Shin Tesla NACS zai haɗu da hanyoyin caji na Arewacin Amurka?

Shin Tesla za ta haɗa mu'amalar caji ta Arewacin Amurka?

A cikin ƴan kwanaki kaɗan, ƙa'idodin mu'amalar caji na Arewacin Amurka sun kusan canzawa.
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023, ba zato ba tsammani Ford ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai isa ga tashoshin caji na Tesla kuma zai fara aika adaftar don haɗawa da masu haɗin caji na Tesla zuwa masu mallakar Ford na yanzu daga shekara mai zuwa, sannan a gaba. Motocin lantarki na Ford za su yi amfani da na'urar caji kai tsaye ta Tesla, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar adaftar kuma za su iya amfani da duk hanyoyin cajin Tesla kai tsaye a duk faɗin Amurka.

Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2023, Babban Darakta na General Motors Barra da Musk sun sanar a wani taron Twitter Spaces cewa General Motors zai ɗauki ma'aunin Tesla, ma'aunin NACS (Tesla ta kira ƙirar cajin cajin wutar lantarki ta Arewacin Amurka (NACS a takaice), makamancin haka. zuwa Ford, GM kuma ya aiwatar da canjin wannan cajin caji a matakai biyu Tun daga farkon 2024, za a samar da masu daidaitawa ga masu mallakar motocin lantarki na GM, sannan kuma farawa a cikin 2025, sababbin motocin lantarki na GM za a sanye su tare da cajin NACS kai tsaye. kan abin hawa.

Ana iya cewa wannan babbar nasara ce ga sauran ka'idojin caji (yawanci CCS) waɗanda ke cikin kasuwar Arewacin Amurka. Ko da yake kamfanonin motoci uku ne kawai, Tesla, Ford da General Motors, suka shiga ma'auni na NACS, ana yin la'akari da girman tallace-tallace na motocin lantarki da kasuwar caji a Amurka a cikin 2022, ƙananan mutane ne da suka mamaye. mafi yawancin kasuwa: waɗannan 3 Siyar da motocin lantarki na waɗannan kamfanoni suna da sama da kashi 60% na siyar da motocin lantarki na Amurka, kuma cajin NACS na Tesla cikin sauri ya kai kusan 60% na kasuwar Amurka.

2. Yaƙi na duniya akan hanyoyin caji
Baya ga takaita zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa, saukakawa da saurin caji suma babban cikas ne ga yaduwar motocin lantarki. Bugu da kari, baya ga fasahar kanta, rashin daidaiton ka'idojin caji tsakanin kasashe da yankuna kuma yana sa ci gaban masana'antar cajin ya ragu da tsada.
A halin yanzu akwai manyan ƙa'idodi guda biyar na caji a duniya: CCS1 (CCS=Haɗin Cajin Tsarin) a Arewacin Amurka, CCS2 a Turai, GB/T a China, CHAdeMO a Japan, da NACS sadaukarwa ga Tesla.

Daga cikin su, Tesla ne kawai ke haɗa AC da DC a koyaushe, yayin da sauran ke da keɓantattun hanyoyin caji na AC (AC) da na'urorin caji na DC (DC).
A Arewacin Amurka, ma'aunin caji na CCS1 da Tesla na NACS a halin yanzu sune manyan. Kafin wannan, an yi gasa mafi zafi tsakanin CCS1 da ma'aunin CHAdeMO na Japan. Duk da haka, tare da rushewar kamfanonin Japan a kan hanyar lantarki mai tsabta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman ma faduwar Nissan Leaf, zakaran siyar da wutar lantarki a baya a Arewacin Amirka, samfurori na baya sun canza Ariya zuwa CCS1, kuma CHAdeMO ta sha kashi a Arewacin Amirka. .
Manyan kamfanonin motoci na Turai da yawa sun zaɓi ma'aunin CCS2. Kasar Sin tana da nata ma'aunin cajin GB/T (a halin yanzu tana haɓaka ma'aunin caji na ƙarni na gaba na ChaoJi), yayin da Japan har yanzu tana amfani da CHAdeMO.
An samo ma'auni na CCS daga ma'aunin tsarin haɗin caji mai sauri na DC dangane da ma'aunin SAE na Society of Engineers Automotive da ma'aunin ACEA na Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Motoci ta Turai. An kafa "Ƙungiyar Cajin Saurin Saurin" a hukumance a taron 26th World Electric Vehicle Conference a Los Angeles, Amurka a cikin 2012. A cikin wannan shekarar, manyan kamfanonin motoci na Amurka da Jamus guda takwas ciki har da Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche da Chrysler sun kafa haɗe-haɗe Madaidaicin cajin abin hawan lantarki sun ba da sanarwa kuma daga baya sun ba da sanarwar haɓaka haɗin gwiwa na ma'aunin CCS. Ƙungiyoyin masana'antun kera motoci na Amirka da Jamus sun gane shi da sauri.
Idan aka kwatanta da CCS1, fa'idodin NACS na Tesla sune: (1) haske sosai, ƙaramin filogi zai iya biyan bukatun jinkirin caji da sauri, yayin da CCS1 da CHAdeMO suna da girma sosai; (2) duk motocin NACS duk suna goyan bayan ka'idar bayanai don kula da lissafin toshe-da-wasa. Duk wanda ya tuka motar lantarki a kan babbar hanya dole ne ya san wannan. Domin yin caji, ƙila ka zazzage apps da yawa sannan ka duba lambar QR don biya. Yana da matukar wahala. m. Idan za ku iya toshewa da wasa da lissafin kuɗi, ƙwarewar za ta fi kyau. A halin yanzu ana samun goyan bayan wannan aikin ta ƴan ƙirar CCS. (3) Babban shimfidar hanyar sadarwa na caji na Tesla yana ba masu motoci damar samun sauƙin amfani da motocin su. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in cajin CCS1, amincin Tesla na cajin cajin ya fi girma kuma ƙwarewar ya fi kyau. mai kyau.

Kwatanta ma'aunin caji na Tesla NACS da ma'aunin caji na CCS1
Wannan shine bambanci a cikin caji mai sauri. Ga masu amfani da Arewacin Amurka waɗanda ke son jinkirin caji kawai, ana amfani da ma'aunin cajin J1772. Duk Teslas sun zo tare da adaftar mai sauƙi wanda ke ba su damar amfani da J1772. Masu Tesla suna son shigar da cajar NACS a gida, wanda ya fi arha.
Ga wasu wuraren jama'a, irin su otal, Tesla zai rarraba NACS jinkirin caja zuwa otal; idan Tesla NACS ya zama ma'auni, to J1772 na yanzu za a sanye shi da adaftan don canzawa zuwa NACS.
3. Standard VS mafi yawan masu amfani
Ba kamar kasar Sin ba, wacce ta hade daidaitattun bukatun kasa, ko da yake CCS1 ita ce ma'aunin caji a Arewacin Amurka, saboda aikin farko da aka yi da manyan hanyoyin caji na Tesla, wannan ya haifar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa a Arewacin Amurka, wato: mafi yawan The CCS1 daidaitattun da kamfanoni ke goyan bayan (kusan duk kamfanoni ban da Tesla) a zahiri tsiraru ne; maimakon daidaitaccen tsarin caji na Tesla, yawancin masu amfani suna amfani da shi.
Matsalar da ke tattare da haɓaka na'urar caji ta Tesla ita ce, ba ƙa'idar da aka bayar ko aka sani ba ta kowace kungiya, saboda don zama ma'auni, dole ne ya bi hanyoyin da suka dace na ƙungiyar haɓaka ma'auni. Yana da kawai mafita na Tesla kanta, kuma galibi yana cikin Arewacin Amurka (da wasu kasuwanni kamar Japan da Koriya ta Kudu).
Tun da farko, Tesla ya sanar da cewa zai ba da lasisin haƙƙin mallaka "a kyauta" amma tare da wasu sharuɗɗa, tayin da 'yan kaɗan suka ɗauka. Yanzu da Tesla ya bude cikakkiyar fasahar caji da kayayyakinsa, mutane na iya amfani da shi ba tare da izinin kamfanin ba. A gefe guda, bisa ga kididdigar kasuwannin Arewacin Amurka, Tesla ta caji tari / farashin ginin tashar kusan 1/5 ne kawai na ma'auni, wanda ke ba shi fa'ida mafi girma yayin haɓakawa. A lokaci guda, Yuni 9, 2023, wato, bayan Ford da General Motors sun shiga Tesla NACS, Fadar White House ta fitar da labarai cewa Tesla's NACS na iya karɓar tallafin tara kudade daga gwamnatin Biden. Kafin wannan, Tesla bai cancanci ba.
Wannan matakin da kamfanonin Amurka da gwamnati suka yi yana jin kamar sanya kamfanonin Turai a shafi guda. Idan ma'aunin NACS na Tesla a ƙarshe zai iya haɗa kasuwar Arewacin Amurka, to, ƙa'idodin caji na duniya zai haifar da sabon yanayi mai ban sha'awa: GB/T na China, CCS2 na Turai, da Tesla NACS.

Kwanan nan, Nissan ta sanar da wata yarjejeniya da Tesla don ɗaukar ma'aunin caji na Arewacin Amurka (NACS) farawa daga 2025, da nufin samarwa masu Nissan ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don cajin motocinsu masu amfani da wutar lantarki. A cikin watanni biyu kacal, kamfanonin kera motoci guda bakwai da suka hada da Volkswagen, da Ford, da General Motors, da Rivian, da Volvo, da Polestar, da kuma Mercedes-Benz, sun sanar da kulla yarjejeniya da Tesla. Bugu da kari, a cikin kwana daya, shugabanni hudu na kasashen ketare na caji masu aiki da cibiyar sadarwa da masu samar da sabis a lokaci guda sun sanar da daukar ma'aunin Tesla NACS. $ New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF (SZ159637) $

Tesla yana da yuwuwar haɗe ƙa'idodin caji a kasuwannin Turai da Amurka.

A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan ma'aunin caji na yau da kullun guda 4 a kasuwa, wato: ma'aunin CHAdeMo na Japan, ma'aunin GB/T na kasar Sin, ma'aunin CCS1/2 na Turai da Amurka, da ma'aunin NACS na Tesla. Kamar dai yadda iskoki ke bambanta daga mil zuwa mil kuma kwastam sun bambanta daga mil zuwa mil, ma'auni na caji daban-daban na ɗaya daga cikin “tubalan” zuwa faɗaɗa sabbin motocin makamashi a duniya.

Kamar yadda muka sani, dalar Amurka ita ce babbar kuɗin duniya, don haka yana da “wuya”. Bisa la'akari da wannan, Musk ya kuma tara babban wasa a ƙoƙari na mamaye ma'aunin caji na duniya. A ƙarshen 2022, Tesla ya sanar da cewa zai buɗe ma'auni na NACS, ya bayyana ikon ƙirar ƙirar cajin sa, kuma ya gayyaci sauran kamfanonin mota don ɗaukar ƙirar cajin NACS a cikin manyan motocin da aka kera. Daga baya, Tesla ya sanar da buɗe hanyar sadarwa ta caji. Tesla yana da babbar hanyar sadarwa mai saurin caji a Amurka, gami da kusan tashoshi masu caji 1,600 da fiye da 17,000 manyan caja. Samun shiga babbar hanyar sadarwa ta Tesla na iya adana kuɗi da yawa wajen gina hanyar sadarwa ta caji da kanta. A halin yanzu, Tesla ya buɗe hanyar sadarwar caji zuwa wasu samfuran mota a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna 18.

Tabbas, Musk ba zai bar kasar Sin ba, babbar kasuwar sabbin motocin makamashi ta duniya. A watan Afrilu na wannan shekara, Tesla ya ba da sanarwar bude hanyar sadarwar caji a kasar Sin. Rukunin farko na buɗewar matukin jirgi na manyan tashoshin caji guda 10 na samfuran Tesla 37 ne waɗanda ba Tesla ba, waɗanda ke rufe yawancin shahararrun samfuran ƙarƙashin samfuran BYD da “Wei Xiaoli”. A nan gaba, za a shimfida hanyar sadarwar caji na Tesla a kan wani yanki mai girma kuma za a ci gaba da fadada ayyukan sabis na nau'o'i daban-daban da samfurori.

A farkon rabin shekarar bana, kasata ta fitar da jimillar sabbin motocin makamashi 534,000 zuwa kasashen waje, adadin da ya karu da sau 1.6 a duk shekara, abin da ya sa ta zama kasa ta daya a duniya wajen sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi zuwa kasashen waje. A kasuwannin kasar Sin, an tsara sabbin manufofin da suka shafi makamashi a cikin gida tun da farko, an kuma bunkasa masana'antar tun da farko. An haɗa ma'aunin caji na GB/T 2015 a matsayin ma'auni. Koyaya, rashin jituwar mu'amalar caji har yanzu yana bayyana akan ɗimbin motocin da aka shigo da su daga waje. Akwai rahotannin farko na labarai cewa bai dace da daidaitaccen tsarin caji na ƙasa ba. Masu motoci za su iya yin caji kawai a tarin caji na musamman. Idan suna buƙatar amfani da tankunan caji na ƙasa, suna buƙatar adaftar ta musamman. ( Editan ya kasa yin tunanin wasu kayan aikin da aka shigo da su gida lokacin da nake karama, akwai kuma na'ura mai canzawa a kan soket. Nau'in na Turai da Amurka sun kasance masu rikici. Idan na manta wata rana, na'urar kewayawa na iya yiwuwa. tafiya .

Bugu da kari, an tsara ma'aunin cajin kasar Sin da wuri (watakila saboda babu wanda ya yi tsammanin cewa sabbin motocin makamashi za su iya bunkasa cikin sauri), ana kafa ma'aunin wutar lantarki na kasa a matakin da bai dace ba - matsakaicin karfin wutar lantarki na 950v, matsakaicin matsakaicin 250A. wanda ke haifar da mafi girman ka'idar ikonsa yana iyakance ga ƙasa da 250kW. Sabanin haka, ma'aunin NACS wanda Tesla ya mamaye a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka ba wai yana da ƙaramin filogi na caji ba, har ma yana haɗa cajin DC/AC, tare da saurin caji har zuwa 350kW.

Duk da haka, a matsayin manyan 'yan wasa a cikin sababbin motocin makamashi, don ba da damar ka'idodin kasar Sin su "tafi duniya", Sin, Japan da Jamus sun kirkiro sabon tsarin cajin "ChaoJi". A cikin 2020, CHAdeMO na Japan ya fitar da ma'aunin CHAdeMO3.0 kuma ya ba da sanarwar ɗaukar ƙirar ChaoJi. Bugu da ƙari, IEC (Hukumar Fasaha ta Duniya) ta kuma ɗauki maganin ChaoJi.

Bisa ga saurin da ake yi a halin yanzu, cibiyar sadarwa ta ChaoJi da Tesla NACS na iya fuskantar rikici a gaba, kuma daya kawai daga cikinsu zai iya zama "Tsarin Nau'in-C" a fagen sabbin motocin makamashi. Koyaya, yayin da kamfanoni da yawa na motoci ke zaɓar hanyar “haɗa idan ba za ku iya doke ta ba”, shaharar da ke cikin fasahar NACS na Tesla a halin yanzu ya zarce abin da mutane ke tsammani. Wataƙila babu sauran lokaci da yawa don ChaoJi?