Vietnam EV Inganda: Gusobanukirwa amahirwe ya B2B kubigo byamahanga

Hagati y’imihindagurikire idasanzwe ku isi irimo guhindura ejo hazaza h’ubwikorezi, isoko ry’imodoka (EV) rihagaze ku isonga mu guhanga udushya mu bihugu byinshi ku isi kandi Vietnam nayo ntisanzwe.

Ntabwo aribintu byayobowe nabaguzi gusa. Mu gihe inganda za EV zigenda ziyongera, ubufatanye bw’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi (B2B) bwarakomeje, aho ibigo bishobora gutanga ibice nibigize cyangwa serivisi zinyuranye zifungura amahirwe menshi yunguka. Kuva kwiyongera gukenewe kubikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza EV kugeza mubikorwa bigenda byogukora bateri no gutanga, isi ishoboka irategereje.

Ariko muri Vietnam, inganda ziracyatera imbere. Muri uru rumuri, ibigo ku isoko birashobora kungukirwa ninyungu ya mbere yimuka; icyakora, iyi nayo ishobora kuba inkota ityaye kuburyo bashobora gukenera gushora imari mugutezimbere isoko muri rusange.

Hamwe nibitekerezo, turatanga incamake muri make amahirwe ya B2B mumashanyarazi yimodoka muri Vietnam.

Inzitizi zinjira mu isoko rya EV muri Vietnam
Ibikorwa Remezo
Isoko rya EV muri Vietnam rihura nimbogamizi nyinshi zijyanye nibikorwa remezo. Hamwe n’ibisabwa kuri EVS, gushiraho umuyoboro ukomeye wo kwishyuza biba ngombwa kugirango ushyigikire abantu benshi. Muri iki gihe, Vietnam irahura n’imbogamizi kubera kubura sitasiyo zishyuza, ubushobozi buke bw’amashanyarazi, ndetse no kuba nta protocole isanzwe yishyurwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi bintu birashobora guteza ibibazo mubikorwa byubucuruzi.
Minisitiri wungirije ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, Le Anh Tuan, yabwiye amahugurwa mu mpera z'umwaka ushize ati: "Hariho n'imbogamizi zo kugera ku ntego z'inganda za EV zo guhindura ibinyabiziga, nka gahunda y'ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu bitaruzuza cyane amashanyarazi."

Ibi byerekana ko guverinoma izi ibibazo by’imiterere kandi ko ishobora gushyigikira ibikorwa byigenga byigenga biteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byingenzi.

Irushanwa riva kubakinnyi bashinzwe
Ikibazo gishobora kuba ku bafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga bafata ingamba zo gutegereza-bakareba bishobora guturuka ku guhatana gukomeye ku isoko rya Vietnam. Mugihe ubushobozi bw’inganda za EV za Vietnam bugenda bugaragara, ubwiyongere bw’inganda z’amahanga zinjira muri uyu murenge ugenda ziyongera zishobora guteza amarushanwa akaze.

Ubucuruzi bwa B2B ku isoko rya EV muri Vietnam ntibuhura gusa n’abakinnyi bakomeye mu gihugu, nka VinFast, ariko no mu bindi bihugu. Aba bakinnyi akenshi bafite uburambe, ibikoresho, hamwe nuruhererekane rwo gutanga. Abakinnyi benshi muri iri soko, nka Tesla (USA), BYD (Ubushinwa), na Volkswagen (Ubudage), bose bafite ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bishobora kuba ikibazo cyo guhangana nabyo.

Politiki n'ibidukikije
Isoko rya EV, kimwe nizindi nganda, riterwa na politiki n'amabwiriza ya leta. Ndetse na nyuma yubufatanye bumaze kugerwaho hagati yamasosiyete abiri, barashobora guhura nibibazo bijyanye no kugendera kumabwiriza akomeye kandi agenda atera imbere, kubona ibyemezo bikenewe, no kubahiriza ubuziranenge.

Vuba aha, guverinoma ya Vietnam yasohoye itegeko rigenga kugenzura no kwemeza umutekano wa tekiniki no kurengera ibidukikije ku binyabiziga bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibice. Ibi byongeyeho urwego rwinyongera rwamabwiriza kubatumiza hanze. Iri teka rizatangira gukurikizwa ku bice by'imodoka guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, hanyuma rizakurikizwa ku modoka zuzuye zuzuye guhera mu ntangiriro za Kanama 2025.

Politiki nkiyi irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwiza ninyungu zubucuruzi bukorera mumirenge ya EV. Byongeye kandi, impinduka muri politiki ya leta, gushimangira, n’inkunga zirashobora gutera gushidikanya kandi bikagira ingaruka ku igenamigambi ry’igihe kirekire.

Kubona impano, icyuho cyubuhanga
Kubikorwa bya B2B bigenda neza, abakozi bafite uruhare runini. Inganda zigenda ziyongera, harasabwa abahanga babahanga bafite ubuhanga mubuhanga bwa EV. Ariko, kubona abanyamwuga babishoboye bishobora kuba ikibazo kubucuruzi muri Vietnam kuko haracyari ikibazo cyibigo byuburezi bitoza byumwihariko inganda. Niyo mpamvu, ibigo bishobora guhura nimbogamizi mu gushaka no kugumana abakozi babishoboye. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wihuse witerambere ryikoranabuhanga bisaba amahugurwa ahoraho no kuzamura abakozi bariho, bishobora kurushaho gukaza ikibazo.

Amahirwe
Nubwo imbogamizi zihari ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, biragaragara ko umusaruro wa EV uzakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe impungenge zijyanye n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ndetse n’ingufu z’ingufu zigenda ziyongera.

Mu rwego rwa Vietnam, kwiyongera gushishikaje kubakiriya bashishikajwe no kwakirwa na EV byagaragaye cyane. Umubare wa EV muri Vietnam uteganijwe kugera kuri miliyoni 1 muri 2028 na miliyoni 3,5 muri 2040 nkuko Statista ibitangaza. Iki cyifuzo kinini giteganijwe kongerera ingufu izindi nganda zishyigikira, nkibikorwa remezo, kwishyuza ibisubizo, hamwe na serivisi za EV zifasha. Nkibyo, inganda za EV zavutse muri Vietnam zerekana ubutaka bwimbuka bwa B2B hamwe namahirwe yo kugirana ubufatanye no kubyaza umusaruro iyi soko igaragara.

Ibigize inganda nikoranabuhanga
Muri Vietnam, hari amahirwe akomeye ya B2B mubice bigize ibinyabiziga nikoranabuhanga. Kwinjiza EV mu isoko ryimodoka byatanze ibisabwa kubintu bitandukanye nkamapine nibice byabigenewe kimwe no gukenera imashini zikoranabuhanga.
Urugero rumwe rugaragara muri iyi domeni ni ABB yo muri Suwede, yatanze robot zirenga 1.000 ku ruganda rwa VinFast i Hai Phong. Hamwe na robo, VinFast igamije kuzamura umusaruro wa moto namashanyarazi. Ibi birerekana ubushobozi bwamasosiyete mpuzamahanga gutanga ubumenyi bwayo muri robo nogukora kugirango bunganire inganda zaho.

Irindi terambere rikomeye ni ishoramari rya Foxconn mu ntara ya Quang Ninh, aho iyi sosiyete yemerewe na guverinoma ya Vietnam gushora miliyoni 246 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu mishinga ibiri. Igice kinini cy’ishoramari, kingana na miliyoni 200 US $, kizagenerwa ishyirwaho ry’uruganda rugenewe gukora amashanyarazi ya EV hamwe n’ibigize. Biteganijwe ko bizatangira gukora muri Mutarama 2025.

Kwishyuza EV no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo
Iterambere ryihuse ryisoko rya EV risaba ishoramari rikomeye, cyane cyane mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo. Ibi birimo kubaka sitasiyo yo kwishyuza no kuzamura amashanyarazi. Muri kano karere, Vietnam yeze n'amahirwe yo gufatanya.

Kurugero, amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Groupe Petrolimex na VinFast muri kamena 2022 azabona sitasiyo yumuriro ya VinFast yashyizwe kumurongo munini wa peteroli ya peteroli. VinFast izatanga kandi serivisi yo gukodesha bateri kandi yorohereze ishyirwaho rya sitasiyo yo kubungabunga igenewe gusana EV.

Kwishyira hamwe kwa sitasiyo zishyuza muri sitasiyo ya lisansi isanzwe ntabwo byorohereza gusa ba nyiri EV kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byabo ahubwo binakoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari bizana inyungu mubucuruzi bugenda bugaragara ndetse na gakondo mubikorwa byimodoka.

Gusobanukirwa isoko rya serivisi za EV
Inganda za EV zitanga serivisi zitandukanye zirenze gukora, harimo gukodesha EV hamwe nigisubizo cyimikorere.

Serivisi za VinFast na Tagisi
VinFast yafashe icyemezo cyo gukodesha imodoka zabo z'amashanyarazi mubigo bitanga serivisi. Ikigaragara ni uko ishami ryabo, Green Sustainable Mobility (GSM), ryabaye imwe mu masosiyete ya mbere muri Vietnam yatanze iyi serivisi.
Tagisi ya Lado yinjije kandi imashini zigera ku 1.000 za VinFast, zikubiyemo moderi nka VF e34s na VF 5sPlus, kubera serivisi za tagisi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ntara nka Lam Dong na Binh Duong.

Mu rindi terambere rikomeye, Sun Tagisi yasinyanye amasezerano na VinFast yo kugura imodoka 3.000 VF 5s Plus, zerekana ko amato manini yaguzwe muri Vietnam kugeza ubu, nk'uko raporo y’imari ya Vingroup H1 2023 ibigaragaza.

Selex Motors na Lazada Ibikoresho
Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, Selex Motors na Lazada Logistics basinyanye amasezerano yo gukoresha ibimoteri by'amashanyarazi bya Selex Camel mu bikorwa byabo mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh na Hanoi. Mu rwego rw’amasezerano, Selex Motors yashyikirije Lazada Logistics ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi mu Kuboza 2022, iteganya gukora byibura imodoka 100 mu 2023.

Dat Bike na Gojek
Dat Bike, isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi yo muri Vietnam yo muri Vietnam, yateye intambwe igaragara mu nganda zitwara abantu ubwo yinjiraga mu bufatanye na Gojek muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka. Ubu bufatanye bugamije guhindura serivisi zitwara abantu zitangwa na Gojek, harimo GoRide yo gutwara abagenzi, GoFood yo kugemura ibiryo, na GoSend hagamijwe kugemura muri rusange. Kugirango ukore ibi bizakoresha moto ya Dat Bike igezweho, moto ya Dat Bike Weaver ++, mubikorwa byayo.

VinFast, Ba Itsinda, na VPBank
VinFast yashora imari muri Be Group isosiyete ikora imodoka yikoranabuhanga, anashyiraho umukono kumasezerano yo gushyira moto yamashanyarazi ya VinFast. Byongeye kandi, ku nkunga ya Vietnam Prosperity Commercial Commercial Bank Bank (VPBank), abashoferi ba Be Group bahabwa inyungu zihariye mugihe cyo gukodesha cyangwa gutunga imodoka yamashanyarazi ya VinFast.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi
Mugihe isoko ryaguka kandi ibigo bigashimangira umwanya wamasoko yabo, bakeneye umuyoboro ukomeye wabatanga, abatanga serivise, nabafatanyabikorwa kugirango bakomeze ibikorwa byabo kugirango babone ibyo bakeneye. Ibi bifungura inzira kubufatanye bwa B2B nubufatanye nabinjira bashya bashobora gutanga ibisubizo bishya, ibice byihariye, cyangwa serivisi zuzuzanya.

Nubwo hakiri imbogamizi n’ingorabahizi ku bucuruzi muri uru ruganda rugenda rwiyongera, ntawahakana ubushobozi bw'ejo hazaza kuko iyakirwa rya EV rihuza n'amabwiriza y'ibikorwa by'ikirere hamwe n'ubukangurambaga ku baguzi.

Binyuze mu bufatanye bwo gutanga amasoko no gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, ubucuruzi bwa B2B burashobora gukoresha imbaraga za buri wese, guteza imbere udushya, no kugira uruhare muri rusange no guteza imbere inganda za EV za Vietnam.