Imodoka nshya yingufu yishyuza module yiterambere ryiterambere

1. Incamake yiterambere ryamafaranga yinganda zinganda

Kwishyuza modul nizo ntandaro ya DC yo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Mu gihe igipimo cyo kwinjira no gutunga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa bikomeje kwiyongera, icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibirundo kiriyongera. Amashanyarazi mashya yingufu agabanijwemo AC gahoro gahoro hamwe na DC byihuse. Amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC afite ibiranga voltage nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kwishyurwa byihuse. Mugihe isoko ikurikirana uburyo bwo kwishyuza, igipimo cyisoko rya DC yihuta yo kwishyuza hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza bikomeje kwaguka. .

2. Urwego rwa tekiniki nibiranga inganda zishyuza module

Imodoka nshya yingufu zishyuza pile ev charger module yinganda kuri ubu ifite ibintu bya tekiniki nka module imwe imbaraga nyinshi, inshuro nyinshi, miniaturizasiya, imikorere ihindagurika cyane, hamwe n’umurongo mugari wa voltage.

Kubijyanye nimbaraga imwe ya module, inganda nshya zo kwishyiriraho pile zishyuza module inganda zabonye iterambere ryambere ryibicuruzwa 7.5kW muri 2014, bihoraho 20A na 15kW muri 2015, hamwe nimbaraga zihoraho 25A na 15kW muri 2016. ni 20kW na 30kW. Igisubizo kimwe-module hamwe no guhindura 40kW ingufu nshya zishyuza ikirundo amashanyarazi itanga igisubizo kimwe-module. Amashanyarazi menshi yo kwishyuza yahindutse isoko ryiterambere ryigihe kizaza.

Ku bijyanye n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, Grid ya Leta yasohoye verisiyo ya 2017 y’ubuziranenge n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi yishyuza ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi ”ivuga ko ingufu za voltage ziva mu mashanyarazi ya DC ari 200-750V, kandi n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho utwikiriye byibuze intera ya 400-500V na 600-750V. Kubwibyo, abahinguzi bose ba module muri rusange bashushanya modul ya 200-750V kandi bujuje ibisabwa byingufu. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi hamwe n’abakoresha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu kugirango bagabanye igihe cyo kwishyuza, inganda zasabye ubwubatsi bwa 800V bwihuta bwo kwishyuza, kandi ibigo bimwe na bimwe byabonye itangwa rya DC yishyuza ibirundo byo kwishyiriraho ikirundo hamwe nini ibisohoka biva mu ntera ya 200-1000V. .

Kubyerekeranye numurongo mwinshi hamwe na miniaturizasi yuburyo bwo kwishyuza, imbaraga za moderi imwe yimashini imwe yingufu nshya zo kwishyiriraho ingufu za pile ziyongereye, ariko ingano yayo ntishobora kwagurwa uko bikwiye. Kubwibyo, kongera inshuro zo guhinduranya no guhuza ibice bya magnetique byabaye uburyo bwingenzi bwo kongera ingufu zingana.

Kubijyanye no kwishyuza module ikora neza, ibigo bikomeye mubikorwa bishya byo kwishyiriraho ingufu za pile zishyuza module muri rusange bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwa 95% -96%. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no guteza imbere ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nkibikoresho byamashanyarazi byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu no kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite 800V cyangwa birenzeho Hamwe na platifomu nini cyane, inganda ziteganijwe kuzana ibicuruzwa bifite umusaruro urenze 98% .

Nkuko imbaraga zumuriro wa modules ziyongera, bizana kandi ibibazo byinshi byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa modules zo kwishyuza, uburyo rusange bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu nganda ni ugukonjesha ikirere ku gahato, kandi hari nuburyo bukoreshwa nko gufunga imiyoboro ikonje ikonje no gukonjesha amazi. Gukonjesha ikirere bifite ibyiza byigiciro gito nuburyo bworoshye. Nyamara, uko umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ugenda wiyongera, ibibi byo gukonjesha ikirere ubushobozi buke bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe n’urusaku rwinshi bizagenda bigaragara. Gutanga ibikoresho byo kwishyuza n'umurongo w'imbunda hamwe no gukonjesha amazi byabaye igisubizo gikomeye. icyerekezo cya tekiniki.

3. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryihutisha amahirwe yiterambere ryinganda nshya zingufu

Mu myaka yashize, ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’inganda zikomeje gutera imbere no gutera imbere, kandi izamuka ry’igipimo cyinjira ryateje imbere iterambere rihoraho ry’inganda zishyuza amashanyarazi. Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ingufu za batiri bwakemuye ikibazo cy’urugendo rudahagije rw’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zo kwishyiriraho ingufu zagabanije cyane igihe cyo kwishyuza, bityo byihutisha kwinjira mu binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu no kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza. . Mu bihe biri imbere, kwishyira hamwe no kurushaho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nko kubika optique no kwishyuza kwishyuza hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro ya V2G biteganijwe ko byihutisha kwinjira mu nganda nshya z’ingufu no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa.

4.

Module yo kwishyuza nigice cyibanze cya DC yishyuza ibirundo. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka z’ingufu nshya ku isi, abaguzi barushaho guhangayikishwa no kwishyuza no korohereza umuriro. Isoko ryamasoko ya DC yishyuza byihuse ibirundo byishyurwa ryaturikiye, kandi isoko ryimikorere yo kwishyiriraho ibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu ryiyongereye kuva Mubihe byambere, Grid ya leta niyo mbaraga nyamukuru mumajyambere atandukanye. Umubare munini w'abashoramari bashoramari bafite ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho ibikoresho hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora byagaragaye vuba. Inganda zo kwishyuza mu gihugu zakomeje kwagura umusaruro n’ibicuruzwa byazo kugirango hubakwe ibirundo byo kwishyuza, kandi guhangana kwabo kwuzuye byakomeje gushimangirwa. .

Kugeza ubu, nyuma yimyaka yibikorwa byo gutezimbere no guteza imbere modules zo kwishyuza, amarushanwa yinganda arahagije. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi bigenda bitera imbere mu cyerekezo cya voltage nini nubucucike bwinshi, kandi isoko ryibicuruzwa ni binini. Ibigo mu nganda byunguka cyane cyane isoko ryisoko hamwe ninyungu zinyungu mugukomeza kunoza ibicuruzwa bya topologiya, kugenzura algorithms, kunoza ibyuma nibikorwa bya sisitemu, nibindi.

5. Iterambere ryiterambere rya mod kwishyuza

Mugihe uburyo bwo kwishyuza butangiza isoko ryinshi, tekinoloji ikomeje gutera imbere igana ingufu nyinshi, ingufu za voltage nini, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhindura.

1) Guhindura politiki ishingiye kubisabwa

Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, iyubakwa ry’ibirundo byishyurwa ahanini ryayobowe na guverinoma mu ntangiriro, kandi ryagiye riyobora iterambere ry’inganda ku buryo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga binyuze mu gushyigikira politiki. Kuva mu 2021, iterambere ryihuse ryimodoka nshya zingufu zasabye cyane kubaka inyubako zishyigikira no kwishyiriraho ibirundo. Inganda zishyuza ibirundo zirimo zirangiza impinduka zivuye muri politiki zishingiye kubisabwa.

Imbere yo kwiyongera kwimodoka nshya zingufu, usibye kongera ubwinshi bwimiterere yumuriro wikirundo, igihe cyo kwishyuza kigomba kurushaho kugabanywa. Ikariso ya DC yumuriro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyuza nigihe gito cyo kwishyuza, ibyo bikaba bikwiranye nigihe gikenewe cyo kwishyurwa byigihe gito kandi byihutirwa kubakoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kandi birashobora gukemura neza ibibazo byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no guhangayika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu myaka yashize, igipimo cy’isoko rya DC cyihuta mu birundo bishya byubatswe, cyane cyane ibirundo byo kwishyuza rusange, byiyongereye vuba kandi bihinduka inzira nyamukuru mu mijyi myinshi y’ibanze mu Bushinwa.

Mu ncamake, kuruhande rumwe, uko umubare wibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bikomeje kwiyongera, iyubakwa ryingoboka ryibirundo ryumuriro rigomba gukomeza kunozwa. Kurundi ruhande, abakoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri rusange bakurikirana DC byihuse. DC yo kwishyuza ibirundo byahindutse inzira nyamukuru, kandi modules zo kwishyuza nazo zinjiye mubisabwa. Icyiciro cyiterambere aho gukurura nimbaraga nyamukuru zitwara.

(2) Ubucucike bukabije, intera nini ya voltage, gukora neza

Ibyo bita kwishyurwa byihuse bisobanura imbaraga zo kwishyuza cyane. Kubwibyo, mugihe gikenewe cyane cyo kwishyurwa byihuse, modules zo kwishyuza zikomeza gutera imbere mubyerekezo byimbaraga nyinshi. Imbaraga nyinshi zo kwishyuza ikirundo zigerwaho muburyo bubiri. Imwe ni uguhuza modules nyinshi zo kwishyuza muburyo bwo kugera kububasha bwimbaraga; ikindi ni ukongera imbaraga imwe ya module yo kwishyuza. Ukurikije ibikenewe bya tekiniki yo kongera ingufu zumuriro, kugabanya umwanya, no kugabanya ubunini bwububiko bwamashanyarazi, kongera ingufu za module imwe yo kwishyuza ni inzira ndende yiterambere. igihugu cyanjye cyo kwishyuza cyanyuze mu bisekuru bitatu byiterambere, kuva ku gisekuru cya mbere 7.5kW kugeza ku gisekuru cya kabiri 15 / 20kW, kandi ubu kiri mugihe cyo guhinduka kuva mu gisekuru cya kabiri kugeza ku gisekuru cya gatatu 30 / 40kW. Amashanyarazi menshi yingufu zahindutse inzira nyamukuru yisoko. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe ku ihame ryo gushushanya miniaturizasiya, ubwinshi bwingufu za modules zo kwishyuza nabwo bwiyongereye icyarimwe hamwe no kwiyongera kurwego rwingufu.

Hariho inzira ebyiri zo kugera kurwego rwo hejuru imbaraga za DC zishyurwa byihuse: kongera voltage no kongera ikigezweho. Igisubizo cyo hejuru-cyo kwishyuza cyakiriwe bwa mbere na Tesla. Akarusho nuko ikiguzi cyo gutezimbere ibice kiri hasi, ariko umuyaga mwinshi uzazana gutakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi nibisabwa cyane kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke, kandi insinga zibyibushye zigabanya ibyoroshye kandi bitezimbere Muburyo buke. Igisubizo cyinshi-voltage ni ukongera imbaraga nini yimikorere ya module yo kwishyuza. Kugeza ubu ni moderi ikoreshwa nabakora imodoka. Irashobora kuzirikana ibyiza byo kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, kuzamura ubuzima bwa bateri, kugabanya ibiro, no kuzigama umwanya. Igisubizo cyumubyigano mwinshi gisaba ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuba bifite amashanyarazi menshi kugirango ashyigikire byihuse. Kugeza ubu, igisubizo cyihuse cyo kwishyuza gikunze gukoreshwa namasosiyete yimodoka ni platform ya 400V yumuriro mwinshi. Hamwe nubushakashatsi nogukoresha porogaramu ya voltage ya 800V, urwego rwa voltage urwego rwo kwishyuza ruzarushaho kunozwa.

Gutezimbere imikorere ihindagurika nikimenyetso cya tekiniki yerekana kwishyuza burigihe. Gutezimbere imikorere ihinduka bisobanura uburyo bwo kwishyuza hejuru hamwe nigihombo gito. Kugeza ubu, impanuro ntarengwa yo kwishyuza module ni 95% ~ 96%. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho bya elegitoronike nkibikoresho byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu ibikoresho byamashanyarazi hamwe n’ibisohoka n’umubyigano w’amashanyarazi bigenda bigana kuri 800V cyangwa ndetse na 1000V, imikorere yo guhindura izarushaho kunozwa.

(3) Agaciro ka mod yo kwishyuza modules iriyongera

Module yo kwishyiriraho nigice cyibanze cya DC yishyuza ikirundo, bingana hafi 50% yikiguzi cyibikoresho byo kwishyuza. Gutezimbere uburyo bwo kwishyuza mugihe kizaza ahanini biterwa no kunoza imikorere yuburyo bwo kwishyuza. Ku ruhande rumwe, modules nyinshi zo kwishyuza zahujwe zibangikanye zizamura mu buryo butaziguye agaciro ka module yo kwishyuza; kurundi ruhande, kuzamura urwego rwingufu nubucucike bwingufu imwe module yo kwishyuza biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byumuzunguruko hamwe na software igenzura kimwe nikoranabuhanga ryibice byingenzi. Iterambere, ubu ni tekinoroji yingenzi yo kunoza imbaraga zumuriro wose wogushiraho, bizarushaho kongera agaciro kumashanyarazi.

6. Inzitizi za tekiniki muri ev power charging module inganda

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutanga amashanyarazi ni ingingo zinyuranye zihuza tekinoroji ya topologiya yumuzunguruko, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, tekinoroji ya magnetiki, tekinoroji yibigize, tekinoroji ya semiconductor, hamwe nubuhanga bwo gushushanya ubushyuhe. Ninganda yibanda cyane ku ikoranabuhanga. Nkumutima wa DC yishyuza ikirundo, module yo kwishyiriraho igena neza imikorere yumuriro, ituze ryimikorere, umutekano hamwe nubwizerwe bwikirundo cyumuriro, kandi akamaro nakamaro kayo biragaragara. Igicuruzwa gisaba ishoramari rinini ryumutungo ninzobere kuva mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga no kwiteza imbere kugeza kubikorwa byanyuma. Nigute ushobora guhitamo ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nimiterere, software ya algorithm kuzamura no kuyisubiramo, gufata neza ibintu byakoreshejwe, hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge bukuze hamwe nubushobozi bwo gupima ubushobozi byose bizagira ingaruka kubicuruzwa no guhagarara neza bigira ingaruka itaziguye. Biragoye ko abinjira bashya mu nganda bakusanya ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, abakozi, hamwe namakuru yerekana ibintu mugihe gito, kandi bafite inzitizi zikomeye za tekiniki.