Uburayi na Amerika: inkunga ya politiki iriyongera, kubaka sitasiyo yo kwishyuza bikomeje kwihuta

Mu ntego yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu by’Uburayi byihutishije iyubakwa ry’ibirundo binyuze mu gushimangira politiki. Ku isoko ry’Uburayi, guhera mu 2019, guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yatangaje ko izashora miliyoni 300 z'amapound mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibidukikije, naho Ubufaransa bukaba bwatangaje mu 2020 ko buzakoresha miliyoni 100 z'amayero mu gushora imari mu iyubakwa rya sitasiyo zishyuza. Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasohoye paki yiswe “ikwiranye na 55 ″, isaba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu kugira ngo harebwe niba hari amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi buri kilometero 60 ku mihanda minini; mu 2022, ibihugu by’Uburayi byashyizeho politiki yihariye, harimo inkunga yo kubaka sitasiyo zishyuza ibicuruzwa na sitasiyo zishyuza amazu, zishobora kwishyura amafaranga yo kubaka no kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo kwishyuza no guteza imbere abakiriya kugura amashanyarazi.

Ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi byatangije politiki ishimangira amashanyarazi y’urugo hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo biteze imbere cyane kubaka sitasiyo zishyuza. Ibihugu 15, birimo Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Espagne, Ubutaliyani, Ubuholandi, Otirishiya na Suwede, byatangije politiki yo gushimangira sitasiyo zishyuza urugo n’ubucuruzi umwe umwe.

Iterambere ry’imodoka zishyuza mu Burayi rikiri inyuma yo kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, kandi sitasiyo rusange ni nyinshi. 2020 na 2021 bizabona miliyoni 2.46 na miliyoni 4.37 n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Burayi, + 77.3% na + 48.0% umwaka ushize; igipimo cyo kwinjira mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi kirazamuka vuba, kandi n'ibikoresho byo kwishyuza nabyo biriyongera cyane. Ariko, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibikoresho byo kwishyuza muburayi uracyari inyuma cyane kugurisha imodoka nshya zingufu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byagereranijwe ko igipimo rusange cy’amashanyarazi ya EV mu Burayi kizaba 9.0 na 12.3 muri 2020 na 2021, kikaba kiri ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Politiki izihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza mu Burayi, bizamura cyane icyifuzo cya sitasiyo zishyuza. Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza 360,000 izabera mu Burayi mu 2021, kandi isoko rishya rizaba hafi miliyoni 470. Biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko rishya rya sitasiyo yo kwishyuza mu Burayi izagera kuri miliyari 3.7 USD mu 2025, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere uzakomeza kuba mwinshi kandi umwanya w’isoko ni munini.

Amashanyarazi 2

Inkunga y'Abanyamerika ntabwo yigeze ibaho, itera imbaraga cyane. Ku isoko ry’Amerika, mu Gushyingo 2021, Sena yemeje ku mugaragaro umushinga w’ibikorwa remezo by’ibice bibiri, uteganya gushora miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari mu kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo. ku ya 14 Nzeri 2022, Biden yatangaje mu imurikagurisha ry’imodoka rya Detroit ryemeje ko miliyoni 900 z’amadorali ya mbere yo gutera inkunga gahunda y’ibikorwa remezo yo kubaka sitasiyo zishyuza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi muri leta 35. Kuva muri Kanama 2022, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zihutishije inkunga z’ubwubatsi kuri sitasiyo zishyirwaho n’imiturire n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo byihutishe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sitasiyo. Umubare w'inkunga yo gutura kuri sitasiyo imwe ya AC charger yibanze muri US $ 200-500; umubare w'inkunga kuri sitasiyo rusange ya AC ni mwinshi, wibanze ku madorari ya Amerika 3.000-6,000, ashobora kwishyura 40% -50% yo kugura ibikoresho byo kwishyuza, kandi bigateza imbere abakiriya kugura amashanyarazi ya EV. Hamwe no gushimangira politiki, biteganijwe ko sitasiyo zishyuza mu Burayi no muri Amerika zizatangiza igihe cyubwubatsi bwihuse mu myaka mike iri imbere.

DC EV Amashanyarazi Iterambere muri Amerika

Guverinoma ya Amerika iteza imbere cyane ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza, kandi ibisabwa kuri sitasiyo zishyirwaho bizatera imbere byihuse. Tesla iteza imbere iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu ku isoko ry’Amerika, ariko kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bikiri inyuma y’iterambere ry’imodoka nshya. Mu mpera za 2021, sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu muri Amerika yari 113.000, mu gihe umubare w’imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zingana na miliyoni 2.202, aho sitasiyo y’ibinyabiziga igera kuri 15.9.

Kubaka sitasiyo yumuriro biragaragara ko bidahagije. Ubuyobozi bwa Biden buteza imbere kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza EV binyuze muri gahunda ya NEVI. Mu gihugu hose hazashyirwaho umuyoboro wa sitasiyo 500.000 zishyirwaho mu 2030, hamwe n’ibipimo bishya byo kwishyuza umuvuduko, gukwirakwiza abakoresha, gukorana, uburyo bwo kwishyura, ibiciro n’ibindi. Kwiyongera kw’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu hamwe n’inkunga ikomeye ya politiki bizatuma iterambere ryihuta ry’ibikenerwa kuri sitasiyo. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro mushya w’ibinyabiziga by’ingufu muri Amerika n’igurisha biriyongera cyane, aho imodoka nshya z’ingufu 652.000 zagurishijwe mu 2021 bikaba biteganijwe ko zizagera kuri miliyoni 3.07 muri 2025, hamwe na CAGR ya 36.6%, naho imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zikagera kuri miliyoni 9.06. Sitasiyo yishyuza nibikorwa remezo byingenzi kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu, kandi izamuka ryimitungo mishya yingufu zigomba guherekezwa no kwishyiriraho ibirundo kugirango ibyifuzo bya nyiri ibinyabiziga bikenerwe.

Biteganijwe ko Leta zunzubumwe zamerika zishyuza sitasiyo zisabwa gukomeza kwiyongera byihuse, isoko ryagutse. 2021 ingano y’isoko ry’amashanyarazi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ni nto, hafi miliyoni 180 z’amadolari y’Amerika, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya y’ingufu zazanywe na charger ya EV ishyigikira icyifuzo cy’ubwubatsi, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’amashanyarazi ya EV rizagera kuri rusange. ubunini bwa miliyari 2.78 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2025, CAGR kugeza 70%, isoko rikomeje kwiyongera vuba, umwanya w'isoko uzaza ni munini. Isoko rikomeje kwiyongera vuba, kandi isoko ryigihe kizaza rifite umwanya munini.