Trends in Charging Infrastructure

Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev xav tau them tam sim no tau ntsib los ntawm kev them nyiaj hauv tsev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv tau rau pej xeem yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau muab tib theem ntawm kev yooj yim thiab kev siv tau zoo ib yam li kev siv tsheb thauj mus los. Hauv cov nroog loj, tshwj xeeb, qhov kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev them nyiaj tsawg dua, kev them nyiaj rau pej xeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv EV. Thaum kawg ntawm 2022, muaj 2.7 lab pej xeem cov ntsiab lus them nqi thoob ntiaj teb, ntau dua 900 000 ntawm cov uas tau teeb tsa hauv 2022, kwv yees li 55% nce ntawm 2021 Tshuag, thiab piv rau kev loj hlob ua ntej kev sib kis ntawm 50% ntawm 2015 thiab 2019.

Lub chargers qeeb

Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ntau dua 600 000 pej xeem qeeb them cov ntsiab lus1tau teeb tsa hauv 2022, 360 000 ntawm cov uas nyob hauv Suav teb, nqa cov khoom lag luam qeeb qeeb hauv lub tebchaws mus rau ntau dua 1 lab. Thaum kawg ntawm 2022, Tuam Tshoj yog lub tsev rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov Tshuag ntawm pej xeem qeeb chargers.

Teb chaws Europe nyob rau qib thib ob, nrog 460 000 tag nrho cov chargers qeeb hauv 2022, nce 50% ntawm xyoo dhau los. Lub Netherlands coj hauv Tebchaws Europe nrog 117 000, ua raws li ntawm 74 000 hauv Fabkis thiab 64 000 hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov khoom lag luam qeeb qeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nce 9% hauv 2022, qhov kev loj hlob qis tshaj ntawm cov lag luam loj. Hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, cov khoom lag luam qeeb tau nce ob npaug rau xyoo, nce mus txog 184 000 cov ntsiab lus them nqi.

Fast chargers

Cov khoom siv ceev ceev tuaj yeem siv tau rau pej xeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyob hauv txoj kev tsheb loj, ua kom muaj kev taug kev ntev dua thiab tuaj yeem daws qhov kev ntxhov siab ntau, cuam tshuam rau EV kev saws me nyuam. Zoo li cov chargers qeeb, pej xeem ceev chargers kuj muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis muaj kev nkag tau yooj yim rau kev them nyiaj ntiag tug, yog li txhawb nqa EV kev saws me nyuam thoob plaws ntau thaj tsam ntawm cov pej xeem. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chargers ceev tau nce 330 000 thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2022, txawm tias feem ntau (yuav luag 90%) ntawm kev loj hlob tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kev xa tawm ntawm kev them nyiaj ceev them rov qab rau qhov tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev chargers nyob rau hauv cov nroog uas muaj neeg coob thiab txhawb nqa Tuam Tshoj lub hom phiaj rau kev xa tawm EV sai. Tuam Tshoj suav rau tag nrho ntawm 760 000 lub chargers ceev, tab sis ntau tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ceev ceev them pawg Tshuag yog nyob hauv kaum lub xeev xwb.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe tag nrho cov khoom siv ceev ceev tau suav nrog ntau dua 70 000 thaum kawg ntawm 2022, nce ntawm 55% piv rau 2021. Cov teb chaws uas muaj cov khoom siv ceev ceev tshaj plaws yog lub teb chaws Yelemees (tshaj 12 000), Fabkis (9 700) thiab Norway. (9 000). Muaj kev xav paub meej thoob plaws European Union txhawm rau txhim kho cov kev them nyiaj pej xeem ntxiv, raws li tau hais los ntawm kev pom zoo ib ntus ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj Hloov Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (AFIR), uas yuav teeb tsa cov kev them nqi hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv cov teb chaws Europe-kev thauj mus los (TEN -T) nruab nrab ntawm European Investment Bank thiab European Commission yuav ua kom ntau dua EUR 1.5 billion muaj nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm 2023 rau lwm yam kev siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog kev them nyiaj ceev ceev.

Tebchaws Asmeskas tau teeb tsa 6 300 lub chargers ceev hauv xyoo 2022, kwv yees li peb feem peb ntawm cov uas yog Tesla Superchargers. Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ceev ceev tau mus txog 28 000 thaum kawg ntawm 2022. Kev xa tawm yuav tsum ua kom nrawm dua nyob rau xyoo tom ntej tom qab tsoomfwv pom zoo los ntawm (NEVI). Txhua lub xeev hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, Washington DC, thiab Puerto Rico tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm, thiab twb tau faib nyiaj USD 885 lab nyiaj rau xyoo 2023 los txhawb kev tsim-tawm ntawm chargers hla 122 000 km ntawm txoj kev loj. Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Loj Hlob tau tshaj tawm cov qauv tshiab hauv tebchaws rau tsoomfwv cov nyiaj EV chargers kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xws, kev ntseeg siab, kev nkag mus tau thiab sib raug zoo. ntawm cov qauv tshiab, Tesla tau tshaj tawm tias nws yuav qhib ib feem ntawm nws US Supercharger (qhov twg Superchargers sawv cev 60% ntawm tag nrho cov Tshuag ntawm cov charger ceev hauv Tebchaws Meskas) thiab Destination Charger network rau cov uas tsis yog Tesla EVs.

Cov ntsiab lus them nqi pej xeem yog qhov tsim nyog ntxiv los ua kom dav dua EV

Kev xa tawm ntawm pej xeem kev them nyiaj hauv kev cia siab tias yuav loj hlob hauv EV kev muag khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv EV thoob plaws. Hauv Norway, piv txwv li, muaj nyob ib puag ncig 1.3 roj teeb hluav taws xob LDVs ib qho chaw them nyiaj rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 2011, uas tau txhawb nqa ntxiv. Thaum kawg ntawm 2022, nrog ntau dua 17% ntawm LDVs yog BEVs, muaj 25 BEVs ib qho chaw them nqi pej xeem hauv Norway. Feem ntau, raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob LDVs nce, qhov chaw them nqi ntawm BEV piv txo qis. Kev loj hlob ntawm EV kev muag khoom tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhawb nqa yog tias kev thov them nyiaj tau txais los ntawm kev siv tau thiab pheej yig, xws li los ntawm kev them nyiaj ntiag tug hauv tsev lossis hauv chaw ua haujlwm, lossis chaw them nqi rau pej xeem.

Qhov sib piv ntawm hluav taws xob LDVs rau ib lub charger pej xeem

Pej xeem them nqi taw tes rau ib lub roj teeb-hluav taws xob LDV piv hauv cov teb chaws xaiv tawm tsam roj teeb hluav taws xob LDV Tshuag koom

Thaum PHEVs tsis tshua muaj kev vam khom rau pej xeem kev them nyiaj ntau dua li BEVs, txoj cai-txoj cai hais txog qhov muaj txaus ntawm cov ntsiab lus them nqi yuav tsum suav nrog (thiab txhawb kom) pej xeem PHEV them. Yog tias tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob LDVs rau ib qho chaw them nqi raug txiav txim siab, qhov nruab nrab thoob ntiaj teb hauv 2022 yog kwv yees li kaum EVs rau ib lub charger. Cov teb chaws xws li Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Netherlands tau khaws tsawg dua kaum lub EVs rau ib lub charger thoob plaws xyoo dhau los. Hauv cov teb chaws uas vam khom rau kev them nyiaj rau pej xeem, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem siv tau rau pej xeem tau nthuav dav ntawm qhov nrawm uas zoo sib xws rau EV xa tawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov kev lag luam uas muaj qhov muaj ntau ntawm kev them nyiaj hauv tsev (vim muaj kev sib koom siab ntawm tsev neeg ib leeg nrog lub sijhawm los nruab lub charger) tus naj npawb ntawm EVs ib qho chaw them nqi pej xeem tuaj yeem siab dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, qhov piv ntawm EVs ib charger yog 24, thiab nyob rau hauv Norway yog ntau tshaj 30. Raws li kev ua lag luam nkag mus rau EVs nce, pej xeem kev them nqi nce tseem ceeb, txawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws no, los txhawb EV saws ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb. leej twg tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev ntiag tug lossis chaw ua haujlwm them nyiaj xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm EVs rau ib lub charger yuav txawv raws li cov xwm txheej hauv zos thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb xav tau.

Tej zaum tseem ceeb tshaj li cov xov tooj ntawm cov chargers muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov pej xeem them lub hwj chim muaj peev xwm ntawm EV, muab hais tias cov chargers ceev yuav pab tau ntau tshaj EVs qeeb chargers. Thaum lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm EV saws, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab rau qhov muaj peev xwm them nyiaj rau EV kom siab, xav tias kev siv lub charger yuav qis dua kom txog rau thaum kev lag luam loj hlob thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog qhov no, European Union ntawm AFIR suav nrog cov kev cai rau tag nrho lub zog muaj peev xwm muab tau raws li qhov loj ntawm lub nkoj sau npe.

Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pej xeem them hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob LDV yog nyob ib puag ncig 2.4 kW ib EV. Hauv European Union, qhov sib piv qis dua, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1.2 kW ib EV. Kaus Lim Kauslim muaj qhov sib piv siab tshaj plaws ntawm 7 kW ib EV, txawm tias feem ntau cov chargers rau pej xeem (90%) yog cov chargers qeeb.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob LDVs ib qho chaw them nyiaj rau pej xeem thiab kW rau hluav taws xob LDV, 2022

Qhib

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob LDVs rau ib qho kev them nqi ib tus nqi them rau pej xeem ib qho hluav taws xob LDVsNew ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilGermanySwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainCanadaIndonesiaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanThailandEuropean UnionFrancePolandMexicoBelgium Teb chaws AfricaChileGreece NetherlandsKorea08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV / EVSE (hauv qab axis)
• kW / EV (sab saum toj axis)

Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua lag luam, cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem sib tw ntawm TCO nrog cov pa roj tsheb rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsis yog hauv nroog thiab cheeb tsam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb laij teb-trailer cheeb tsam thiab ntev-ntev ntu. . Peb qhov kev ntsuas uas txiav txim siab lub sijhawm uas mus txog yog tus lej xov tooj; roj thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam (xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tau ntsib los ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb, thiab txo cov nqi kho); thiab CAPEX cov nyiaj pab los txo qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi tsheb yuav khoom ua ntej. Txij li cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab cov kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam nrog cov nqi qis dua lub neej (xws li yog tias tus nqi luv nqi siv), uas cov tswv tsheb xav kom rov qab tau cov nqi ua ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab seb puas yuav yuav lub tsheb hluav taws xob lossis cov tsheb loj.

Kev lag luam rau cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob hauv cov ntawv thov nyob deb tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo yog tias cov nqi them tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev ua kom "tawm-ua haujlwm" (xws li hmo ntuj lossis lwm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua) qeeb them nyiaj, ruaj ntseg cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm rau "mid-ua haujlwm" (piv txwv li thaum so), ceev (txog 350 kW), lossis ultra-ceev (> 350 kW) them, thiab tshawb xyuas kev them nyiaj ntse thiab tsheb-rau-daim phiaj rau cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv.

Cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob thiab tsheb npav yuav cia siab rau kev them nyiaj tawm mus rau feem ntau ntawm lawv lub zog. Qhov no yuav ua tiav ntau ntawm cov chaw them nyiaj ntiag tug lossis ib nrab ntiag tug lossis ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb pej xeem ntawm txoj kev loj, thiab feem ntau thaum hmo ntuj. Depots rau kev pab cuam loj hlob xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob hnyav yuav tsum tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej yuav xav tau kev faib khoom thiab kev sib kis kab sib chaws. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tsheb, cov chaw them nyiaj yuav txaus los them cov haujlwm feem ntau hauv tsheb npav hauv nroog nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog thiab hauv cheeb tsam.

Cov kev cai tswj hwm lub sijhawm so tseem tuaj yeem muab lub sijhawm rau lub sijhawm them nyiaj nruab nrab yog tias kev xaiv them sai lossis ultra-ceev muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev: European Union xav tau 45 feeb ntawm so tom qab txhua 4.5 teev ntawm kev tsav tsheb; Tebchaws Meskas muab 30 feeb tom qab 8 teev.

Feem ntau cov khoom lag luam muaj tam sim no ncaj qha (DC) cov chaw them nqi ceev tam sim no ua kom muaj zog ntawm 250-350 kW. tau mus txog los ntawm European Council thiab Parliament suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnyav pib txij xyoo 2025. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov tsheb thauj mus ntev hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe pom tias them lub zog siab dua 350 kW. , thiab siab npaum li 1 MW, tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua kom tag nrho cov tsheb thauj khoom hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm so 30- txog 45 feeb.

Paub txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm nrawm lossis nrawm nrawm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej ua rau ob qho tib si hauv cheeb tsam thiab, tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig, hauv 2022 Traton, Volvo, thiab Daimler tau tsim muaj kev ywj pheej sib koom ua lag luam, Nrog EUR 500 lab hauv kev nqis peev los ntawm peb pawg tsim khoom hnyav, qhov kev pib ua kom siv ntau dua 1 700 nrawm (300 rau 350 kW) thiab ultra-ceev (1 MW) them cov ntsiab lus thoob plaws Europe.

Ntau cov qauv kev them nyiaj tam sim no tau siv, thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev them nyiaj ceev ceev yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho. Ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv kev them nqi thiab kev sib cuam tshuam rau cov haujlwm hnyav EVs yuav tsum tau zam kom tsis txhob muaj tus nqi, kev ua tsis tau zoo, thiab cov teeb meem rau cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas yuav tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua raws li kev sib txawv.

Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, co-developers Tuam Tshoj Hluav Taws Xob Council thiab CHAdeMO's "ultra ChaoJi" tab tom tsim cov qauv them rau cov tsheb fais fab hnyav txog li ob peb megawatts. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau CharIN Megawatt Charging System (MCS), nrog lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm. yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho los ntawm International Organization for Standardization (ISO) thiab lwm lub koom haum. Qhov kawg MCS specifications, uas yuav xav tau rau kev lag luam yob tawm, yuav tsum tau rau 2024. Tom qab thawj megawatt them qhov chaw muab los ntawm Daimler Trucks thiab Portland General Electric (PGE) nyob rau hauv 2021, nrog rau kev nqis peev thiab tej yaam num nyob rau hauv Austria, Sweden. , Spain thiab United Kingdom.

Kev lag luam ntawm cov chargers nrog lub zog ntsuas ntawm 1 MW yuav xav tau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb, vim tias cov chaw nres tsheb nrog cov kev xav tau siab zog yuav raug nqi tseem ceeb hauv ob qho tib si kev teeb tsa thiab kev hloov kho kab sib chaws. Kev hloov kho cov qauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob rau pej xeem siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev cai ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, kev sib koom ua ke kev npaj thoob plaws cov neeg muaj feem xyuam thiab kev them nyiaj ntse tuaj yeem pab txhawb nqa ncaj qha los ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm thiab kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag tseem tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam thiab kev saws me nyuam thaum ntxov. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia txog qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim MCS cov chaw them nqi them nqi:

• Kev npaj them cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm txoj kev loj depot qhov chaw ze ntawm cov kab sib kis thiab cov chaw nres tsheb yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev txo nqi thiab nce kev siv lub charger.
• "Right-sizing" kev sib txuas nrog kev sib txuas ncaj qha mus rau cov kab sib kis thaum ntxov, yog li cia siab tias yuav tsum muaj lub zog xav tau ntawm cov kab ke uas muaj kev sib koom siab ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom tau raug hluav taws xob, tsis yog hloov kho cov kab sib txuas ntawm ad-hoc thiab lub sijhawm luv. hauv paus, yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo cov nqi. Qhov no yuav xav tau kev npaj thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kab sib chaws thiab them nyiaj rau cov neeg tsim kho vaj tse nyob thoob plaws cov haujlwm.
• Txij li kev sib txuas lus sib txuas thiab kev hloov kho kab sib chaws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm 4-8 xyoo, zaum thiab kev tsim kho cov chaw them nqi tseem ceeb yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau.

Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev txhim kho qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab kev sib koom ua ke hauv lub peev xwm txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, ua ke nrog kev them nyiaj ntse, uas tuaj yeem pab txo qis ob qho kev tsim kho vaj tse cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm kab hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob (piv txwv li los ntawm kev ua kom cov neeg tsav tsheb txo tus nqi los ntawm arbitraging nqi sib txawv txhua hnub, noj kom zoo dua. ntawm lub caij tsheb-rau-grid, thiab lwm yam).

Lwm cov kev xaiv los muab lub zog rau cov tsheb hnyav hluav taws xob (HDVs) yog cov roj teeb hloov pauv thiab hluav taws xob txoj kev. Cov kab hluav taws xob txoj kev tuaj yeem hloov hluav taws xob mus rau lub tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm inductive coils hauv txoj kev, lossis los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub tsheb thiab txoj kev, los yog ntawm catenary (overhead) kab. Catenary thiab lwm yam kev xaiv them nqi hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tuav cov lus cog tseg rau kev txo cov nqi tsev kawm qib siab hauv kev hloov mus rau xoom-emission hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov tsheb thauj mus ntev, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov peev thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pab txo cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm xav tau. Kev thov roj teeb tuaj yeem txo qis ntxiv, thiab kev siv tau zoo dua ntxiv, yog tias cov kev siv hluav taws xob tau tsim los ua kom sib haum tsis yog cov tsheb thauj khoom nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav zoo li no yuav xav tau kev tsim qauv tsim los yog hauv txoj kev uas tuaj nrog cov teeb meem loj dua ntawm kev tsim kho tshuab thiab tsim qauv, thiab muaj peev txheej ntau dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li cov kev tsheb ciav hlau, suav nrog kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev tsim qauv ntawm txoj kev thiab tsheb (raws li tau piav qhia nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab tsheb npav), kev sib raug zoo hla ciam teb rau kev mus ncig ntev, thiab tsim nyog infrastructure. ua tswv qauv. Lawv muab kev hloov pauv tsawg dua rau cov tswv tsheb thauj khoom raws li txoj hauv kev thiab hom tsheb, thiab muaj cov nqi tsim kho siab tag nrho, txhua yam cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev sib tw nrog rau cov chaw them nqi li niaj zaus. Raws li cov kev cov nyom no, cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav siv tau zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej ntawm kev siv khoom thauj khoom hnyav, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes zoo thoob plaws ntau tus pej xeem thiab cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam. Kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev pej xeem rau hnub tim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Sweden tau tso siab rau cov yeej los ntawm ob qho tib si ntiag tug thiab pej xeem. Kev hu xov tooj rau cov neeg tsav tsheb hluav taws xob tseem raug txiav txim siab hauv Suav teb, Is Nrias teb, UK thiab Tebchaws Meskas.

Kev xav tau them rau cov tsheb hnyav

International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tias kev hloov roj teeb rau hluav taws xob ob lub log tsheb hauv kev pabcuam tsheb tavxij (xws li tsheb tavxij tsheb tavxij) muaj qhov sib tw TCO tshaj plaws piv rau taw tes them BEV lossis ICE ob lub log. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeem-mais tus me nyuam los ntawm ib tug ob-wheeler, taw tes them tam sim no muaj ib tug TCO kom zoo dua ntawm roj teeb swapping, tab sis nrog rau txoj cai txoj cai incentives thiab scale, swapping yuav yog ib tug siv tau nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau, raws li qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub mus ncig ua si nce ntxiv, lub roj teeb hluav taws xob ob lub log nrog lub roj teeb sib hloov ua kev lag luam ntau dua li qhov taw tes them lossis roj av tsheb. Nyob rau hauv 2021, lub Swappable Batteries Motorcycle Consortium tau tsim nrog lub hom phiaj los pab txhawb kev sib pauv roj teeb ntawm lub teeb-hnyav tsheb, suav nrog ob / peb-wheelers, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua ke ntawm cov roj teeb sib txawv.

Kev hloov roj teeb ntawm hluav taws xob ob / peb-wheelers tshwj xeeb tau txais lub zog hauv Is Nrias teb. Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub tuam txhab sib txawv hauv kev lag luam Indian, suav nrog Gogoro, Suav Taipei-based hluav taws xob scooter thiab roj teeb hloov pauv thev naus laus zis. Gogoro tau lees tias nws cov roj teeb muaj zog 90% ntawm cov hluav taws xob scooter hauv Suav Taipei, thiab Gogoro network muaj ntau tshaj 12 000 lub roj teeb hloov chaw los pab txhawb ntau tshaj 500 000 hluav taws xob ob-wheelers thoob plaws cuaj lub teb chaws, feem ntau hauv cheeb tsam Asia Pacific.Gogoro tau tsim tam sim no. kev koom tes nrog Is Nrias teb-based Zypp Electric, uas khiav EV-raws li kev pabcuam platform rau cov khoom xa tuaj kawg; ua ke, lawv tab tom siv 6 lub chaw hloov pauv roj teeb thiab 100 lub tshuab hluav taws xob ob lub log uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev sim ua haujlwm rau kev lag luam-rau-kev lag luam kawg-mais kev xa khoom hauv nroog Delhi. Thaum pib ntawm 2023, lawv tau tsa, uas lawv yuav siv los nthuav lawv cov nkoj mus rau 200 000 hluav taws xob ob lub log hla 30 lub nroog Indian los ntawm 2025. Sun Mobility muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev hloov roj teeb hauv Is Nrias teb, nrog ntau qhov chaw sib pauv thoob plaws lub tebchaws. rau hluav taws xob ob- thiab peb-lub log, suav nrog e-rickshaws, nrog cov neeg koom tes xws li Amazon India. Thaib kuj tseem pom nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam hloov roj teeb rau maus taus tsheb tavxij thiab cov tsav tsheb xa khoom.

Thaum muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Asia, roj teeb hloov pauv rau hluav taws xob ob lub log tseem kis mus rau Africa. Piv txwv li, Rwandan hluav taws xob maus taus pib pib ua haujlwm hloov roj teeb chaw nres tsheb, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm rau cov tsheb tavxij maus taus uas xav tau ntev ntev. Ampersand tau tsim kaum lub chaw hloov roj teeb hauv Kigali thiab peb hauv Nairobi, Kenya. Cov chaw nres tsheb no ua haujlwm ze rau 37 000 roj teeb sib pauv ib hlis.

Kev hloov roj teeb rau ob / peb lub log muaj cov nqi zoo

Rau cov tsheb thauj khoom tshwj xeeb, kev sib pauv roj teeb tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo dua li kev them nyiaj ceev ceev. Ua ntej, kev sib pauv yuav siv sij hawm me ntsis, uas yuav nyuaj thiab kim kom ua tiav los ntawm kev them nyiaj cable, xav tau lub charger ultra-ceev txuas nrog cov kab nruab nrab mus rau high-voltage thiab kim roj teeb tswj systems thiab roj teeb chemistry. Zam kev them nyiaj ceev ceev kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm, kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej voj voog.

Battery-as-a-service (BaaS), sib cais kev yuav lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab lub roj teeb, thiab tsim daim ntawv cog lus xauj tsev rau lub roj teeb, txo cov nqi yuav khoom ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li cov tsheb thauj khoom zoo li nyob ntawm lithium hlau phosphate (LFP) roj teeb chemistry, uas muaj zog dua lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) roj teeb, lawv tau zoo rau kev sib pauv ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab pheej yig.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub chaw nres tsheb yuav zoo dua rau cov tsheb thauj khoom sib pauv tau muab lub tsheb loj thiab cov roj teeb hnyav dua, uas yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los ua qhov sib pauv. Lwm qhov teeb meem loj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov roj teeb ua qauv raws li qhov loj me thiab muaj peev xwm, uas cov tsheb thauj khoom OEMs yuav pom tau tias yog ib qho kev sib tw rau kev sib tw raws li lub roj teeb tsim thiab lub peev xwm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob tsheb.

Tuam Tshoj yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub roj teeb sib pauv rau cov tsheb thauj khoom vim muaj kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis tsim los txhawb kev them nyiaj cable. Xyoo 2021, Tuam Tshoj MIIT tshaj tawm tias ntau lub nroog yuav sim roj teeb hloov tshuab, suav nrog HDV roj teeb hloov pauv hauv peb lub nroog. Yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab loj hauv Suav teb, suav nrog FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, thiab SAIC.

Tuam Tshoj yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm roj teeb swapping rau cov tsheb thauj khoom

Tuam Tshoj kuj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev sib pauv roj teeb rau cov neeg caij tsheb. Thoob plaws txhua hom, tag nrho cov roj teeb hloov chaw nyob hauv Suav teb tau sawv ntawm yuav luag thaum kawg ntawm 2022, 50% siab dua thaum kawg ntawm 2021. NIO, uas tsim cov roj teeb hloov tsheb thiab cov chaw nres tsheb sib pauv, khiav ntau dua. hauv Suav teb, tshaj tawm tias lub network npog ntau dua ob feem peb ntawm Tuam Tshoj mainland. Ib nrab ntawm lawv qhov chaw sib pauv tau nruab rau xyoo 2022, thiab lub tuam txhab tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj ntawm 4 000 lub chaw sib pauv roj teeb thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm 2025. Lub tuam txhab lawv cov chaw sib pauv tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua 300 qhov sib pauv hauv ib hnub, them txog 13 lub roj teeb ib txhij ntawm lub zog ntawm 20-80 kW.

NIO kuj tau tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los tsim cov chaw nres tsheb roj teeb hauv Tebchaws Europe raws li lawv cov qauv siv roj teeb hloov tsheb tau dhau los ua muaj nyob rau hauv European kev lag luam mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 2022. Thawj NIO roj teeb pauv chaw nres tsheb hauv Sweden tau qhib nyob rau hauv thiab thaum kawg ntawm 2022, kaum NIO. Cov chaw nres tsheb sib pauv roj teeb tau qhib thoob plaws Norway, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden thiab Netherlands. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau NIO, uas nws swapping chaw nres tsheb pab NIO tsheb, Suav roj teeb swapping chaw nres tsheb tus neeg teb xov tooj Aulton cov chaw nres tsheb txhawb 30 qauv los ntawm 16 lub tuam txhab tsheb sib txawv.

Kev hloov roj teeb kuj tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau LDV cov tsheb tavxij tsheb tavxij, uas nws cov haujlwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau lub sijhawm rov them dua li tus kheej lub tsheb. Teb Chaws Asmeskas pib Ample tam sim no ua haujlwm 12 lub chaw hloov roj teeb hauv San Francisco Bay cheeb tsam, feem ntau yog pab Uber caij tsheb sib tw.

Tuam Tshoj kuj yog tus thawj coj hauv kev sib pauv roj teeb rau cov neeg caij tsheb

Cov ntaub ntawv

Slow chargers muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 22 kW. Fast chargers yog cov uas muaj lub zog ntsuas ntau dua 22 kW thiab txog li 350 kW. "Cov ntsiab lus them nqi" thiab "cov chargers" yog siv sib hloov thiab xa mus rau tus kheej lub qhov (socket), uas qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm EVs uas tuaj yeem them tib lub sijhawm. "Charging chaw nres tsheb" yuav muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus them nqi.

Yav dhau los cov lus qhia, qhov kev thov AFIR, ib zaug pom zoo, yuav dhau los ua txoj cai lij choj uas muaj feem cuam tshuam, qhia, thiab lwm yam, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov chargers tau teeb tsa raws li TEN-T, txoj kev tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab hauv European Union.

Cov kev daws teeb meem inductive yog ntxiv los ntawm kev lag luam thiab ntsib cov teeb meem kom xa lub zog txaus ntawm txoj kev loj.