Indonesia Musika Tarisiro yeEV Kutengesa uye Kugadzira

Indonesia iri kukwikwidza nenyika dzakaita seThailand neIndia kusimudzira indasitiri yayo yemotokari dzemagetsi, uye nekupa imwe nzira inoshanda kuChina, iyo inotungamira EV mugadziri pasi rose.Nyika inotarisira kuwana kwayo zviwanikwa uye huwandu hwemaindasitiri huchaibvumidza kuve hwaro hwemakwikwi evagadziri veEV uye kuibvumidza kuvaka cheni yekugovera yemuno.Mitemo inotsigira iripo kukurudzira kudyara kwekugadzira pamwe nekutengesa kwemuno kweEVs.

Domestic market view
Indonesia iri kushanda nesimba kumisikidza kuvepo kunoonekwa mukati memotokari yemagetsi (EV) indasitiri, nechinangwa chekusvika 2.5 miriyoni vashandisi vemotokari yemagetsi panosvika 2025.

Asi, iyo data yemusika inoratidza kuti shanduko yemaitiro evatengi vemotokari inotora nguva.Motokari dzemagetsi dzinoita isingasviki chikamu chimwe kubva muzana chemotokari dziri mumigwagwa yeIndonesia, maererano nemushumo waNyamavhuvhu kubva kuReuters.Gore rapfuura, Indonesia yakangorekodha zviuru gumi nezvishanu nemazana mana zvekutengesa mota dzemagetsi uye dzinenge zviuru makumi matatu nezviviri zvekutengesa mudhudhudhu wemagetsi.Kunyangwe vatyairi vemataxi vane mukurumbira vakaita seBluebird vachifunga nezvekutorwa kweEV zvikepe kubva kumakambani makuru akadai seChinese auto giant BYD - fungidziro yehurumende yeIndonesia inoda nguva yakawanda kuti iite chokwadi.

Chinjo yapashoma napashoma muchimiro chendangariro, kunyanguvezvo, inoratidzika kuva iri kuitika.KuWest Jakarta, mutengesi wemotokari PT Prima Wahana Auto Mobil aona maitiro ari kusimukira mukutengesa kwayo EV.Sekureva kwemumiriri wekutengesa wekambani achitaura neChina Daily muna Chikumi gore rino, vatengi muIndonesia vari kutenga uye kushandisa Wuling Air EV semota yechipiri, pamwe chete neyavo yagara iripo.

Rudzi urwu rwekuita sarudzo runogona kunge rwakabatana nekunetsekana kwakatenderedza kwezvivakwa zveEV kuchaja uye mushure mekutengesa masevhisi pamwe neEV renji, iyo inoreva kubhadharisa bhatiri kunodiwa kuti usvike kwaunoenda.Pakazere, mutengo weEV uye zvinonetsa zvakatenderedza simba rebhatiri zvinogona kutadzisa kutanga kutora.

Nekudaro, zvishuwo zveIndonesia zvinopfuura kukurudzira kutorwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena.Nyika iri kuedzawo kuzvimisa seyakakosha hub mukati meEV supply chain.Mushure mezvose, Indonesia ndiyo musika mukuru kwazvo wemotokari muSoutheast Asia uye inomira seyechipiri pakukura nzvimbo yekugadzira mudunhu, ichitevera Thailand.

Muzvikamu zvinotevera, tinoongorora zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotyaira iyi EV pivot uye tinokurukura zvinoita kuti Indonesia ive nzvimbo yakasarudzika yekudyara kunze kwenyika muchikamu ichi.

Gwaro rehurumende uye matanho ekutsigira
Hurumende yaJoko Widodo yakabatanidza kugadzirwa kweEV muASEAN_Indonesia_Master Plan Acceleration uye Kuwedzera kweIndonesia Economic Development 2011-2025 uye yakaratidza kuvandudzwa kweEV zvivakwa muNarasi-RPJMN-2020-2024-versi-Bahasa-Inggris (National Medium-Term Plan-Term. 2020-2024).

Pasi peChirongwa cha2020-24, kusimudzira maindasitiri munyika kuchanyanya kutarisisa nzvimbo mbiri dzakakosha: (1) kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kwekurima, makemikari, uye simbi zvinhu, uye (2) kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinowedzera kukosha uye kukwikwidza.Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinosanganisira dzakasiyana siyana zvikamu, kusanganisira mota dzemagetsi.Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kuchatsigirwa nekuenzanisa mitemo muzvikamu zvepuraimari, sekondari, nepamusoro.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rino, Indonesia yakazivisa yekuwedzera kwemakore maviri kune vanogadzira mota kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa pakukodzera kurudziro yemotokari yemagetsi.Nezvichangobva kuunzwa, zvine hunyoro hwekudyara mitemo, vagadziri vemotokari vanogona kuvimbisa kugadzirwa kwezvishoma zvezvikamu makumi mana muzana zveEV muIndonesia muna 2026 kuti vakwanise kukurudzirwa.Zvisungo zvakakosha zvekudyara zvakatoitwa neChina yeNeta EV mhando neJapan Mitsubishi Motors.Zvichakadaro, PT Hyundai Motors Indonesia yakaunza yayo yekutanga kugadzirwa EV muna Kubvumbi 2022.

Pakutanga, Indonesia yakanga yazivisa chinangwa chayo chekudzikisa mitero yekunze kubva pamakumi mashanu muzana kusvika zero kune vagadziri veEV vari kufunga nezvekudyara munyika.

Kudzoka muna 2019, hurumende yeIndonesia yakanga yaburitsa hurongwa hwekukurudzira vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi, mafemu ekufambisa, uye vatengi.Izvi zvinokurudzira zvinosanganisira kudzikiswa kwemitero yekunze pamakina uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira EV uye zvakapa mabhenefiti ezororo remutero kweanopfuura makore gumi kune vagadziri veEV vanodyara mari inosvika 5 trillion rupiah (yakaenzana neUS $346 miriyoni) munyika.

Hurumende yeIndonesia yakaderedzawo mutero wevalue-added paEVs kubva pa11 percent kuenda pachikamu chimwe chete.Kutamiswa uku kwakonzera kudzikira kukuru kwemutengo wekutanga weHyundai Ioniq 5, uchidzika kubva paUS$51,000 kuenda pasi peUS$45,000.Iyi ichiri premium range yeavhareji Indonesian motokari mushandisi;mota ine peturu isingadhure muIndonesia, Daihatsu Ayla, inotangira paUS$9,000.

Kukura madhiraivha ekugadzira EV
Mutyairi wekutanga ari kuseri kwekusundidzira kugadzira mota dzemagetsi iIndonesia ine dura remumba rezvigadzirwa.

Nyika ndiyo inotungamira pasi rose kugadzira nickel, chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, inova sarudzo huru yeEV bhatiri packs.Indonesia nickel reserves inoita 22-24 muzana yehuwandu hwepasi rose.Pamusoro pezvo, nyika inokwanisa kuwana cobalt, iyo inowedzera hupenyu hwemabhatiri eEV, uye bauxite, inoshandiswa mukugadzira aluminium, chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira EV.Izvi zvakagadzirira kuwana kune zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira neyakakura margin.

Nekufamba kwenguva, kuvandudzwa kweIndonesia's EV kugadzira kugona kunogona kusimbisa kwayo dunhu rekutengesa kunze, kana hupfumi hwevavakidzani hukasangana nekuwedzera mukudiwa kweEVs.Hurumende ine chinangwa chekugadzira mota dzemagetsi dzinosvika mazana matanhatu ezviuru panosvika 2030.

Kunze kwekugadzira nekutengesa zvinokurudzira, Indonesia iri kutsvaga kudzikisa kuvimba kwayo nekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye shanduko kuenda kune yakakwira kukosha-yakawedzerwa zvinhu kunze kwenyika.Asi izvo, Indonesia yakarambidza nickel ore kutumira kunze kwenyika muna Ndira 2020, panguva imwe chete ichivaka hunyanzvi hwayo hwekunyungudutsa zvinhu, EV bhatiri kugadzirwa, uye EV kugadzirwa.

Muna Mbudzi 2022, Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) nePT Adaro Minerals Indonesia, Tbk (AMI) yakanyora Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) yakanangana nekuona kuwanikwa kwealuminium kunoenderana nekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari.Kudyidzana uku kune chinangwa chekugadzira yakazara cooperative sisitimu ine chekuita nekugadzirwa uye aluminium kupihwa inofambiswa neAMI, pamwe chete nedivi rayo, PT Kalimantan Aluminium Indasitiri (KAI).

Sezvakataurwa mupepanhau rekambani, Hyundai Motor Company yakatanga kushanda panzvimbo yekugadzira muIndonesia uye iri kushanda nesimba mukubatana neIndonesia munzvimbo dzakati wandei, iine ziso rekubatana mune ramangwana mukati meindasitiri yemotokari.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora mari mumabhizimusi akabatana ekugadzira masero ebhatiri.Kupfuurirazve, aruminiyamu yegirini yeIndonesia, inoratidzwa nekushandisa kwayo yakaderera-kabhoni, hydroelectric simba rekugadzira, ine hushamwari hwemagetsi sosi, inopindirana neiyo HMC's carbon-neutral policy.Iyi aluminium yakasvibirira inotarisirwa kuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwepasirese pakati pevagadziri vemotokari.
Chimwe chinangwa chakakosha chinangwa cheIndonesia chekuenderera mberi.Iyo nyika EV zano rinobatsira mukutsvaga kweIndonesia kweti-zero emission tarisiro.Indonesia munguva pfupi yapfuura yakamhanyisa zvinangwa zvayo zvekudzikisa kuburitsa, ikozvino yakanangana nekuderedzwa kwe32 muzana (kubva pa29 muzana) ne2030. Motokari dzevatyairi nedzekutengesa dzinotora 19.2 muzana yehutsi hwese hunogadzirwa nemotokari dzemumugwagwa, uye shanduko ine hutsinye yakanangana nekutorwa kweEV uye kushandiswa. zvaizoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwese.

Mabasa emugodhi haapo kubva kuIndonesia yazvino ichangoburwa Positive Investment List, zvinoreva kuti yakavhurika nehunyanzvi kune 100 muzana varidzi vekunze.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti vanoisa mari kunze kwenyika vazive nezveHurumende Regulation Nhamba 23 ye2020 uye Mutemo Nha.Mitemo iyi inotaura kuti makambani emigodhi ekunze kwenyika anofanirwa kugovera zvishoma nezvishoma chikamu che51 percent chezvikamu zvawo kuvaridzi vekuIndonesia mukati memakore gumi ekutanga ekutanga kugadzira bhizimusi.

Mari yekune dzimwe nyika muEV supply chain
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, Indonesia yakakwezva mari yekune dzimwe nyika muindasitiri yayo yenickel, yakatarisana nekugadzirwa kwebhatiri remagetsi uye zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kweketani.

Zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira:

Mitsubishi Motors yakapa mari inosvika US$375 miriyoni yekuwedzera kugadzirwa, kusanganisira iyo Minicab-MiEV mota yemagetsi, ine hurongwa hwekutanga kugadzirwa kweEV muna Zvita.
Neta, mubatsiri weHozon New Energy Automobile yekuChina, akatanga hurongwa hwekugamuchira maodha eNeta V EV uye ari kugadzirira kugadzirwa kwemuno muna 2024.
Vagadziri vaviri, Wuling Motors neHyundai, vakatamisa chimwe chezviitwa zvavo zvekugadzira kuenda kuIndonesia kuti vakwanise kuwana kurudziro izere.Makambani ese ari maviri anochengetedza mafekitori kunze kweJakarta uye ndiwo anotungamira kukwikwidza mumusika weEV wenyika maererano nekutengesa.
MaChina vatengesi vari kuita zvirongwa zviviri zvakakura zvekuchera nickel uye kunyungudutsa zviri muSulawesi, chitsuwa chinozivikanwa nehombe yenickel reserves.Aya mapurojekiti akabatana nemasangano anotengeswa pachena Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park uye Virtue Dragon Nickel Indasitiri.
Muna 2020, Ministry of Investment yeIndonesia neLG yakasaina US$9.8 bhiriyoni MoU yeLG Energy Solution yekuisa mari paEV supply chain.
Muna 2021, LG Energy neHyundai Motor Group yakatanga kugadzirwa kweIndonesia yekutanga bhatiri cell plant ine kukosha kwekudyara kweUS$1.1 bhiriyoni, yakagadzirirwa kuve negumi GWh.
Muna 2022, Ministry of Investment yeIndonesia yakapinda muMoU neFoxconn, Gogoro Inc, IBC, uye Indika Energy, inosanganisira kugadzira mabhatiri, e-kufamba, uye maindasitiri ane hukama.
Kambani yemugodhi yeIndonesia Aneka Tambang yakabatana neChina CATL Group muchibvumirano chekugadzira EV, kudzokorodza bhatiri, uye kuchera nickel.
LG Energy iri kuvaka US$3.5 bhiriyoni yekunyungudutsa mudunhu reCentral Java inokwanisa kugadzira 150,000 matani enickel sulfate pagore.
Vale Indonesia naZhejiang Huayou Cobalt vakabatana neFord Motor kugadzira chirimwa che hydroxide precipitate (MHP) mudunhu reSoutheast Sulawesi, chakarongerwa huwandu hwematani zana nemakumi maviri, pamwe neyechipiri MHP chirimwa chine 60,000-matani.