Zomwe Zachitika Pakuyitanitsa Infrastructure

Ngakhale kuti ndalama zambiri zolipiritsa zikukwaniritsidwa ndi kulipiritsa kunyumba, ma charger opezeka ndi anthu amafunikira kwambiri kuti apereke mwayi wofanana ndi wowonjezera mafuta pamagalimoto wamba. M'madera akumatauni, makamaka, komwe mwayi wopezera nyumba ndi wocheperako, zolipiritsa anthu ndizothandiza kwambiri pakutengera EV. Kumapeto kwa 2022, padziko lonse lapansi panali malo olipira anthu okwana 2.7 miliyoni, opitilira 900 000 omwe adayikidwa mu 2022, pafupifupi 55% kuchuluka kwa 2021, komanso kuyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwakukula kwa mliri wa 50% pakati pa 2015 ndi 2015. 2019.

Machaja ochedwa

Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu opitilira 600 000 amalipira pang'onopang'ono1zidakhazikitsidwa mu 2022, 360 000 zomwe zidali ku China, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma charger apang'onopang'ono mdziko muno apitirire 1 miliyoni. Kumapeto kwa 2022, China inali kunyumba yopitilira theka la ma charger apadziko lonse lapansi.

Europe ili pamalo achiwiri, ndi ma charger ochepera 460 000 mu 2022, chiwonjezeko cha 50% kuchokera chaka chatha. Netherlands imatsogolera ku Europe ndi 117 000, kutsatiridwa ndi kuzungulira 74 000 ku France ndi 64 000 ku Germany. Kuchuluka kwa ma charger oyenda pang'onopang'ono ku United States kudakwera ndi 9% mu 2022, chiwopsezo chotsika kwambiri pakati pamisika yayikulu. Ku Korea, ndalama zolipiritsa pang'onopang'ono zawonjezeka kawiri chaka ndi chaka, kufika pa 184 000 mfundo zolipiritsa.

Ma charger othamanga

Ma charger opezeka pagulu, makamaka omwe ali m'mphepete mwa ma motorways, amathandizira maulendo ataliatali ndipo amatha kuthana ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana, zolepheretsa kutengera EV. Monga ma charger oyenda pang'onopang'ono, ma charger othamanga pagulu amaperekanso njira zolipiritsa kwa ogula omwe alibe mwayi wolipira mwachinsinsi, motero amalimbikitsa kutengera ma EV m'magulu ambiri a anthu. Chiwerengero cha ma charger othamanga chidakwera ndi 330 000 padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022, ngakhalenso ambiri (pafupifupi 90%) akukula adachokera ku China. Kutumizidwa kwa kulipiritsa mwachangu kumalipira kusowa kwa ma charger akunyumba m'mizinda yomwe muli anthu ambiri ndipo zimathandizira zolinga za China pakutumiza mwachangu kwa EV. Dziko la China lili ndi ma charger okwana 760 000, koma zochulukira zomwe zili m'zigawo khumi zokha.

Ku Ulaya chiwerengero cha charger chofulumira chinali choposa 70 000 pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi 55% poyerekeza ndi 2021. Mayiko omwe ali ndi katundu wothamanga kwambiri ndi Germany (opitirira 12 000), France (9 700) ndi Norway. (9 000). Pali chikhumbo chodziwikiratu ku European Union kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito zolipirira anthu, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi mgwirizano kwakanthawi wa Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), womwe udzakhazikitse zofunikira pakulipiritsa kwamagetsi pa trans-European network-transport (TEN). -T) pakati pa European Investment Bank ndi European Commission ipanga ndalama zoposa EUR 1.5 biliyoni pofika kumapeto kwa 2023 pamaziko amafuta ena, kuphatikiza kulipiritsa magetsi mwachangu.

United States idayika ma charger othamanga 6 300 mu 2022, pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa atatu mwa iwo anali Tesla Supercharger. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma charger othamanga chinafika ku 28 000 kumapeto kwa 2022. Kutumizidwa kukuyembekezeka kufulumira m'zaka zikubwerazi motsatira kuvomereza kwa boma (NEVI). Mayiko onse aku US, Washington DC, ndi Puerto Rico akutenga nawo gawo pa pulogalamuyi, ndipo apatsidwa kale ndalama zokwana madola 885 miliyoni mchaka cha 2023 kuti zithandizire kumanga ma charger kudutsa 122 000 km wamsewu waukulu. Bungwe la US Federal Highway Administration lalengeza za miyezo yatsopano yapadziko lonse ya ma charger a EV omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi boma kuti atsimikizire kusasinthika, kudalirika, kupezeka komanso kugwirizana. pamiyezo yatsopanoyi, Tesla adalengeza kuti idzatsegula gawo la US Supercharger (komwe Supercharger imayimira 60% yazinthu zonse zojambulira mwachangu ku United States) ndi netiweki ya Destination Charger kupita ku ma EV omwe si a Tesla.

Malo oyitanitsa anthu ambiri ndiwofunikira kwambiri kuti azitha kutenga ma EV ambiri

Kutumiza kwa zomangamanga zolipiritsa anthu poyembekezera kukula kwa malonda a EV ndikofunikira pakutengera kufalikira kwa ma EV. Ku Norway, mwachitsanzo, panali ma LDV amagetsi okwana 1.3 pa malo opangira anthu onse mu 2011, omwe adathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwina. Kumapeto kwa 2022, ndi ma LDV opitilira 17% omwe anali ma BEV, panali ma BEV 25 pa malo opangira anthu onse ku Norway. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa magawo a batri amagetsi a LDV akuchulukirachulukira, malo olipira pa BEV amachepa. Kukula kwa malonda a EV kungapitirire ngati kufunikira kolipiritsa kukukwaniritsidwa ndi malo opezekapo komanso otsika mtengo, mwina kudzera pamalipiritsa achinsinsi m'nyumba kapena kuntchito, kapena malo othamangitsira omwe anthu amafika nawo.

Chiyerekezo cha ma LDV amagetsi pa charger ya anthu onse

Malo oyendetsera anthu pa chiyerekezo cha batri-yamagetsi LDV m'maiko osankhidwa motsutsana ndi gawo lamasheya amagetsi amagetsi a LDV

Ngakhale ma PHEV sadalira kwambiri zomangamanga zolipiritsa anthu kuposa ma BEV, kupanga mfundo zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kokwanira kwa malo olipira kuyenera kuphatikizira (ndikulimbikitsa) kulipiritsa kwa PHEV pagulu. Ngati chiwerengero chonse cha ma LDV amagetsi pa charger chikuganiziridwa, avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi mu 2022 inali pafupifupi ma EV khumi pa charger. Maiko monga China, Korea ndi Netherlands asunga ma EV osakwana khumi pa charger m'zaka zapitazi. M'mayiko omwe amadalira kwambiri kulipiritsa pagulu, kuchuluka kwa ma charger omwe amafikiridwa ndi anthu akuchulukirachulukira pa liwiro lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi kutumiza kwa EV.

Komabe, m'misika ina yomwe imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwakukulu kwa kulipiritsa kunyumba (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyumba za banja limodzi ndi mwayi woyikira charger) kuchuluka kwa ma EV pamalipiritsa aboma kungakhale kokwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, chiŵerengero cha ma EV pa charger ndi 24, ndipo ku Norway ndi choposa 30. Pamene kulowetsedwa kwa msika kwa ma EV kumawonjezeka, kulipiritsa anthu kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, ngakhale m'mayikowa, kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa EV pakati pa madalaivala. omwe alibe mwayi wopeza njira zolipirira kunyumba kapena kuntchito. Komabe, chiŵerengero choyenera cha ma EV pa charger chidzasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso zosowa za oyendetsa.

Mwina chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa ma charger omwe alipo ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zolipirira anthu pa EV iliyonse, chifukwa ma charger othamanga amatha kutumizira ma EV ambiri kuposa ma charger oyenda pang'onopang'ono. M'magawo oyambilira a kutengera kwa EV, ndizomveka kuti magetsi omwe amapezeka pa EV akhale okwera, poganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger kumakhala kotsika kwambiri mpaka msika utakhwima komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Mogwirizana ndi izi, bungwe la European Union pa AFIR limaphatikizapo zofunikira kuti mphamvu zonse ziperekedwe potengera kukula kwa zombo zolembetsedwa.

Padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu zolipirira anthu pa LDV yamagetsi iliyonse ndi pafupifupi 2.4 kW pa EV. Ku European Union, chiŵerengerocho ndi chochepa, ndi avareji pafupifupi 1.2 kW pa EV. Korea ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri pa 7 kW pa EV, ngakhale ma charger ambiri (90%) amakhala otsegula pang'onopang'ono.

Chiwerengero cha ma LDV amagetsi pa malo opangira anthu onse ndi kW pa LDV yamagetsi, 2022

Tsegulani

Nambala ya ma LDV amagetsi pa potchaja kW ya magetsi pa LDVs New ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaIndonesiaFinlandJapaniEuropean UnionFrancePolandMexicoBelgiumWorldItaliyaIndiaSouth AfricaChileGreeceNetherlandsKorea08162432404856647280880968.4.472808809610.4. 66.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (mzere wapansi)
• kW / EV (pamwamba olamulira)

M'madera omwe magalimoto amagetsi akupezeka pamalonda, magalimoto amagetsi a batri amatha kupikisana pa TCO ndi magalimoto odziwika bwino a dizilo kuti azigwira ntchito zambiri, osati m'matauni ndi m'madera okha, komanso m'magawo a thirakitala-trailer madera ndi maulendo ataliatali. . Magawo atatu omwe amatsimikizira nthawi yomwe wafika ndi zolipiritsa; mtengo wamafuta ndi oyendetsera ntchito (monga kusiyana pakati pa mitengo ya dizilo ndi magetsi omwe oyendetsa galimoto amakumana nawo, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza); ndi thandizo la CAPEX kuti achepetse kusiyana kwa mtengo wogulira magalimoto. Popeza magalimoto amagetsi atha kupereka ntchito zomwezo ndi zotsika mtengo zamoyo zonse (kuphatikiza ngati mtengo wotsikirapo ukugwiritsidwa ntchito), momwe eni magalimoto amayembekeza kubwezanso ndalama zakutsogolo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusankha kugula galimoto yamagetsi kapena yanthawi zonse.

Chuma cha magalimoto amagetsi pamagalimoto akutali chingakhale bwino kwambiri ngati ndalama zolipiritsa zitha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera "kusintha-kuchoka" (monga nthawi yausiku kapena nthawi yotalikirapo) kulipiritsa pang'onopang'ono, kupeza mapangano ogula zinthu zambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito gridi “pakati-shift” (monga nthawi yopuma), kuthamanga (mpaka 350 kW), kapena kuthamangitsa kwambiri (> 350 kW) kuyitanitsa, ndikuyang'ana mwayi wowonjezera wanzeru ndi galimoto ndi grid kuti mupeze ndalama zowonjezera.

Magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabasi azidalira kuyitanitsa kosinthana ndikusintha mphamvu zawo zambiri. Izi zitha kutheka m'malo olipira achinsinsi kapena achinsinsi kapena m'malo ochitira anthu onse m'misewu yayikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri usiku wonse. Malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zikufunika kuti aziyika magetsi olemera kwambiri afunika kupangidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri pangafunike kukweza gridi yogawa ndi kutumiza. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto ofunikira, kulipiritsa kwa depo kumakhala kokwanira kutengera ntchito zambiri zamabasi akutawuni komanso magalimoto akumatauni ndi zigawo.

Malamulo omwe amalamula nthawi yopuma angaperekenso zenera la nthawi yolipiritsa pakati pa kusinthana ngati njira zolipiritsa zothamanga kapena zothamanga kwambiri zilipo panjira: European Union imafuna mphindi 45 yopuma pambuyo pa maola 4.5 aliwonse; United States imalamula mphindi 30 pambuyo pa maola 8.

Malo ambiri opangira ma charger othamanga (DC) omwe amapezeka pamalonda pano amathandizira mphamvu zamagetsi kuyambira 250-350 kW. Bungwe la European Council ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo limaphatikizapo ndondomeko yapang'onopang'ono yoyendetsera magalimoto amagetsi olemera kwambiri kuyambira 2025. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zofunikira za mphamvu zamagalimoto am'madera ndi maulendo ataliatali ku US ndi Europe amapeza kuti kulipiritsa mphamvu kuposa 350 kW. , komanso okwera mpaka 1 MW, angafunikire kuti muwonjezerenso magalimoto amagetsi panthawi yopuma ya mphindi 30 mpaka 45.

Pozindikira kufunikira kokweza ndalama zolipiritsa mwachangu kapena mwachangu kwambiri ngati chofunikira kuti ntchito zonse zachigawo komanso, makamaka, zizikhala zoyenda nthawi yayitali mwaukadaulo komanso mwachuma, mu 2022 Traton, Volvo, ndi Daimler adakhazikitsa mgwirizano wodziyimira pawokha, Ndi EUR 500. miliyoni m’mabizinesi ophatikizika kuchokera kumagulu atatu opangira zinthu zolemetsa, cholinga chake ndi kutumiza malo othamangitsira opitilira 1 700 (300 mpaka 350 kW) ndi ultra-fast (1 MW) ku Europe konse.

Miyezo yolipiritsa ingapo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndipo zaukadaulo pakuchapira mwachangu kwambiri zikukonzedwa. Kuwonetsetsa kusinthasintha kokwanira kwa miyezo yolipiritsa ndi kugwirizana kwa ma EV olemetsa kwambiri kudzafunika kuti tipewe mtengo, kusagwira bwino ntchito, ndi zovuta kwa ogulitsa magalimoto ndi ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zingapangidwe ndi opanga kutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ku China, opanga anzawo China Electricity Council ndi CHAdeMO "ultra ChaoJi" akupanga mulingo wolipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi olemera mpaka ma megawati angapo. Ku Europe ndi ku United States, zofotokozera za CharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. akupangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndi mabungwe ena. Mafotokozedwe omaliza a MCS, omwe adzafunikire pakupanga malonda, akuyembekezeka ku 2024. Pambuyo pa malo oyamba opangira megawati operekedwa ndi Daimler Trucks ndi Portland General Electric (PGE) mu 2021, komanso ndalama ndi ntchito ku Austria, Sweden. , Spain ndi United Kingdom.

Kuchita malonda kwa ma charger okhala ndi mphamvu ya 1 MW kudzafunika ndalama zambiri, chifukwa masiteshoni omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo adzawononga ndalama zambiri pakuyika ndi kukweza gridi. Kuwunikiranso mabizinesi amagetsi amagetsi ndi malamulo a gawo lamagetsi, kulinganiza makonzedwe a anthu onse okhudzidwa ndi kulipiritsa mwanzeru zonse zitha kuthandiza Thandizo lachindunji kudzera m'mapulojekiti oyesa komanso zolimbikitsira zachuma zithanso kufulumizitsa ziwonetsero ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa malingaliro ena ofunikira popanga malo othamangitsira omwe ali ndi MCS:

• Kukonza malo okwerera kulipiritsa m'malo osungiramo misewu yayikulu pafupi ndi mayendedwe opatsira magalimoto ndi masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono kumatha kukhala njira yabwino yochepetsera ndalama komanso kukulitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma charger.
• Malumikizidwe a "kukula bwino" omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mizere yopatsirana atangoyamba kumene, potero kuyembekezera zosowa zamphamvu za dongosolo lomwe magawo ambiri onyamula katundu adapatsidwa magetsi, m'malo mokweza ma gridi ogawa pazodziwikiratu komanso kwakanthawi kochepa. maziko, adzakhala ofunika kuchepetsa ndalama. Izi zidzafuna kukonzekera kokhazikika komanso kogwirizana pakati pa ogwiritsira ntchito gridi ndi omwe akulipiritsa opanga zomangamanga m'magawo onse.
• Popeza kulumikizana kwa makina otumizira mauthenga ndi kukweza ma gridi kumatha kutenga zaka 4-8, kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga malo othamangitsira omwe ali patsogolo kwambiri kuyenera kuyambika posachedwa.

Njira zothetsera mavutowa zikuphatikiza kuyika zosungirako zokhazikika ndikuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kwanuko, kuphatikizira ndi kulipiritsa mwanzeru, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa mitengo yonse yokhudzana ndi kulumikizana ndi gridi ndi ndalama zogulira magetsi (monga kupatsa mwayi oyendetsa magalimoto kuti achepetse mtengo potengera kusinthasintha kwamitengo tsiku lonse, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi. mwayi wamagalimoto kupita ku gridi, etc.).

Njira zina zoperekera mphamvu zamagalimoto olemetsa (HDVs) ndikusintha mabatire ndi njira zamagetsi zamagetsi. Misewu yamagetsi yamagetsi imatha kusamutsa magetsi kugalimoto mwina kudzera m'makoyilo olowera mumsewu, kapena kudzera panjira zolumikizirana pakati pagalimoto ndi msewu, kapena kudzera pamizere yapamtunda. Zosankha za Catenary ndi njira zina zolipiritsa zitha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chochepetsera mtengo wapayunivesite yapanthawi yosinthira kupita ku magalimoto amtundu wa zero komanso oyenda nthawi yayitali, ndikumaliza bwino malinga ndi ndalama zonse ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Angathandizenso kuchepetsa kufunika kwa batire. Kufuna kwa batri kumatha kuchepetsedwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, ngati misewu yamagetsi idapangidwa kuti igwirizane osati ndi magalimoto okha komanso magalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, njira zotere zimafuna mapangidwe olimbikitsa kapena amsewu omwe amabwera ndi zopinga zokulirapo pakukula kwaukadaulo ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo ndizofunika ndalama zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, misewu yamagetsi imabweretsa zovuta zazikulu zofananira ndi za njanji, kuphatikiza kufunikira kokhazikika kwa njira ndi magalimoto (monga momwe ziwonetsedwera ndi ma tramu ndi mabasi a trolley), kuyanjana kudutsa malire pamaulendo ataliatali, ndi zomangamanga zoyenera. zitsanzo za umwini. Amapereka kusinthasintha kochepa kwa eni magalimoto malinga ndi mayendedwe ndi mitundu yamagalimoto, ndipo amakhala ndi ndalama zokulirapo zonse, zomwe zimakhudza kupikisana kwawo potengera malo othamangitsira nthawi zonse. Potengera zovutazi, njira zotere zitha kutumizidwa kaye m'makonde onyamula katundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale mgwirizano wapakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana aboma ndi achinsinsi. Ziwonetsero pamisewu yapagulu mpaka pano ku Germany ndi Sweden zadalira akatswiri ochokera m'mabungwe achinsinsi komanso aboma. Maitanidwe a oyendetsa misewu yamagetsi akuganiziridwanso ku China, India, UK ndi United States.

Kulipiritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto olemetsa

Kusanthula kwa International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) kukuwonetsa kuti kusinthana kwa batri kwa mawilo amagetsi amagetsi mumayendedwe a taxi (mwachitsanzo ma taxi apanjinga) kumapereka TCO yopikisana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma point charging BEV kapena ICE mawilo awiri. Pankhani yotumiza mailosi omaliza kudzera pa mawilo awiri, kulipiritsa mfundo pakadali pano kuli ndi mwayi wa TCO kuposa kusinthana kwa batire, koma ndi mfundo zolimbikitsira komanso kukula kwake, kusinthanitsa kumatha kukhala njira yabwino pazinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri, mtunda woyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ukuwonjezeka, batire yamagetsi yamawilo awiri yokhala ndi batire yosinthana imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa kuthamangitsa ma point kapena magalimoto amafuta. Mu 2021, Swappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium idakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chothandizira kusinthana kwa batire pamagalimoto opepuka, kuphatikiza mawilo awiri/matatu, pogwira ntchito limodzi pama batire wamba.

Kusinthana kwa mabatire pamagetsi awiri/mawilo atatu kukuchulukirachulukira ku India. Pakali pano pali makampani opitilira khumi pamsika waku India, kuphatikiza Gogoro, wotsogola wamagetsi aku China ku Taipei komanso mtsogoleri waukadaulo wosinthira mabatire. A Gogoro akuti mabatire ake ali ndi mphamvu 90% ya ma scooters amagetsi ku China Taipei, ndipo netiweki ya Gogoro ili ndi masiteshoni osinthira mabatire opitilira 12,000 kuti athandizire ma 500 000 amagetsi amagetsi awiri m'maiko asanu ndi anayi, makamaka ku Asia Pacific dera. mgwirizano ndi Zypp Electric yochokera ku India, yomwe imayendetsa nsanja ya EV-as-a-service yoperekera maulendo omaliza; palimodzi, akutumiza malo osinthira mabatire a 6 ndi ma 100 mawilo amagetsi amagetsi awiri monga gawo la polojekiti yoyendetsa bizinesi yopita ku bizinesi yamakilomita omaliza mumzinda wa Delhi. Kumayambiriro kwa 2023, adakweza, zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito kukulitsa zombo zawo mpaka 200 000 zamawilo amagetsi awiri kudutsa mizinda 30 yaku India pofika 2025. zamagalimoto amagetsi awiri ndi atatu, kuphatikiza ma e-rickshaw, ndi anzawo monga Amazon India. Thailand ikuwonanso ntchito zosinthira mabatire a taxi yamoto ndi oyendetsa magalimoto.

Ngakhale kuli kofala kwambiri ku Asia, kusinthana kwa batire pamagalimoto amagetsi amagetsi akufalikiranso ku Africa. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambika kwa njinga zamoto zamagetsi zaku Rwanda kumagwiritsa ntchito malo osinthira mabatire, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuyendetsa taxi zanjinga zamoto zomwe zimafunikira maulendo ataliatali tsiku lililonse. Ampersand yamanga masiteshoni khumi osinthira mabatire ku Kigali ndi atatu ku Nairobi, Kenya. Masiteshoniwa amagwira ntchito pafupifupi 37 000 mabatire osinthana mwezi uliwonse.

Kusinthana kwa batri kwa mawilo awiri/matatu kumapereka zabwino zambiri

Kwa magalimoto makamaka, kusinthana kwa batire kumatha kukhala ndi zabwino zambiri pakulipiritsa mwachangu kwambiri. Choyamba, kusinthana kungatengeko pang'ono, zomwe zingakhale zovuta komanso zokwera mtengo kuzipeza kudzera pazingwe zopangira chingwe, zomwe zimafuna chojambulira chothamanga kwambiri cholumikizidwa ndi ma gridi apakati mpaka okwera kwambiri komanso makina okwera mtengo oyendetsera mabatire ndi ma chemistries a batri. Kupewa kulipiritsa mothamanga kwambiri kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya batri, magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wanthawi zonse.

Battery-as-a-service (BaaS), kulekanitsa kugula kwa galimoto ndi batire, ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wobwereketsa batire, kumachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wogulira patsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza magalimoto amatha kudalira ma batri a lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP), omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri kuposa mabatire a lithiamu nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), ndi oyenera kusinthana malinga ndi chitetezo komanso kukwanitsa.

Komabe, mtengo wopangira siteshoni ukhala wokwera kwambiri posinthana ndi mabatire agalimoto chifukwa cha kukula kwagalimoto yayikulu komanso mabatire olemera, omwe amafunikira malo ochulukirapo komanso zida zapadera kuti asinthe. Chotchinga china chachikulu ndi kufunikira koti mabatire akhale olingana ndi kukula kwake ndi mphamvu zomwe akupatsidwa, zomwe ma OEM agalimoto amawona kuti ndizovuta kuti pakhale mpikisano chifukwa kapangidwe ka batri ndi kuchuluka kwake ndizosiyana kwambiri pakati pa opanga magalimoto amagetsi.

China ili patsogolo pakusinthana kwa mabatire pamagalimoto chifukwa chothandizira mfundo zazikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwa kuti uzigwirizana ndi kulipiritsa ma chingwe. Mu 2021, MIIT yaku China idalengeza kuti mizinda ingapo idzayendetsa ukadaulo wosinthira mabatire, kuphatikiza kusinthana kwa batire la HDV m'mizinda itatu. Pafupifupi onse opanga magalimoto olemera aku China, kuphatikiza FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, ndi SAIC.

China ili patsogolo pakusinthitsa mabatire pamagalimoto

China ndiyenso mtsogoleri pakusintha kwa mabatire pamagalimoto onyamula anthu. Pamitundu yonse, kuchuluka kwa malo osinthira mabatire ku China kudayima chakumapeto kwa 2022, 50% kuposa kumapeto kwa 2021. NIO, yomwe imapanga magalimoto osinthira mabatire ndi malo osinthira othandizira, imathamanga kuposa ku China, akunena kuti maukondewa amakhudza magawo awiri mwa atatu a China. Theka la malo awo osinthira zinthu adayikidwa mu 2022, ndipo kampaniyo yakhazikitsa chandamale cha masiteshoni 4 000 osinthira mabatire padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2025. Kampani malo awo osinthira amatha kuchita ma swaps 300 patsiku, kulipiritsa mpaka mabatire 13 nthawi imodzi. 20-80 kW.

NIO idalengezanso mapulani omanga malo osinthira mabatire ku Europe pomwe mitundu yawo yamagalimoto yosinthira mabatire idayamba kupezeka m'misika yaku Europe chakumapeto kwa 2022. Malo oyamba osinthira mabatire a NIO ku Sweden adatsegulidwa ndipo kumapeto kwa 2022, khumi NIO. malo osinthira mabatire anali atatsegulidwa ku Norway, Germany, Sweden ndi Netherlands. Mosiyana ndi NIO, yomwe malo ake osinthira amatumizira magalimoto a NIO, masiteshoni aku China osinthira mabatire a Aulton amathandizira mitundu 30 kuchokera kumakampani 16 osiyanasiyana amagalimoto.

Kusinthana kwa batri kungakhalenso njira yowoneka bwino ya zombo za taxi za LDV, zomwe magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyitanitsa nthawi kuposa magalimoto anu. Ample yoyambira ku US pakadali pano imagwiritsa ntchito malo 12 osinthira mabatire m'dera la San Francisco Bay, makamaka magalimoto a Uber rideshare.

China ndiyenso mtsogoleri pakusintha kwa mabatire pamagalimoto onyamula anthu

Maumboni

Ma charger oyenda pang'onopang'ono ali ndi mphamvu zochepera kapena zofanana ndi 22 kW. Ma charger othamanga ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yopitilira 22 kW mpaka 350 kW. "Malipiro" ndi "machaja" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndipo amatanthawuza sockets payekha, kusonyeza chiwerengero cha ma EV omwe amatha kulipira nthawi imodzi. ''Masiteshoni ochapira' atha kukhala ndi malo othamangitsira angapo.

M'mbuyomu, lamulo la AFIR, likavomerezedwa, lidzakhala lamulo lomanga, kutchula, mwa zina, mtunda wautali pakati pa ma charger omwe amaikidwa m'mphepete mwa TEN-T, misewu ya pulayimale ndi yachiwiri mkati mwa European Union.

Mayankho ochititsa chidwi amachokera ku malonda ndipo amakumana ndi zovuta kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira pa liwiro la misewu yayikulu.