Ubuyobozi buhebuje kuri EV Abahuza: Incamake Yuzuye

Intangiriro

Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bigenda byamamara mugihe abantu bashaka ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kandi buhendutse kubindi binyabiziga gakondo bikoreshwa na gaze. Ariko, gutunga EV bisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu byinshi, harimo n'ubwoko bwa EV ihuza ibikenewe kugirango wishyure imodoka. Muri iki gitabo cyuzuye, tuzasesengura ubwoko butandukanye bwimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibintu bihuza, nibintu byingenzi tugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

Imodoka zihuza amashanyarazi niki?

Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ni insinga n'amacomeka akoreshwa mu kwishyuza imodoka z'amashanyarazi. Umuhuza wacometse ku cyambu cyo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga hanyuma ukajya muri sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho, itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikenewe muri bateri y'ikinyabiziga.

Akamaro ko Guhitamo Imodoka Yumuriro Ukwiye

Guhitamo ibinyabiziga bikwiye byamashanyarazi byemeza ko EV yawe yishyurwa neza kandi neza. Gukoresha umuhuza utari wo birashobora kuganisha ku gihe cyo kwishyuza gahoro, bateri zangiritse, hamwe n’ingaruka z’amashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bwo Kwishyuza Ubwoko bwa EV

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa EV kwishyuza uhuza, buri kimwe gifite ibintu byihariye nibisabwa guhuza. Reka dusuzume neza buri kimwe muri byo.

Ubwoko bwa 1 Abahuza

Ubwoko bwa 1 uhuza, cyangwa J1772, bikoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Buyapani. Byagenewe kwishyurwa Urwego rwa 1 nu Rwego rwa 2 kandi bifite pin eshanu, zitanga imbaraga n’itumanaho hagati yikinyabiziga na sitasiyo yishyuza.

Ubwoko bwa 2 Abahuza

Ubwoko bwa 2 buhuza, buzwi kandi nka Mennekes ihuza, bukoreshwa cyane muburayi no mubindi bice byisi. Bafite amapine arindwi, atanga imbaraga n'itumanaho kandi byateganijwe kurwego rwa 2 na DC byihuse.

Abahuza CHAdeMO

Ihuza rya CHAdeMO rikoreshwa cyane cyane n’abakora amamodoka yo mu Buyapani, harimo Nissan na Mitsubishi, kandi ryashizweho kugirango DC yishyure vuba. Bafite imiterere yihariye, izengurutse kandi itanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 62.5.

Umuyoboro wa CCS

Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho (CCS) ihuza abantu benshi muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Burayi. Byashizweho kugirango byishyurwe byihuse DC kandi birashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 350.

Umuyoboro wa Tesla

Tesla ifite umuhuza wihariye, ikoreshwa murwego rwa 2 na DC byihuse. Umuhuza arahuza gusa nibinyabiziga bya Tesla hamwe na sitasiyo ya Tesla. 

Ibitekerezo Byibisanzwe Kubijyanye na EV yishyuza

Bimwe mubisanzwe bitari byo kubijyanye na EV ihuza bikomeza uko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera. Reka turebe bike muriyi myumvire itari yo n'impamvu atari ngombwa byanze bikunze.

Imiyoboro ya EV yishyuza ni mbi

Abantu bamwe bizera ko imiyoboro ya EV iteje akaga kandi ikaba ishobora guteza amashanyarazi. Nubwo ari ukuri ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikora kuri voltage nyinshi, umuhuza wa EV wakozwe hamwe nibikorwa byumutekano bifasha kugabanya ingaruka zose ziterwa numuriro cyangwa gukomeretsa. Kurugero, amahuriro menshi ya EV arimo ibintu byizimya byikora birinda amashanyarazi gutemba mugihe umuhuza adahujwe neza nikinyabiziga.

Imiyoboro ya EV irazimvye cyane

Ikindi gitekerezo gikunze kugaragara nuko abahuza EV bahenze cyane. Nubwo ari ukuri ko umuhuza wa EV ushobora kuba uhenze kuruta peteroli isanzwe yuzuza lisansi, igiciro akenshi cyuzuzwa no kuzigama uzishimira kuri lisansi mubuzima bwikinyabiziga. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro myinshi ya char charger iraboneka kumanota atandukanye, kuburyo amahitamo arahari kuri bije yose.

Imiyoboro ya EV ntabwo yoroshye

Hanyuma, abantu bamwe bizera ko imiyoboro ya EV itoroha kandi bifata igihe kinini kugirango bishyure imodoka yamashanyarazi. Mugihe arukuri ko ibihe byo kwishyuza bishobora gutandukana bitewe nubwoko bwihuza hamwe na sitasiyo yo kwishyuza ukoresha, imiyoboro myinshi ya kijyambere ya EV hamwe na sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho byateguwe kugirango bikoreshe neza kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga riganisha ku gihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza, nkibikoresho byo kwishyuza bidafite umugozi. 

Sobanukirwa na EV yishyuza abahuza

Iyo bigeze kumashanyarazi yimodoka, guhuza ni urufunguzo. Ugomba kwemeza ko icyuma cya chargeri ya EV yawe gihuye nu muhuza ukoresha kandi ko sitasiyo yawe yo kwishyiriraho ihuza imashini y'amashanyarazi.

Guhuza Abahuza hamwe na Sitasiyo yo Kwishyuza

Amashanyarazi menshi ya EV yashizweho kugirango ahuze nabahuza benshi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kugenzura ibisobanuro bya sitasiyo kugirango umenye neza ko ishobora gutanga ingufu zikenewe kandi ihujwe n’umuhuza w’imodoka yawe.

Gusobanukirwa Ibipimo Byihuza

Usibye guhuza ibinyabiziga na sitasiyo yishyuza, hagomba gusuzumwa ibipimo bitandukanye bihuza. Kurugero, komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEC) yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho byubwoko bwa 1 nubwoko bwa 2, mugihe CCS ihuza ishingiye kubisanzwe IEC Ubwoko bwa 2. 

Inyungu zo Guhitamo Iburyo bwa EV Kwishyuza

Guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikwiye bitanga inyungu nyinshi, harimo:

Igihe cyo kuzigama

Ihuza ryukuri rya EV kwishyuza rirashobora kugabanya cyane ibihe byo kwishyuza nigiciro, bigatuma habaho gukoresha neza igihe namafaranga.

Imikorere myiza

Guhitamo ubwoko bwihuza bwerekana neza ko EV yishyuza umuvuduko mwiza, byongera imikorere yayo muri rusange.

Umutekano wongerewe

Gukoresha imiyoboro idahwitse ya EV irashobora kuba mbi, kuko ishobora guteza amakosa yumuriro kandi ikabangamira umutekano. Guhitamo neza ubwoko bwihuza byemeza ko EV yishyuza neza kandi neza.

Amakosa Rusange Kwirinda Mugihe Uhisemo Imashanyarazi Yishyuza

Guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bitari byo birashobora kuba amakosa ahenze. Hano hari amakosa akunze kwirinda:

Guhitamo Ubwoko Bwihuza

Guhitamo ubwoko bwihuza butari bwo burashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumuvuduko wumuriro wa EV no gukora neza ndetse bikangiza na batiri ya EV.

Kwibanda gusa kubiciro

Mugihe igiciro ari ngombwa muguhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ntibigomba kuba ikintu cyonyine kigena. Guhuza bihendutse ntibishobora guhuzwa na sitasiyo zose zishyuza kandi ntibishobora gutanga umuvuduko mwiza wo kwishyuza.

Kutita kubikenewe ejo hazaza

Guhitamo umuhuza wa EV ukurikije ibikenewe byihuse birashobora kuvamo gukenera gusimburwa mugihe kizaza. Mugihe uhisemo umuhuza wa EV, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiterere ya EV hamwe nibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza. 

Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhisemo amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi

Guhitamo neza umuhuza wa EV bisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu byinshi byingenzi.

Umuvuduko na Amperage

Umuvuduko hamwe na amperage ya sitasiyo yumuriro bizagira ingaruka kuburyo EV yawe ishobora kwihuta. Umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na amperage birashobora gutanga ibihe byihuse byo kwishyuza ariko birashobora gusaba sitasiyo ihenze kandi ihuza.

Kwishyuza Umuvuduko

Ubwoko butandukanye bwihuza hamwe na sitasiyo yo kwishyuza bitanga umuvuduko utandukanye wo kwishyuza. Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta nuburyo bwihuse, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko atari EV zose zidahuye na DC yihuta.

Uburebure bwa Cable na Flexibility

Uburebure nubworoherane bwumugozi wa EV wishyuza birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze. Umugozi muremure urashobora gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhagarika imodoka yawe no kugera kuri sitasiyo. Umugozi woroshye urashobora kworoha kubyitwaramo kandi ntibishoboka ko ucika.

Kurwanya Ikirere

Imiyoboro ya EV ihura nibintu, bityo guhangana nikirere ni ngombwa. Umuhuza ufite guhangana nikirere cyiza ashobora kwihanganira imvura, shelegi, nibindi bidukikije, akemeza ko bizagenda neza mugihe runaka.

Kuramba no Kubaka Ubwiza

Kuramba no kubaka ubuziranenge nibintu byingenzi muguhitamo EV yishyuza. Ihuza ryubatswe neza rizaramba kandi ntirishobora gucika cyangwa gukora nabi, bizigama amafaranga mugihe kirekire.

Ibiranga umutekano

Hanyuma, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibiranga umutekano wumuhuza wa EV. Shakisha ibirenze urugero, birenze urugero, hamwe nuburinzi bwikibazo kugirango urebe ko ushobora kwishyuza imodoka yawe neza. 

Kubungabunga no Gusukura EV Yishyuza

Ububiko bukwiye

Iyo bidakoreshejwe, kubika EV umuhuza wawe ahantu humye, hakonje ni ngombwa. Irinde kubika mu zuba ryinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, kuko ibyo bishobora kwangiza umugozi cyangwa umuhuza.

Isuku no Kubungabunga

Gusukura no kubungabunga buri gihe byemeza ko umuhuza wawe wa EV amara igihe kirekire gishoboka. Koresha umwenda woroshye, utose kugirango usukure umuhuza, kandi wirinde gukoresha imiti ikaze cyangwa ibikoresho byangiza. Kugenzura umuhuza buri gihe ibimenyetso byangiritse cyangwa kwambara no kurira.

Gukemura Ibibazo Bisanzwe

Niba uhuye nibibazo na EV umuhuza wawe, haribibazo byinshi ushobora gukemura. Ibi birimo ibibazo bijyanye nimbaraga za sitasiyo yumuriro, umuhuza ubwayo, cyangwa ikinyabiziga cyimbere. Niba udashobora gukemura ikibazo, nibyiza gushaka ubufasha bwumwuga. 

Umwanzuro

Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwihuza rya EV hamwe nubwuzuzanye hamwe na sitasiyo zitandukanye zishiramo ni ngombwa mugihe wishyuye imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi. Mugihe uhisemo umuhuza wa EV, hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma, harimo voltage na amperage, umuvuduko wumuriro, uburebure bwumugozi nubworoherane, guhangana nikirere, kuramba no kubaka ubuziranenge, nibiranga umutekano. Muguhitamo umuhuza ukwiye no kuwubungabunga neza, urashobora kwemeza ko imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi ikomeza kwishyurwa kandi yiteguye kugenda igihe cyose bikenewe.

Mugihe hashobora kubaho imyumvire itari yo kubijyanye na EV ihuza, nkumutekano wabo nigiciro cyabyo, inyungu zo gutunga imodoka yamashanyarazi no gukoresha umuhuza mwiza urenze kure ibibi byose bigaragara.

Muncamake, ubuyobozi bwibanze kuri EV ihuza butanga incamake yubwoko butandukanye bwabahuza, guhuza kwabo, nibintu ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo kimwe. Ukurikije iki gitabo, urashobora kwemeza ko wafashe icyemezo kandi ukishimira inyungu zose zo gutunga imodoka yamashanyarazi.