati pevazhinji vanobata veruzhinji uye vakazvimirira. Kuratidzira mumigwagwa yeruzhinji kusvika parizvino muGermany neSweden vakavimba nevakwikwidzi vanobva kumasangano akazvimiririra uye neveruzhinji. Kushevedzera kwevatyairi vemagetsi emigwagwa yemagetsi kuri kufungwawo muChina, India, UK neUnited States.

Kuchaja zvinodiwa pamotokari dzinorema

Ongororo yeInternational Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) inoratidza kuti kuchinjisa bhatiri remagetsi maviri-mavhiri mumatakisi masevhisi (semuenzaniso tekisi bhasikoro) inopa yakanyanya kukwikwidza TCO kana ichienzaniswa nekuchaja BEV kana ICE mavhiri maviri. Panyaya yekutumira mamaira ekupedzisira kuburikidza nemavhiri maviri-mavhiri, poindi yekuchaja parizvino ine mukana weTCO pamusoro pekuchinjanisa bhatiri, asi neiyo chaiyo mutemo inokurudzira uye chiyero, kuchinjanisa kunogona kuve sarudzo inoshanda mune mamwe mamiriro. Kazhinji, sezvo avhareji yerwendo rwemazuva ese yafambwa ichiwedzera, bhatiri remagetsi maviri-mavhiri ane bhatiri swapping rinova nehupfumi kupfuura poindi yekuchaja kana mota dzepeturu. Muna 2021, iyoSwappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium yakavambwa nechinangwa chekufambisa kuchinjika kwebhatiri remotokari dzine huremu huremu, kusanganisira maviri/matatu-mavhiri, nekushanda pamwechete pane zvakajairika mabhatiri.

Kuchinjanisa mabhatiri emagetsi maviri/matatu-mavhiri ari kunyanya kuwedzera kuIndia. Parizvino pane makambani anopfuura gumi akasiyana mumusika weIndia, anosanganisira Gogoro, Chinese Taipei-based electric scooter uye bhatiri swapping tekinoroji mutungamiri. Gogoro vanoti mabhatiri avo ane simba rechikamu che90% chemagetsi ekuChina kuTaipei, uye Gogoro network ine zviteshi zvinodarika 12 000 zvekuchinja mabhatiri kuti itsigire mavhiri maviri emagetsi anodarika 500 000 munyika pfumbamwe, zvikuru muAsia Pacific region. kudyidzana neIndia-based Zypp Electric, iyo inomhanyisa EV-se-a-sevhisi chikuva chekupedzisira-mamaira kuendesa; pamwe chete, vari kuendesa zviteshi zvemabhatiri e6 uye 100 yemagetsi maviri-mavhiri sechikamu chechirongwa chekuyedza bhizinesi-kune-bhizinesi rekupedzisira-mamaira kutumira mabasa muguta reDelhi. Mukutanga kwa2023, vakasimudza, izvo zvavachashandisa kuwedzera zvikepe zvavo kusvika 200 000 emagetsi maviri-mavhiri maviri mumaguta makumi matatu eIndia kusvika 2025. yemagetsi maviri- nematatu-mavhiri emavhiri, kusanganisira e-rickshaws, nevabatsiri vakaita seAmazon India. Thailand iri kuonawo mumabhatiri ekuchinjanisa masevhisi emudhudhudhu tekisi uye vatyairi vekutakura.

Kunyange zvakanyanya kuAsia, kuchinjanisa mabhatiri emagetsi mavhiri maviri ari kupararira kuAfrica. Semuyenzaniso, kutanga-mudhudhudhu wemudhudhudhu wekuRwanda unoshanda zviteshi zvekuchinja mabhatiri, zvine tarisiro yekushandira matekisi emudhudhudhu anoda marefu emazuva ese. Ampersand yakavaka zviteshi gumi zvekuchinja mabhatiri muKigali uye nhatu muNairobi, Kenya. Zviteshi izvi zvinoita zvekusvika pa37 000 mabhatiri swaps pamwedzi.

Kuchinja kwebhatiri kwemavhiri maviri/matatu-mavhiri kunopa zvakanakira mutengo

Kune marori kunyanya, kuchinjisa bhatiri kunogona kuve nemabhenefiti makuru pamusoro pekuchaja nekukurumidza. Chekutanga, kuchinjanisa kunogona kutora zvishoma, izvo zvingave zvakaoma uye zvinodhura kuwana kuburikidza netambo-yakavakirwa kuchaja, ichida ultra-fast charger yakabatana nepakati-kusvika high-voltage grids uye anodhura bhatiri manejimendi masisitimu uye mabheti chemistries. Kudzivirira kuchaja kwekukurumidza-kukurumidza kunogona zvakare kuwedzera huwandu hwebhatiri, kuita uye hupenyu hwekutenderera.

Bhatiri-se-a-sevhisi (BaaS), kupatsanura kutenga kwerori nebhatiri, uye kumisa kondirakiti yekurenda bhatiri, zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekutenga kwekutanga. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo marori anowanzo kutsamira pa lithium iron phosphate (LFP) bhatiri chemistries, iyo inogara yakasimba kupfuura lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) mabhatiri, akanyatsokodzera kuchinjika maererano nekuchengetedza uye kugona.

Nekudaro, mutengo wekuvaka chiteshi ungangove wakakwira wekuchinjisa bhatiri rerori uchipihwa yakakura saizi yemotokari uye anorema mabhatiri, ayo anoda imwe nzvimbo uye yakasarudzika michina kuita shanduko. Chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru chinodiwa kuti mabhatiri agadzirwe kusvika pahukuru hwakapihwa uye huwandu, izvo marori OEMs angangoona sekunetsa kumakwikwi sezvo dhizaini yebhatiri uye huwandu ndiyo inosiyanisa yakakosha pakati pevagadziri vemagetsi emagetsi.

China iri kumberi kwekuchinjanisa mabhatiri emarori nekuda kwerutsigiro rwakakura rwemitemo uye kushandisa tekinoroji yakagadzirirwa kuenderana nekuchaja tambo. Muna 2021, MIIT yekuChina yakazivisa kuti akati wandei maguta aizoedza tekinoroji yekuchinja bhatiri, kusanganisira HDV bhatiri swapping mumaguta matatu. Vanenge vese vakuru veChinese vanogadzira marori anorema, anosanganisira FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, uye SAIC.

China iri pamberi pakuchinjanisa mabhatiri kumarori

China zvakare inotungamira mukuchinjisa mabhatiri emotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Pakati pemamodhi ese, huwandu hwese hwezviteshi zvekuchinja mabhatiri muChina hwakamira pakupera kwa2022, 50% yakakwirira kupfuura pakupera kwa2021. NIO, iyo inogadzira mota dzinochinja-chinja mabhatiri uye zviteshi zvinotsigira, inomhanya kupfuura. muChina, ichishuma kuti network inovhara zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zve mainland China. Hafu yezviteshi zvavo zvekuchinja zvakaiswa muna 2022, uye kambani yakatara chinangwa chezviteshi zvina 4 000 zvekuchinja mabhatiri pasi rose panosvika gore ra2025. 20-80 kW.

NIO yakazivisawo hurongwa hwekuvaka zviteshi zvebhatiri muEurope sezvo mhando dzemotokari dzinoshandiswa nebhatiri dzakavepo mumisika yeEurope kusvika pakupera kwa2022. Yekutanga NIO bhatiri chinja chiteshi muSweden yakavhurwa mukati uye pakupera kwa2022, gumi NIO. zviteshi zvekuchinja mabhatiri zvakavhurwa muNorway, Germany, Sweden neNetherlands. Kusiyana neNIO, ine zviteshi zvekuchinja zvinoshandira NIO mota, maChinese mabhatiri ekuchinjisa chiteshi chiteshi cheAulton chinotsigira makumi matatu modhi kubva kumakambani gumi nematanhatu emotokari.

Kuchinja kwebhatiri kunogonawo kuve yakasarudzika sarudzo yeLDV taxi zvikepe, izvo mashandiro ayo anotarisisa nguva yekuchaja kupfuura mota dzemunhu. US kutanga-up Ample parizvino inoshandisa zviteshi gumi nembiri zvekuchinja mabhatiri munzvimbo yeSan Francisco Bay, kunyanya kushandira mota dzeUber rideshare.

China zvakare inotungamira mukuchinjisa mabhatiri emotokari dzinotakura vanhu

References

Machaja anononoka ane zviyereso zvesimba zvisingasviki kana kuenzana ne22 kW. Fast charger ndeaya ane simba repamusoro rinodarika 22 kW uye rinosvika 350 kW. "Mapoinzi ekuchaja" uye "machaja" anoshandiswa zvakasiyana uye anonongedzera kune yega socket yekuchaja, inoratidza huwandu hwemaEV anogona kuchaja panguva imwe chete. '' Zviteshi zvekuchaja" zvinogona kunge zvine mapoinzi akawanda ekuchaja.

Kare rairo, iyo AFIR yakange yatemerwa, kana yangobvumidzwa zviri pamutemo, yaizove mutemo unosunga, ichiraira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chinhambwe chikuru pakati pemajaja akaiswa parutivi rweTEN-T, migwagwa yekutanga neyechipiri mukati meEuropean Union.

Mhinduro dze inductive dziri mberi kubva mukutengesa uye kutarisana nematambudziko ekuunza simba rakakwana pakumhanya kwemugwagwa.