Nibihe Bikuru Byingenzi bigize Amashanyarazi

Intangiriro

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zimaze kumenyekana cyane kubera ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije no gukoresha neza ibicuruzwa biva mu mavuta yakoreshejwe. Ariko, kugirango EVS ikomeze, ba nyirubwite bagomba kubishyuza buri gihe. Aha niho amashanyarazi ya EV yinjira. Amashanyarazi ya EV ni ibikoresho bitanga ingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango bongere bateri yimodoka zamashanyarazi. Ni ngombwa kugira ubumenyi bwibanze bwibigize kugirango wumve uko amashanyarazi ya EV akora. Muri iyi blog, tuzasesengura ibice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi ya EV hamwe nakamaro kayo mugikorwa cyo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

Ibisobanuro muri make bya chargeri ya EV

Imashanyarazi ya EV ni ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi kuri bateri yimodoka zamashanyarazi. Baza muburyo butandukanye, harimo urwego 1, urwego 2, nurwego rwa 3. Amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwa 1 yamashanyarazi niyo atinda cyane, atanga volt zigera kuri 120 zingufu zumuriro (AC) hamwe na kilowati 2.4. Amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwa 2 arihuta, atanga volt zigera kuri 240 za AC na 19 kW. Amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwa 3, azwi kandi nka DC yihuta ya charger, niyo yihuta cyane, atanga volt zigera kuri 480 z'amashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) hamwe na 350 kWt. Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta akoreshwa mubucuruzi kandi arashobora gutanga amafaranga yuzuye kuri EV mugihe cyiminota 30.

Akamaro ko Gusobanukirwa Ibyingenzi Byibanze bya EV

Gusobanukirwa ibice byingenzi bigize charger ya EV ningirakamaro kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, yemerera ba nyiri EV guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa charger kubinyabiziga byabo no gukenera. Byongeye kandi, barashobora gufata ibyemezo bizeye kubijyanye no gukora ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byizewe. Irafasha kandi ba nyiri EV gukemura ibibazo byo kwishyuza no gukora ibikoresho byingenzi bya charger.

Hanyuma, gusobanukirwa ibice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi ya EV birakenewe kugirango umutekano wumuriro urindwe. Kumenya uko amashanyarazi ya EV akora, banyiri EV barashobora gufata ingamba zisabwa kugirango bakumire ingaruka zamashanyarazi kandi barebe ko uburyo bwo kwishyuza butekanye kandi neza.

Amashanyarazi

Amashanyarazi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize amashanyarazi ya EV. Ihindura amashanyarazi ya AC cyangwa DC amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi akwiye hamwe numuyoboro kugirango ushire bateri ya EV. Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi mubisanzwe bigizwe na transformateur, ikosora, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwumuzunguruko.

Ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi

Imashanyarazi ya EV ikoresha ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwamashanyarazi: AC na DC. Urwego rwa 1 nu rwego rwa 2 charger zikoresha amashanyarazi ya AC, kandi zihindura ingufu za AC kuva kuri gride mumashanyarazi akwiye hamwe numuyoboro ukenewe kugirango ushire bateri ya EV. Kurundi ruhande, charger zo murwego rwa 3 zikoresha amashanyarazi ya DC, kandi zihindura ingufu za DC nyinshi ziva mumashanyarazi zikajya mumashanyarazi akwiye hamwe numuyoboro ukenewe kugirango ushire bateri ya EV.

Akamaro ko gutanga amashanyarazi yo kwishyuza umuvuduko no gukora neza

Amashanyarazi nigice cyingenzi cyumuriro wa EV, kuko igena umuvuduko wumuriro nuburyo bwiza. Irashobora kwishyuza EV byihuse niba ifite imbaraga zihagije, mugihe amashanyarazi make adashobora kuvamo igihe cyo kwishyuza gahoro. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi meza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru arashobora kunoza imikorere yuburyo bwo kwishyuza, akemeza ko azigama ingufu kandi ko uburyo bwo kwishyuza buhendutse bishoboka. Gusobanukirwa iki gice cyumuriro wa EV ningirakamaro muguhitamo charger ikwiye kuri EV no kwemeza ko uburyo bwo kwishyuza bukora neza kandi neza.

Umuhuza

Umuhuza agizwe nicyuma, kijya mumashanyarazi yimodoka, hamwe na sock. Gucomeka na sock bifite pin bihuye kandi bihuza gukora amashanyarazi. Ipine irashobora gukora urutonde rwumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na voltage bitashyushye cyane cyangwa bitera amashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bwabahuza

Ubwoko butandukanye bwihuza buraboneka kuri EV kwishyuza, buri kimwe gifite ibyiza nibibi. Dore bimwe mubisanzwe:

Ubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772):Ihuza rifite pin eshanu, urashobora kuyibona cyane cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Buyapani. Ifite ingufu nkeya ugereranije (kugeza kuri amps 16), ituma ikwiranye na sisitemu yo kwishyuza buhoro kandi buciriritse.

Ubwoko bwa 2 (IEC 62196):Ubu bwoko bwihuza bufite amapine arindwi. Uburayi na Ositaraliya birabikoresha cyane. Ifasha urwego rwinshi rwamashanyarazi (kugeza kuri 43 kWt), ituma bikwiranye no kwishyurwa byihuse.

CHAdeMO:Iyi connexion ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumodoka kugirango DC yishyure vuba kandi yiganje mubuyapani. Imiterere yacyo "imbunda" irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 62.5 kWt.

CCS:Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza (CCS) ni umuhuza usanzwe uhuza Ubwoko bwa 2 AC uhuza hamwe na pin ebyiri ziyongera. Iragenda igaragara cyane mu binyabiziga ku isi kandi ishyigikira kwishyurwa kugeza kuri kilowati 350.

Akamaro ko guhuza umuhuza imodoka

Guhuza ubwoko bwihuza na EV yishyuza neza ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze kandi ukore neza. Imashini nyinshi za EV ziza zifite ibyuma byubatswe bihuye nuburinganire bwakarere kabo, ariko moderi zimwe zigufasha guhinduranya ubwoko bwihuza ukoresheje adapteri. Mugihe uhitamo sitasiyo yo kwishyuza, menya ko ifite umuhuza uhuza na EV yawe. Ugomba kandi kugenzura igipimo cyingufu zumuhuza hamwe na sitasiyo kugirango umenye neza ibyo ukeneye kwishyurwa.

Umugozi wo kwishyuza

Umugozi wo kwishyuzani ihuriro hagati yo kwishyuza na EV. Itwara amashanyarazi kuva kuri sitasiyo yumuriro kugeza kuri bateri ya EV. Ubwiza n'ubwoko bwa kabili yo kwishyuza ikoreshwa birashobora kugira ingaruka kumuvuduko no gukora neza muburyo bwo kwishyuza.

Ubwoko bw'insinga zo kwishyuza

Ibice bibiri byingenzi bigizwe na EV charger yumuriro wa kabili: umuhuza uhuza EV na kabili ubwayo. Ubusanzwe insinga ikozwe mubikoresho bikomeye cyane nkumuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu kugirango ihangane nuburemere bwa EV zitandukanye. Biroroshye kandi byoroshye kuyobora. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'insinga zo kwishyuza ziraboneka kuri EV, kandi ubwoko bwa kabili busabwa bizaterwa no gukora na moderi yikinyabiziga. Umugozi wo mu bwoko bwa 1 ukunze gukoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Buyapani, mu gihe insinga zo mu bwoko bwa 2 zizwi cyane mu Burayi.

Akamaro ko kwishyuza insinga z'uburebure no guhinduka

Uburebure bwa kabili yuburebure nubworoherane birashobora kugira ingaruka kumutekano numutekano wibikorwa. Umugozi mugufi urashobora koroha cyane kwishyuza ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi cyangwa hafunganye, ariko umugozi muremure urashobora gukenerwa kugirango ushire ahantu hafunguye cyangwa ahantu kure. Umugozi woroshye cyane urashobora koroha gutunganya no kubika ariko birashobora kuba bitaramba kandi bikunda kwangirika. Guhitamo umugozi wo kwishyuza ukwiranye nuburyo bwihariye bwo kwishyuza hamwe na moderi ya EV ni ngombwa. Gukoresha insinga zidahuye cyangwa zangiritse birashobora guteza umutekano muke cyangwa kwangiza icyambu cya EV.

Akanama gashinzwe kugenzura

Igenzura ni ubwonko bwa sitasiyo yishyuza. Igenzura uburyo bwo kwishyuza kandi ikemeza ko bateri ya EV ifite umutekano kandi neza. Ikibaho cyateguwe neza ni ngombwa kubwizerwa n'umutekano bya sitasiyo yishyuza. Mubisanzwe bigizwe na microcontroller, voltage na sensor ya none, relay, nibindi bice.

Imikorere yinama y'ubugenzuzi

Ubuyobozi bukora imirimo myinshi ikomeye ituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa neza kandi neza. Bimwe muribi bikorwa birimo:

Gucunga amashanyarazi hamwe na voltage:Igenga amashanyarazi na voltage bitangwa kuri bateri ya EV ukurikije uko yishyuza, ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwa bateri, nibindi bintu. Kandi iremeza kwishyuza bateri neza kugirango yongere ubuzima bwayo kandi irinde kwangirika.

Gushyikirana na EV:Ubuyobozi bugenzura kuvugana na mudasobwa ya EV kuri mudasobwa kugirango bahanahana amakuru kubyerekeranye na bateri, igipimo cyo kwishyuza, nibindi bipimo. Iri tumanaho ryemerera sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho uburyo bwo kwishyuza kuri moderi yihariye ya EV.

Gukurikirana uburyo bwo kwishyuza:Ihora ikurikirana uko uburyo bwo kwishyuza bumeze, harimo voltage, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe bwa batiri ya lithium-ion hamwe na sitasiyo yumuriro. Ubuyobozi bugenzura kandi bugaragaza ibintu bidasanzwe muburyo bwo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hejuru. Ifata ingamba zikwiye kugirango wirinde ingaruka z'umutekano, nko guhagarika kwishyuza cyangwa kugabanya ikigezweho.

Akamaro k'ubuyobozi bwateguwe neza bugamije umutekano no kwizerwa

Ikibaho cyateguwe neza ningirakamaro mukurinda no kwizerwa bya sitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi ubwayo. Iremeza ko bateri ya EV yishyurwa neza kandi ikarinda kwishyuza birenze cyangwa kwishyurwa, bishobora kwangiza bateri. Ku rundi ruhande, ikibaho cyateguwe nabi kuri sitasiyo zishyuza kirashobora gutuma habaho kwishyurwa bidakwiriye, kwangirika kwa batiri, cyangwa no guhungabanya umutekano nk’umuriro cyangwa amashanyarazi. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa guhitamo sitasiyo yumuriro hamwe nubuyobozi bwateguwe neza kandi ugakurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe kugirango yishyure neza kandi neza.

Umukoresha Imigaragarire

Umukoresha Imigaragarire ni igice cyo kwishyuza umukoresha akorana nabo. Mubisanzwe birimo ecran, buto, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byinjiza byemerera umukoresha kwinjiza amakuru no kugenzura inzira yo kwishyuza. Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza irashobora guhuza cyangwa guhuza imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze igikoresho gitandukanye.

Ubwoko bwabakoresha interineti

Sitasiyo ya EV ikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwabakoresha interineti. Bimwe mubikunze kugaragara harimo:

Mugukoraho:Imigaragarire ya touchscreen yemerera uyikoresha kugenzura uburyo bwo kwishyuza ukanda kuri ecran. Irashobora kwerekana amakuru atandukanye yerekeye uburyo bwo kwishyuza, nkuburyo bwo kwishyuza, igihe gisigaye, nigiciro.

Porogaramu igendanwa:Imigaragarire ya porogaramu igendanwa yemerera abakoresha kugenzura uburyo bwo kwishyuza ukoresheje terefone cyangwa tableti. Porogaramu irashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo yerekeye inzira yo kwishyuza, igafasha abakoresha gutangira, guhagarika, cyangwa guteganya amafaranga kure.

Umusomyi w'ikarita ya RFID:Imigaragarire ya karita ya RFID yemerera abakoresha gutangiza icyiciro cyo kwishyuza bakoresheje ikarita ya RFID cyangwa fob. Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho imenya ikarita yumukoresha kandi itangira inzira yo kwishyuza.

Akamaro k'umukoresha-woroheje interineti kugirango byoroshye gukoresha

Umukoresha-ukoresha interineti ningirakamaro kugirango byoroshye gukoreshwa nuburambe bwiza bwo kwishyuza. Imigaragarire yateguwe neza igomba kuba intuitive, yoroshye kuyiyobora, kandi igatanga amakuru asobanutse kandi yuzuye kubyerekeye uburyo bwo kwishyuza. Igomba kandi kugera kubakoresha bose, harimo abafite ubumuga cyangwa kugenda buke. Kandi interineti-yorohereza abakoresha irashobora kandi gufasha kugabanya amakosa yukoresha no gukumira ingaruka z'umutekano. Kurugero, buto isobanutse kandi igaragara ihagarikwa ryihutirwa irashobora kwemerera uyikoresha guhagarika inzira yo kwishyuza mugihe cyihutirwa.

Umwanzuro

Mu gusoza, amashanyarazi ya EV nigice cyingenzi cyurwego rwose rwa EV hamwe no kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo ubwabyo, kandi gusobanukirwa ibyingenzi byingenzi ningirakamaro muguhitamo charger ikwiye. Amashanyarazi, insinga yumuriro, umuhuza, ikibaho cyo kugenzura, hamwe n’imikoreshereze y’abakoresha nibyo bice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi ya EV, buri kimwe kigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo kwishyuza. Guhitamo charger hamwe nibice bikwiye kugirango ibikorwa byo kwishyuza neza ni ngombwa. Mugihe ibyifuzo bya EV hamwe na sitasiyo zishyuza bigenda byiyongera, gusobanukirwa ibi bice bizarushaho kuba ingenzi kubafite EV hamwe nubucuruzi.