Zomwe Zachitika mu Kutha Kulipiritsa kwa EV

Kukula kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi kungamve ngati sikungapeweke: kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa CO2, nyengo yandale yapano, ndalama zomwe boma ndi makampani amagalimoto zimayendera, komanso kufunafuna komwe kukuchitika padziko lonse lapansi komwe kuli magetsi onse kukuwonetsa phindu pamagalimoto amagetsi. Mpaka pano, kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi ogula kwasokonezedwa ndi nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa komanso kusowa kwa zida zolipirira. Kutsogola kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wa EV kumathana ndi zovuta izi, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kulipiritsa kotetezeka komanso kofulumira kunyumba komanso pamsewu. Zida zolipirira ndi zomangamanga zikukwera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za msika wa EV womwe ukukula mwachangu, ndikutsegulira njira yakukulirakulira kwamayendedwe amagetsi.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KUSIRI KWA EV MARKET

Ndalama zamagalimoto zamagetsi zakhala zikukula kwa zaka zingapo, koma chidwi chowonjezereka ndi kufunikira kwatsindikitsidwa ndi magawo angapo a anthu. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mayankho a nyengo kwawonetsa kufunikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi - kuthekera konsekonse kuchepetsa mpweya wa kaboni kuchokera ku injini zoyaka moto ndikuyika ndalama zoyendetsera magetsi oyera kwakhala cholinga chofala kwa boma ndi mafakitale. Izi zikuyang'ana pa kukula kosatha ndi kusungidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumapangitsanso luso lamakono kupita ku gulu lamagetsi onse - dziko lokhala ndi mphamvu zopanda malire zochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso popanda mpweya woipa.
Madalaivala azachilengedwe komanso aukadaulo awa akuwonetsedwa pazofunikira pakuwongolera komanso kusungitsa ndalama m'boma, makamaka potengera Lamulo la Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act la 2021, lomwe lidasankha $7.5 biliyoni pazachitukuko cha EV m'boma, $2.5 biliyoni pakulipiritsa kwa EV ndikuwonjezera ndalama zothandizira, ndi $5 biliyoni ku National Electric Vehicle Charging Program. Bungwe la Biden Administration likutsatanso cholinga chomanga ndikukhazikitsa ma station 500,000 a DC padziko lonse lapansi.

Izi zitha kuwonekanso pamlingo wa boma. Maiko kuphatikiza California, Massachusetts, ndi New Jersey akutsata malamulo oti agwirizane ndi magalimoto amagetsi onse. Ngongole zamisonkho, kayendetsedwe ka Electrify America, zolimbikitsira, ndi maudindo amakhudzanso ogula ndi opanga nawo kuti agwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka EV.

Opanga magalimoto akulowa nawo kumayendedwe amagetsi, nawonso. Opanga magalimoto otsogola kuphatikiza GM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, ndi Audi nthawi zonse akubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya EV. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, akuyembekezeka kukhala mitundu yopitilira 80 ya EV ndi ma hybrids opezeka pamsika. Pali ochulukirachulukira opanga ma EV atsopano omwe alowa nawonso msika, kuphatikiza Tesla, Lucid, Nikola, ndi Rivian.

Makampani othandizira akukonzekeranso gulu lamagetsi onse. Ndikofunikira kuti zida zizikhala patsogolo panjira yokhotakhota ikafika pakuyika magetsi kuti zikwaniritse kufunikira kokulirapo, komanso zida zofunika kuphatikiza ma microgrid adzafunika m'mbali mwa mayiko kuti athe kukhala ndi malo opangira magetsi. Kulumikizana kwa Galimoto kupita ku Gridi nakonso kukuyenda bwino m'misewu yaulere.

ZOPHUNZITSA KUKULA

Ngakhale chiwonjezeko chikukulirakulira pakutengera kutengera kwa EV, zovuta zikuyembekezeka kulepheretsa kukula. Ngakhale kuti zolimbikitsa zidzalimbikitsa ogula kapena zombo kuti asinthe ku magalimoto amagetsi, akhoza kubwera ndi nsomba - pangakhale kayendetsedwe ka ma EV kuti athe kulankhulana ndi zowonongeka kuti azitsatira mtunda wamtunda, zomwe zimafuna luso lamakono ndi zipangizo zoyankhulirana zakunja.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zolepheretsa kutengera kwa EV pamlingo wa ogula ndizodalirika komanso zoyendetsera bwino. Madoko okwana 9.6 miliyoni adzafunika pofika 2030 kuti athe kutengera kukula kwa msika wa EV. Pafupifupi 80% ya madoko amenewo adzakhala ma charger akunyumba, ndipo pafupifupi 20% idzakhala yapagulu kapena yakuntchito. Pakadali pano, ogula akuzengereza kugula galimoto ya EV chifukwa cha nkhawa zosiyanasiyana - nkhawa yoti galimoto yawo sidzatha kuyenda ulendo wautali popanda kuyitanitsanso, komanso kuti malo ochapira sadzakhalapo kapena akugwira ntchito pakafunika.

Ma charger apagulu kapena ogawana nawo amayenera kutha kutha kuthawira pafupipafupi nthawi zonse. Dalaivala yemwe ayima pamalo ochapira mumsewu waulere amafunikira chaji yamagetsi othamanga kwambiri - makina ochapira amphamvu kwambiri azitha kuzipatsa magalimoto batire yoti yachangidwanso pakangotha ​​mphindi zochepa chabe.

Ma charger othamanga kwambiri amafunikira makonzedwe apadera kuti agwire ntchito modalirika. Kutha kwa kuziziritsa kwamadzi ndi kofunikira kuti mapini ochapira azikhala pa kutentha koyenera komanso kutalikitsa nthawi yomwe galimoto imatha kuyinjidwa ndi mafunde apamwamba. M'malo opangira magalimoto odzaza, kusunga ma pini olumikizirana oziziritsa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma charger odalirika komanso odalirika kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwazomwe zimafunikira pakulipiritsa ogula.

KUGANIZIRA NTCHITO YOPANGA NTCHITO YA MPHAMVU ZAMBIRI

Ma charger a EV akumangidwa mochulukira ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kulimba komanso kutha kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa za madalaivala a EV ndikuthana ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana. Chojambulira champhamvu kwambiri cha EV chokhala ndi ma amps 500 chimatheka ndi makina oziziritsa ndi kuwunika madzimadzi - chonyamulira cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira chimakhala ndi matenthedwe amafuta komanso chimagwira ntchito ngati choyatsira kutentha pomwe choziziritsa chimatulutsa kutentha kudzera munjira zozizilitsa zophatikizika. Ma charger awa ali ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zoziziritsa kutulutsa zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso kuwunika kolondola kwa kutentha pamagetsi aliwonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikhomo sizikupitilira madigiri 90 Celsius. Ngati malirewo afikiridwa, chowongolera cholipiritsa mu siteshoni yolipirira amachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti asunge kutentha kovomerezeka.

Ma charger a EV amafunikanso kuti athe kupirira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika komanso kukonzedwa mosavuta. Zogwirizira zopangira ma EV zidapangidwa kuti zizing'ambika, kugwirira movutikira pakapita nthawi kukhudza nkhope yokwerera sikungapeweke. Mochulukirachulukira, ma charger akupangidwa ndi zigawo zofananira, kulola kusinthika kosavuta kwa nkhope yokweretsa.
Kasamalidwe ka ma chingwe m'malo ochapira nawonso ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wautali komanso kudalirika. Zingwe zochajira zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala ndi mawaya amkuwa, zingwe zoziziritsira madzi zamadzimadzi, ndi zingwe zochitira zinthu koma zimafunikabe kupirira kukokedwa kapena kuwomberedwa. Mfundo zina ndi monga zingwe zotsekeka, zomwe zimalola dalaivala kuti achoke (Kusinthasintha kwa nkhope yokwerera pamodzi ndi chithunzi cha madzi ozizira) galimoto yawo ikuthamangira pamalo owonetsera anthu popanda kudandaula kuti wina akhoza kulumikiza chingwecho.