Inzira yo Kwishyuza Ibikorwa Remezo

Mugihe ibyinshi mubisabwa kwishyurwa byujujwe no kwishyuza urugo, charger zishyirwa kumugaragaro zirakenewe cyane kugirango zitange urwego rumwe rworoshye kandi rushoboka nko gusana ibinyabiziga bisanzwe. Mu mijyi ituwe cyane, cyane cyane aho usanga uburyo bwo kwishyuza amazu ari buke, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza rusange ni ikintu cyingenzi gifasha kwakirwa na EV. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2022, ku isi hose hari miliyoni 2.7 zishyuza abantu, zirenga 900 000 muri zo zashyizweho mu 2022, hafi 55% ku bubiko bwa 2021, kandi ugereranije n'ubwiyongere bw'icyorezo cya 50% hagati ya 2015 na 2015 2019.

Buhoro buhoro

Kwisi yose, ingingo zirenga 600 000 rusange zo kwishyuza buhoro1zashyizweho mu 2022, 360 000 muri zo zari mu Bushinwa, bituma ububiko bw’amashanyarazi atinda mu gihugu bugera kuri miliyoni zirenga. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2022, Ubushinwa bwari butuwemo kimwe cya kabiri cy'imigabane ku isi yose yishyuza buhoro.

Uburayi buza ku mwanya wa kabiri, hamwe na 460 000 zose zitwara amashanyarazi buhoro muri 2022, byiyongereyeho 50% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Ubuholandi buyoboye Uburayi hamwe 117 000, bukurikirwa na 74 000 mu Bufaransa na 64 000 mu Budage. Umubare w’amashanyarazi atinda muri Amerika wiyongereyeho 9% mu 2022, umuvuduko muke w’iterambere mu masoko akomeye. Muri Koreya, ububiko bwo kwishyuza buhoro bwikubye kabiri umwaka ushize, bugera ku 184 000.

Amashanyarazi yihuta

Amashanyarazi yihuta ashobora kugerwaho cyane cyane aherereye kumihanda nyabagendwa, ashoboza ingendo ndende kandi arashobora gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye, inzitizi yo kwakirwa na EV. Kimwe na chargeri zitinda, amashanyarazi yihuta nayo atanga ibisubizo byokoresha kubaguzi badafite uburyo bwizewe bwo kwishyuza abikorera ku giti cyabo, bityo bigashishikarizwa kwakirwa na EV mubice byinshi byabaturage. Umubare wa charger yihuta wiyongereyeho 330 000 kwisi yose muri 2022, nubwo na none ubwinshi (hafi 90%) bwubwiyongere bwaturutse mubushinwa. Kohereza ibicuruzwa byihuse byishyura uburyo bwo kutabona amashanyarazi murugo mu mijyi ituwe cyane kandi bigashyigikira intego z’Ubushinwa zo kohereza vuba vuba. Ubushinwa bufite amashanyarazi 760 000 yihuta, ariko arenze umubare rusange w’ibicuruzwa byihuta byishyurwa biri mu ntara icumi gusa.

Mu Burayi muri rusange ibicuruzwa byihuta byishyurwa byari hejuru ya 70 000 mu mpera za 2022, byiyongereyeho 55% ugereranije na 2021. Ibihugu bifite ububiko bwihuta cyane ni Ubudage (hejuru ya 12 000), Ubufaransa (9 700) na Noruveje. (9 000). Hariho icyifuzo kigaragara hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kurushaho guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byishyurwa rusange, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’agateganyo ku bijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo by’ibikorwa remezo (AFIR) byashyizweho, bizashyiraho ibisabwa kugira ngo bishyure amashanyarazi hirya no hino mu bihugu by’Uburayi bitwara abantu (TEN) )

Amerika yashyizeho amashanyarazi 6 yihuta mu 2022, hafi bitatu bya kane muri byo byari Tesla Superchargers. Umubare w’amashanyarazi yihuta wageze kuri 28 000 mu mpera za 2022.Biteganijwe koherezwa ryihuta mu myaka iri imbere nyuma y’uko leta ibyemeje (NEVI). Intara zose z’Amerika, Washington DC, na Porto Rico zitabira iyi gahunda, kandi zimaze gutangwa miliyoni 885 USD yo gutera inkunga mu 2023 yo gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’amashanyarazi mu birometero 122 000 by’umuhanda. Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’imihanda yo muri Amerika bwatangaje ibipimo ngenderwaho bishya by’igihugu ku mashanyarazi ya EV yatewe inkunga na federasiyo kugira ngo bihamye, byiringirwa, bigerwaho kandi bihuze. y'ibipimo bishya, Tesla yatangaje ko izafungura igice cya Supercharger yo muri Amerika (aho Superchargers ihagarariye 60% byimigabane yose yumuriro wihuse muri Amerika) hamwe numuyoboro wa Destination Charger kubatari Tesla EV.

Ingingo zo kwishyuza rusange zirakenewe cyane kugirango zishobore kwaguka kuri EV

Kohereza ibikorwa remezo byishyuza rusange mugutegereza ko izamuka ry’igurisha rya EV ari ingenzi mu kwamamara kwa EV. Muri Noruveje, nk'urugero, amashanyarazi ya LDVs agera kuri 1.3 kuri buri mwanya wishyuza rusange muri 2011, washyigikiraga gukomeza kwakirwa. Mu mpera za 2022, hejuru ya 17% ya LDVs ni BEV, muri Noruveje hari BEV 25 kuri buri muntu. Muri rusange, uko umugabane wimigabane ya batiri yumuriro LDVs wiyongera, aho kwishyuza kuri BEV igabanuka. Ubwiyongere mu kugurisha EV burashobora gukomeza gusa mugihe icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza cyujujwe nibikorwa remezo byoroshye kandi bihendutse, haba binyuze mumashanyarazi yigenga mumazu cyangwa kukazi, cyangwa sitasiyo yishyuza kumugaragaro.

Ikigereranyo cyamashanyarazi LDV kuri charger rusange

Ikibanza rusange cyo kwishyiriraho kuri bateri-amashanyarazi LDV mubihugu byatoranijwe kurwanya amashanyarazi ya LDV umugabane

Mugihe PHEV zidashingiye kubikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza rusange kuruta BEV, gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kuboneka bihagije kugirango bishyurwe bigomba kubamo (no gushishikariza) kwishyuza PHEV rusange. Niba umubare rusange w'amashanyarazi LDVs kuri point de charge, urebye impuzandengo yisi yose muri 2022 yari hafi ya EV icumi kuri charger. Ibihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Koreya n'Ubuholandi byagumije imashini zitarenga icumi kuri buri charger mu myaka yashize. Mu bihugu byishingikiriza cyane ku kwishyuza rusange, umubare w’amashanyarazi ashobora kugerwaho ku mugaragaro wagiye wiyongera ku muvuduko uhuye cyane no kohereza EV.

Nyamara, mumasoko amwe arangwa no kuboneka kwinshi kwishyurwa ryinzu (kubera umugabane munini wamazu yumuryango umwe ufite amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho charger) umubare wa EV kuri buri kwishyuza rusange urashobora kuba mwinshi. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, ikigereranyo cya EV kuri buri charger ni 24, naho muri Noruveje kirenga 30. Mugihe isoko ryinjira muri EVS ryiyongera, kwishyuza rubanda bigenda biba ngombwa, ndetse no muri ibi bihugu, kugirango bishyigikire EV mu bashoferi. badafite uburyo bwo kubona urugo rwiherereye cyangwa aho bakorera. Ariko, igipimo cyiza cya EV kuri buri charger kizatandukana ukurikije imiterere yaho hamwe nubushoferi bukenewe.

Birashoboka ko icyingenzi kirenze umubare wamashanyarazi rusange aboneka nubushobozi rusange bwo kwishyuza rusange kuri EV, bitewe nuko charger yihuta ishobora gutanga EV nyinshi kuruta charger zitinda. Mugihe cyambere cyo kwakirwa na EV, birumvikana ko ingufu zishyurwa ziboneka kuri EV ziba nyinshi, ukeka ko imikoreshereze yumuriro izaba mike ugereranije kugeza igihe isoko rizakura no gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bikarushaho gukora neza. Mu buryo bunoze, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi kuri AFIR urimo ibisabwa kugira ngo ingufu zose zitangwa hashingiwe ku bunini bw’amato yanditswe.

Kwisi yose, impuzandengo yubushobozi rusange bwo kwishyuza rusange kumashanyarazi LDV ni hafi 2,4 kW kuri EV. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, igipimo kiri hasi, ugereranije ni 1,2 kW kuri EV. Koreya ifite igipimo kinini kuri 7 kW kuri EV, ndetse nubushakashatsi rusange (90%) buba buhoro buhoro.

Umubare w'amashanyarazi LDV kuri point de charge rusange na kilowat kuri LDV y'amashanyarazi, 2022

Fungura

Umubare w'amashanyarazi LDV kuri point pointWW yo kwishyuza kumugaragaro amashanyarazi LDVsNew ZelandeIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenIntara zunze ubumweDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaIndonesiaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanThailandEuropeanIbihuguByiza AfurikaChileGreeceNetlandeKoreya08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (umurongo wo hasi)
• kw / EV (umurongo wo hejuru)

Mu turere aho amakamyo y’amashanyarazi agenda aboneka mu bucuruzi, amakamyo y’amashanyarazi ya batiri arashobora guhatana hashingiwe kuri TCO hamwe n’amakamyo asanzwe ya mazutu kugira ngo ibikorwa bigenda byiyongera, atari mu mijyi no mu karere gusa, ahubwo no mu bice bikurura amamodoka mu karere no mu bice birebire. . Ibipimo bitatu byerekana igihe bigerwaho ni imisoro; ibiciro bya lisansi nibikorwa (urugero: itandukaniro riri hagati ya mazutu nigiciro cyamashanyarazi abahura namakamyo bahura nacyo, no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga); n'inkunga ya CAPEX kugirango igabanye icyuho cyibiciro byo kugura imodoka imbere. Kubera ko amakamyo y’amashanyarazi ashobora gutanga ibikorwa bimwe hamwe nubuzima buke (harimo niba igiciro cyagabanijwe gikoreshwa), aho abafite ibinyabiziga biteze ko bazishyura ibiciro byimbere nikintu cyingenzi muguhitamo kugura ikamyo yamashanyarazi cyangwa isanzwe.

Ubukungu bwikamyo yamashanyarazi mubisabwa intera ndende burashobora kunozwa cyane mugihe ibiciro byo kwishyurwa bishobora kugabanuka mugukoresha “off-shift” (urugero nijoro-cyangwa ikindi gihe kirekire cyo gutinda) kwishyurwa gahoro, kubona amasezerano yo kugura byinshi hamwe nabakoresha amashanyarazi kuri "Hagati-yohinduranya" (urugero mugihe cyo kuruhuka), byihuse (kugeza kuri kilowati 350), cyangwa kwishyuza ultra-yihuta (> 350 kW), no gushakisha uburyo bwo kwishyuza ubwenge hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga kugirango ubone amafaranga yinyongera.

Amakamyo y'amashanyarazi na bisi bizashingira ku kwishyuza amashanyarazi ku mbaraga nyinshi. Ibi bizagerwaho ahanini kububiko bwigenga cyangwa bwigenga bwishyuza cyangwa kuri sitasiyo rusange kumihanda minini, kandi akenshi nijoro. Kubitsa muri serivisi ziyongera kubisabwa kugirango amashanyarazi akoreshwe cyane bizakenera gutezwa imbere, kandi mubihe byinshi birashobora gukenera gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya gride. Ukurikije ibipimo by'ibinyabiziga bisabwa, kwishyuza depo bizaba bihagije kugirango bikore ibikorwa byinshi muri bisi yo mumijyi ndetse no mumodoka yo mumijyi no mukarere.

Amabwiriza ateganya ibihe byo kuruhuka arashobora kandi gutanga idirishya ryigihe cyo kwishyuza hagati mugihe cyo guhitamo byihuse cyangwa ultra-yihuta yo kwishyurwa biboneka munzira: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi bisaba iminota 45 yo kuruhuka nyuma y’amasaha 4.5 yo gutwara; Amerika itegeka iminota 30 nyuma yamasaha 8.

Byinshi mubucuruzi biboneka bitaziguye (DC) byihuta byishyurwa byubu bitanga ingufu zingana na 250-350 kW. byagezweho n’inama y’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko bikubiyemo gahunda gahoro gahoro yo kohereza ibikorwa remezo ku binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi aremereye guhera mu 2025.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku bijyanye n’ingufu zikenerwa n’ibikorwa by’amakamyo yo mu karere ndetse n’igihe kirekire muri Amerika no mu Burayi birasanga ingufu zishyuza zirenga 350 kWt , kandi kugeza kuri MW 1, birashobora gusabwa kwishyuza byuzuye amakamyo yamashanyarazi mugihe cyo kuruhuka iminota 30 kugeza 45.

Amaze kubona ko ari ngombwa kwihutisha kwishyurwa byihuse cyangwa ultra-yihuta nkibisabwa kugira ngo haba mu karere ndetse na cyane cyane ibikorwa birebire mu buryo bwa tekiniki ndetse n’ubukungu, mu 2022 Traton, Volvo, na Daimler bashinze umushinga wigenga, Hamwe na EUR 500 miriyoni mu ishoramari rusange riva mu matsinda atatu akora imirimo iremereye, iyi gahunda igamije kohereza ibicuruzwa birenga 1 700 byihuse (300 kugeza 350 kW) hamwe na ultra-yihuta (1 MW) yishyuza mu Burayi.

Ibipimo byinshi byo kwishyuza birakoreshwa muri iki gihe, kandi ibisobanuro bya tekinike yo kwishyuza ultra-yihuta biri gutezwa imbere. Kugirango harebwe uburyo bushoboka bwose bwo guhuza ibipimo byishyurwa no gukorana n’imodoka ziremereye cyane bizakenerwa kugirango hirindwe ikiguzi, imikorere idahwitse, n’ingorabahizi ku batwara ibinyabiziga ndetse n’abakora ku rwego mpuzamahanga byashyirwaho n’abakora inzira zinyuranye.

Mu Bushinwa, abafatanyabikorwa mu nama ishinzwe amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa na “ultra ChaoJi” ya CHAdeMO barimo gutegura uburyo bwo kwishyuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi aremereye kuri megawatt nyinshi. Mu Burayi no muri Amerika, ibisobanuro kuri sisitemu yo kwishyuza ya CharIN Megawatt (MCS), ifite imbaraga zishoboka za. zirimo gutezwa imbere n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO) n’indi miryango. Ibisobanuro bya nyuma bya MCS, bizakenerwa kugira ngo ubucuruzi butangire, biteganijwe mu 2024. Nyuma y’ikibanza cya mbere cyo kwishyuza megawatt cyatanzwe na Daimler Trucks na Portland General Electric (PGE) mu 2021, ndetse n’ishoramari n’imishinga muri Otirishiya, Suwede , Espagne n'Ubwongereza.

Gucuruza ibicuruzwa bifite ingufu zingana na MW 1 bizakenera ishoramari rikomeye, kuko sitasiyo zifite ingufu nyinshi zizakenera amafaranga menshi mugushiraho no kuzamura gride. Kuvugurura ibikorwa rusange byubucuruzi bukoresha amashanyarazi namabwiriza yumurenge wamashanyarazi, guhuza igenamigambi mubarebwa nabafatanyabikorwa hamwe no kwishyuza ubwenge byose birashobora gufasha Inkunga itaziguye binyuze mumishinga yicyitegererezo hamwe nogushigikira imari birashobora kandi kwihutisha imyigaragambyo no kwakirwa mubyiciro byambere. Ubushakashatsi buherutse kwerekana bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byateganijwe mugutezimbere MCS yagenwe:

• Guteganya sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ahabikwa depo hafi yumurongo wogukwirakwiza no gusimbuza bishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyo kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikoreshereze yumuriro.
• Ihuza "Iburyo-buringaniye" rifitanye isano itaziguye n'umurongo woherejwe hakiri kare, bityo ugateganya ingufu zikenewe muri sisitemu aho imigabane myinshi yibikorwa by'imizigo yahawe amashanyarazi, aho kuzamura imiyoboro ikwirakwiza kuri ad-hoc kandi mugihe gito. shingiro, bizaba ingenzi kugabanya ibiciro. Ibi bizakenera igenamigambi ryubatswe kandi rihuriweho hagati yabakora gride no kwishyuza abashinzwe ibikorwa remezo mumirenge.
• Kubera ko sisitemu yohereza imiyoboro hamwe no kuzamura gride bishobora gufata imyaka 4-8, kwicara no kubaka sitasiyo zishyurwa byihutirwa bizakenera gutangira vuba bishoboka.

Ibisubizo birimo gushiraho ububiko buhagaze no guhuza ubushobozi bwaho bushobora kuvugururwa, hamwe no kwishyuza ubwenge, bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibiciro byibikorwa remezo bijyanye no guhuza imiyoboro hamwe n’amafaranga yo kugura amashanyarazi (urugero nko gufasha abakora amakamyo kugabanya ibiciro ukoresheje impaka z’ibiciro umunsi wose, bakifashisha y'imodoka-kuri-grid amahirwe, nibindi).

Ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ingufu kumashanyarazi aremereye cyane (HDVs) ni uguhinduranya bateri hamwe na sisitemu yumuhanda wamashanyarazi. Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irashobora guhererekanya ingufu mumamodoka haba mumashanyarazi yindimu mumuhanda, cyangwa binyuze mumiyoboro iyobora ikinyabiziga n'umuhanda, cyangwa binyuze mumirongo ya catenary (hejuru). Catenary hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kwishyiriraho imbaraga birashobora gutanga amasezerano yo kugabanya kaminuza yikiguzi cyo murwego rwa sisitemu muguhindura amakamyo ya zeru yoherejwe mukarere ndetse namakamyo maremare, yuzuza neza ukurikije igishoro rusange nigiciro cyo gukora. Barashobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri. Ibisabwa bya batiri birashobora kugabanuka, kandi imikoreshereze irusheho kunozwa, niba sisitemu yumuhanda wamashanyarazi yagenewe guhuza gusa namakamyo ariko n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Nyamara, ubwo buryo busaba ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa mumuhanda bizana inzitizi nini mubijyanye no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no gushushanya, kandi ni byinshi cyane. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu y’imihanda y’amashanyarazi itera ibibazo bikomeye bisa n’urwego rwa gari ya moshi, harimo gukenera cyane guhuza inzira n’ibinyabiziga (nkuko bigaragazwa na tramari na bisi ya trolley), guhuza imipaka ku ngendo ndende, n'ibikorwa remezo bikwiye. icyitegererezo. Zitanga uburyo bworoshye kubafite amakamyo ukurikije inzira nubwoko bwimodoka, kandi bifite iterambere ryiterambere muri rusange, byose bigira ingaruka kumarushanwa yabo ugereranije na sitasiyo zisanzwe zishyuza. Urebye izo mbogamizi, ubwo buryo bwakoreshwa neza mbere na mbere kuri koridoro zitwara imizigo ikoreshwa cyane, ibyo bikaba bisaba ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yabafatanyabikorwa ba leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Imyiyerekano ku mihanda nyabagendwa kugeza ubu mu Budage na Suwede yashingiye kuri ba nyampinga baturutse mu bigo byigenga ndetse na Leta. Ihamagarwa ry'abatwara indege z'amashanyarazi naryo rirasuzumwa mu Bushinwa, Ubuhinde, Ubwongereza na Amerika.

Kwishyuza ibikenewe kubinyabiziga biremereye

Isesengura ry’inama mpuzamahanga ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu (ICCT) ryerekana ko guhinduranya bateri ku mashanyarazi y’ibiziga bibiri muri serivisi za tagisi (urugero: tagisi y’amagare) itanga TCO irushanwa cyane ugereranije no kwishyuza BEV cyangwa ICE ibiziga bibiri. Mugihe cyo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma ukoresheje ibiziga bibiri, kwishyuza ingingo bifite inyungu za TCO kurenza guhinduranya bateri, ariko hamwe na politiki iboneye hamwe nubunini, guhinduranya bishobora guhinduka inzira nziza mubihe bimwe. Muri rusange, uko impuzandengo ya buri munsi yagenze yiyongera, bateri yumuriro wibiziga bibiri hamwe no guhinduranya bateri biba byiza cyane kuruta kwishyuza amanota cyangwa ibinyabiziga bya lisansi. Mu 2021, Batteri yaSwappable Battery Motorcycle Consortium yashinzwe hagamijwe koroshya guhinduranya bateri yimodoka zifite uburemere bworoshye, harimo ibiziga bibiri / bitatu, mugukorera hamwe mubisobanuro rusange bya batiri.

Guhinduranya bateri yumuriro wibiziga bibiri / bitatu-bigenda byiyongera cyane mubuhinde. Kugeza ubu hari amasosiyete arenga icumi atandukanye ku isoko ry’Ubuhinde, harimo Gogoro, umushoferi w’amashanyarazi ukomoka mu Bushinwa wa Taipei hamwe n’umuyobozi w’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhinduranya batiri. Gogoro avuga ko bateri zayo zifite ingufu za 90% z’ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi muri Taipei yo mu Bushinwa, naho umuyoboro wa Gogoro ufite sitasiyo zirenga 12 000 zo guhinduranya za batiri kugira ngo zunganire ibiziga birenga 500 000 by’amashanyarazi mu bihugu icyenda, cyane cyane mu karere ka Aziya ya pasifika.Gogoro ubu yashinzwe ubufatanye na Zypp Electric ikorera mu Buhinde ,, ikoresha EV-nku-serivisi-yo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma; hamwe, barimo kohereza sitasiyo 6 zo guhinduranya bateri hamwe n’amashanyarazi 100 y’ibiziga bibiri mu rwego rwo kugerageza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kugeza ku bucuruzi mu birometero bishize mu mujyi wa Delhi. Mu ntangiriro za 2023, bazamuye, bazifashisha mu kwagura amato yabo agera ku 200 000 y’ibiziga bibiri by’amashanyarazi mu mijyi 30 y’Ubuhinde mu 2025. Sun Mobility ifite amateka maremare yo guhinduranya bateri mu Buhinde, hamwe na sitasiyo zirenga mu gihugu hose kumashanyarazi yibiziga bibiri na bitatu, harimo e-rickshaws, hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa nka Amazon India. Tayilande nayo irabona muri serivisi zo guhinduranya bateri kuri tagisi ya moto n'abashoferi.

Mugihe henshi muri Aziya, guhinduranya bateri kumashanyarazi yibiziga bibiri nabyo bikwirakwira muri Afrika. Kurugero, gutangiza amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi yo mu Rwanda akora sitasiyo ya batiri, hibandwa ku gukora tagisi ya moto isaba intera ndende ya buri munsi. Ampersand yubatse sitasiyo icumi zo guhinduranya batiri i Kigali na eshatu i Nairobi, muri Kenya. Izi sitasiyo zikora hafi ya 37 000 ya bateri yo guhinduranya.

Guhinduranya Bateri kubiziga bibiri / bitatu-bitanga ibiciro byiza

Ku makamyo byumwihariko, guhinduranya bateri birashobora kugira inyungu zikomeye kurenza kwishyurwa byihuse. Ubwa mbere, guhinduranya birashobora gufata bike, bikaba bigoye kandi bihenze kubigeraho ukoresheje amashanyarazi ashingiye kumurongo, bisaba charger ya ultra-yihuta ihujwe na gride yo hagati na voltage nini na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ihenze hamwe na chimisties ya batiri. Kwirinda kwishyurwa ultra-yihuta birashobora kandi kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri, imikorere nubuzima bwikigihe.

Batteri-nk-a-serivisi (BaaS), gutandukanya kugura ikamyo na batiri, no gushyiraho amasezerano yubukode bwa bateri, bigabanya cyane igiciro cyo kugura imbere. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko amakamyo akunda guterwa na chimisties ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP), ikaba iramba kurusha bateri ya lithium nikel manganese cobalt oxyde (NMC), ikwiranye no guhinduranya mubijyanye numutekano kandi bihendutse.

Ariko, ikiguzi cyo kubaka sitasiyo gishobora kuba kinini muguhinduranya bateri yamakamyo bitewe nubunini bwimodoka nini na bateri ziremereye, bisaba umwanya munini nibikoresho byihariye byo gukora swap. Indi mbogamizi ikomeye ni icyifuzo gisaba ko bateri zipimwa mubunini nubushobozi runaka, iyo kamyo OEM ishobora kubona ko ari ingorabahizi yo guhangana kuko igishushanyo cya batiri nubushobozi ari itandukaniro ryingenzi mubakora amakamyo yamashanyarazi.

Ubushinwa buri ku isonga mu guhinduranya bateri ku makamyo kubera inkunga ikomeye ya politiki no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryagenewe kuzuza amashanyarazi. Mu 2021, MIIT yo mu Bushinwa yatangaje ko imijyi myinshi izagerageza gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya batiri, harimo no guhinduranya batiri ya HDV mu mijyi itatu. Hafi yinganda zose zikora amakamyo aremereye mubushinwa, harimo FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, na SAIC.

Ubushinwa buri ku isonga mu guhinduranya bateri ku makamyo

Ubushinwa nabwo buza ku isonga mu guhinduranya bateri ku modoka zitwara abagenzi. Muburyo bwose, umubare woguhindura bateri mubushinwa wahagaze hafi mumpera za 2022, hejuru ya 50% ugereranije nu mpera za 2021. NIO, ikora imodoka zishobora guhinduranya bateri hamwe na sitasiyo zunganirana, ikora ibirenze mu Bushinwa, batangaza ko umuyoboro urenga bibiri bya gatatu by'Ubushinwa. Kimwe cya kabiri cya sitasiyo zabo zo guhinduranya zashyizweho mu 2022, kandi isosiyete yihaye intego ya sitasiyo yo kugurisha bateri 4 000 ku isi yose mu 2025. Isosiyete yabo yo guhinduranya ibicuruzwa irashobora gukora swap zirenga 300 ku munsi, ikishyuza bateri zigera kuri 13 icyarimwe ku mbaraga za 20-80 kW.

NIO yatangaje kandi gahunda yo kubaka sitasiyo yo guhinduranya batiri mu Burayi kubera ko imashini z’imodoka zishobora guhinduranya bateri zabonetse ku masoko y’i Burayi ahagana mu mpera za 2022. Sitasiyo ya mbere yo guhindura batiri ya NIO muri Suwede yafunguwe kandi mu mpera za 2022, NIO icumi sitasiyo ya batiri yari yarafunguwe muri Noruveje, Ubudage, Suwede n'Ubuholandi. Bitandukanye na NIO, sitasiyo zo guhinduranya zikoresha imodoka za NIO, sitasiyo ya bateri yo mu Bushinwa ikoresha sitasiyo ya Aulton ishyigikira moderi 30 zo mu masosiyete 16 atandukanye.

Guhinduranya bateri birashobora kandi kuba uburyo bushimishije kumatagisi ya LDV, ibikorwa byayo bikaba byunvikana mugihe cyo kwishyuza kuruta imodoka bwite. Amerika yatangije Ample kuri ubu ikora sitasiyo 12 zo guhinduranya bateri mu gace ka San Francisco Bay, cyane cyane ikorera imodoka za Uber rideshare.

Ubushinwa nabwo buza ku isonga mu guhinduranya bateri ku modoka zitwara abagenzi

Reba

Amashanyarazi gahoro afite ingufu zingana munsi cyangwa zingana na 22 kWt. Amashanyarazi yihuta ni abafite igipimo cyingufu zirenga 22 kWt kugeza kuri 350 kW. "Kwishyuza amanota" na "chargers" bikoreshwa muburyo bumwe kandi bivuga socket ya buri muntu yishyuza, byerekana umubare wa EV zishobora kwishyuza icyarimwe. '' Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza "irashobora kugira ingingo nyinshi zo kwishyuza.

Mbere amabwiriza, icyifuzo cya AFIR, kimaze kwemezwa kumugaragaro, cyahinduka itegeko ryubahiriza amategeko, riteganya, mubindi, intera ntarengwa hagati ya charger zashyizwe kumurongo wa TEN-T, umuhanda wibanze nuwisumbuye mubihugu byu Burayi.

Ibisubizo bya Inductive biri kure yubucuruzi kandi bihura ningorane zo gutanga ingufu zihagije kumuvuduko wumuhanda.