Imigendekere yubushobozi bwo kwishyuza

Ubwiyongere bw'isoko ry'imodoka z'amashanyarazi bushobora kumva byanze bikunze: kwibanda ku kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO2, ikirere cya politiki kiriho ubu, ishoramari rya guverinoma n'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, hamwe no gukomeza gukurikirana sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi byose byerekana ko ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, nubwo, ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’abaguzi ryagiye rihagarikwa n’igihe kirekire cyo kwishyurwa no kubura ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza. Iterambere mu buhanga bwo kwishyuza EV rikemura ibyo bibazo, bituma kwishyurwa neza kandi byihuse murugo no mumuhanda. Kwishyuza ibice n'ibikorwa remezo birazamuka kugirango bikemure isoko rya EV ikura vuba, bitanga inzira yo kwiyongera gukabije mu gutwara amashanyarazi.

GUTWARA IMBARAGA INYUMA ISOKO

Ishoramari mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ryagiye ryiyongera mu myaka itari mike, ariko byongeweho kwitabwaho no gukenerwa byashimangiwe n'inzego zitandukanye z'abaturage. Kwiyongera kwibanda ku bisubizo by’ikirere byagaragaje akamaro k’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi - ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu moteri y’umuriro ndetse no gushora imari mu gutwara ingufu z’amashanyarazi byabaye intego rusange kuri guverinoma n’inganda. Ibi byibanda ku iterambere rirambye no kubungabunga umutungo kamere nabyo bitera ikoranabuhanga kugana kuri societe y’amashanyarazi yose - isi ifite ingufu zitagira imipaka zishingiye ku mutungo w’amashanyarazi udashobora kwangiza.
Aba bashoferi bashinzwe ibidukikije n’ikoranabuhanga bigaragarira mu byihutirwa by’amabwiriza agenga ishoramari n’ishoramari, cyane cyane hashingiwe ku itegeko ryo gushora imari n’ibikorwa remezo mu 2021, ryateganyaga miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari y’ibikorwa remezo bya EV ku rwego rw’igihugu, miliyari 2.5 z'amadolari yo kwishyuza no gutanga inkunga y'ibikorwa remezo, na miliyari 5 z'amadolari agana gahunda yigihugu yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ubuyobozi bwa Biden nabwo bukurikirana intego yo kubaka no gushyiraho sitasiyo zishyuza 500.000 DC mu gihugu hose.

Iyi myumvire irashobora no kugaragara kurwego rwa leta. Ibihugu birimo Californiya, Massachusetts, na New Jersey bikurikiza amategeko yo kwakira ibinyabiziga byose bifite amashanyarazi. Inguzanyo z’imisoro, uruganda rwa Electrify Amerika, gushimangira, na manda nabyo bigira ingaruka kubakoresha no kubakora kimwe no kwitabira ibikorwa bya EV.

Abakora amamodoka bifatanya kugana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kimwe. Abakora ibinyabiziga bayobora umurage barimo GM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, na Audi bahora bamenyekanisha moderi nshya za EV. Mu mpera za 2022, biteganijwe ko hazaba moderi zirenga 80 za EV hamwe na plug-in-Hybride iboneka ku isoko. Hariho umubare munini wabakora EV bashya binjira mumasoko, harimo Tesla, Lucid, Nikola, na Rivian.

Ibigo byingirakamaro nabyo byitegura societe yamashanyarazi yose. Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa by'ingirakamaro bikomeza imbere y'umurongo iyo bigeze ku mashanyarazi kugira ngo bikemuke, kandi ibikorwa remezo bikomeye birimo na microgrid bizakenerwa hagati y’ibihugu kugira ngo habeho sitasiyo zishyuza amashanyarazi. Itumanaho ryimodoka-kuri-Grid naryo rigenda ryiyongera mumihanda nyabagendwa.

INZIRA ZIKURIKIRA

Mugihe imbaraga zigenda ziyongera mugukwirakwizwa kwa EV, ibibazo byitezwe kubuza iterambere. Mugihe gushimangira bizashishikariza abaguzi cyangwa amato guhindukirira ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, barashobora kuzana gufata - hashobora kubaho urugendo rwa EV kugirango babashe kuvugana nibikorwa remezo kugirango bakurikirane ibirometero, bisaba guhanga udushya nibikorwa remezo byitumanaho hanze.

Imwe mu mbogamizi nini zibangamira iyakirwa rya EV kurwego rwabaguzi ni ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza kandi neza. Biteganijwe ko ibyambu byishyurwa miliyoni 9,6 bizakenerwa mu 2030 kugira ngo byemererwe kuzamuka kw’isoko rya EV. Hafi ya 80% yibyo byambu bizaba byishyurwa murugo, naho 20% bizaba byishyurwa rusange cyangwa aho bikorera. Kugeza ubu, abaguzi batinya kugura imodoka ya EV kubera guhangayikishwa cyane - impungenge z’uko imodoka yabo itazashobora gukora urugendo rurerure bitabaye ngombwa ko yishyurwa, kandi ko sitasiyo zishyuza zitazaboneka cyangwa zikora neza igihe bikenewe.

Amashanyarazi rusange cyangwa asangiwe byumwihariko agomba kuba ashobora gutanga hafi-guhora yihuta yo kwishyuza amasaha yose. Umushoferi uhagarara kuri sitasiyo yumuriro hafi yinzira nyabagendwa birashoboka ko akeneye amashanyarazi yihuse - sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho ingufu nyinshi irashobora guha ibinyabiziga hafi ya batiri yuzuye yuzuye nyuma yiminota mike yo kwishyuza.

Amashanyarazi yihuta arasaba ibitekerezo byihariye kugirango akore neza. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwamazi burakenewe kugirango pine zishiramo ubushyuhe bwiza kandi byongere igihe ikinyabiziga gishobora kwishyurwa numuyoboro mwinshi. Ahantu hishyurirwa ibinyabiziga byuzuye, kugumya guhuza imiyoboro bizakonjesha bizatanga amashanyarazi meza kandi meza kandi yizewe kugirango yuzuze ibicuruzwa bikenewe.

IBITEKEREZO BISHINGIYE KU BIKORWA BIKURIKIRA

Amashanyarazi ya EV aragenda yubakwa hibandwa mugutezimbere ububobere nubushobozi bwo kwishyuza imbaraga nyinshi kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byabashoferi ba EV no gutsinda amaganya. Imashanyarazi ya EV ifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe na amps 500 ishoboka bishoboka hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha no kugenzura amazi - umutwara woguhuza muguhuza amashanyarazi agaragaza ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi akanakora nk'icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe nkuko coolant ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe binyuze mumiyoboro ikonje ikonje. Amashanyarazi arimo sensor zitandukanye, zirimo ibyuma bikonjesha bikonjesha hamwe nogukurikirana neza ubushyuhe kuri buri mashanyarazi kugirango barebe ko pin zitarenga dogere selisiyusi 90. Niba urwo rugabano rugezeho, umugenzuzi wumuriro muri sitasiyo yumuriro agabanya ingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango ubushyuhe bwemerwe.

Imashanyarazi ya EV nayo igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira kwambara no kurira kandi byoroshye kubungabungwa. Imashanyarazi ya EV yagenewe kwambara no kurira, gufata nabi igihe bigira ingaruka kubashakanye byanze bikunze. Kwiyongera, charger zirimo gutegurwa hamwe nibice bya modular, bituma gusimburana byoroshye mumaso yo guhuza.
Imiyoboro ya kabili mumashanyarazi nayo ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo kuramba no kwizerwa. Intsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zirimo insinga z'umuringa, imirongo ikonjesha amazi, hamwe ninsinga zikorwa nyamara biracyafite kwihanganira gukururwa cyangwa gutwarwa hejuru. Ibindi bitekerezwaho harimo gufunga gufunga, kwemerera umushoferi kugenda (Modularite yisura yo gushyingiranwa hamwe nigishushanyo cyerekana umuvuduko ukabije) imodoka yabo yishyuza kuri sitasiyo rusange nta mpungenge ko umuntu ashobora guhagarika umugozi.