V2H V2G V2L Menene amfanin caji bidirectional?

Menene amfanin caji bidirectional?
Za'a iya amfani da caja biyu don aikace-aikace daban-daban guda biyu. Na farko kuma wanda aka fi magana akai shine Vehicle-to-grid ko V2G, wanda aka kera don aikawa ko fitar da makamashi a cikin tashar wutar lantarki lokacin da ake bukata. Idan dubban motoci masu fasahar V2G aka toshe kuma aka kunna su, wannan yana da yuwuwar canza yadda ake adana wutar lantarki da kuma samar da wutar lantarki a ma'auni mai yawa. EVs suna da manyan batura masu ƙarfi, don haka haɗa ƙarfin dubban motoci tare da V2G na iya zama babba. Lura cewa V2X kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a wasu lokuta don bayyana duk bambance-bambancen guda uku da aka kwatanta a ƙasa.

Mota-zuwa-grid ko V2G - EV tana fitar da makamashi don tallafawa grid ɗin wutar lantarki.
Mota-zuwa gida ko V2H - EV makamashi ana amfani dashi don sarrafa gida ko kasuwanci.
Ana iya amfani da abin hawa-zuwa-ɗorawa ko V2L * - EV don sarrafa na'urori ko cajin wasu EVs.
* V2L baya buƙatar caja guda biyu don aiki

Amfani na biyu na caja EV bidirectional shine na Mota-zuwa gida ko V2H. Kamar yadda sunayen ke ba da shawara, V2H yana ba da damar yin amfani da EV kamar tsarin baturi na gida don adana yawan kuzarin rana da ƙarfin gidan ku. Misali, tsarin batirin gida na yau da kullun, kamar Tesla Powerwall, yana da ƙarfin 13.5kWh. Sabanin haka, matsakaicin EV yana da ƙarfin 65kWh, daidai da kusan biyar Powerwalls na Tesla. Saboda girman ƙarfin baturi, cikakken cajin EV zai iya tallafawa matsakaicin gida na kwanaki da yawa a jere ko ya fi tsayi idan an haɗa shi da hasken rana na saman rufin.

abin hawa-zuwa-grid - V2G
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) shine inda ake fitar da ƙaramin yanki na makamashin baturin EV da aka adana zuwa wutar lantarki lokacin da ake buƙata, ya danganta da tsarin sabis. Don shiga cikin shirye-shiryen V2G, ana buƙatar caja na DC guda biyu da EV mai jituwa. Tabbas, akwai wasu abubuwan ƙarfafawa na kuɗi don yin wannan kuma ana ba masu EV ƙididdigewa ko rage farashin wutar lantarki. EVs tare da V2G kuma na iya baiwa mai shi damar shiga cikin shirin samar da wutar lantarki mai kama-da-wane (VPP) don inganta kwanciyar hankali da samar da wutar lantarki yayin lokacin buƙatu kololuwa. Kadan daga cikin EVs a halin yanzu suna da V2G da ikon cajin DC bidirectional; waɗannan sun haɗa da samfurin Nissan Leaf (ZE1) na baya da kuma Mitsubishi Outlander ko Eclipse plug-in hybrids.

Duk da talla, ɗayan matsalolin fiddawar fasahar V2G ita ce ƙalubalen tsari da rashin daidaitattun ka'idojin caji da haɗin kai. Caja bidirectional, kamar masu jujjuya hasken rana, ana ɗaukarsu wani nau'i ne na samar da wutar lantarki kuma dole ne su cika duk ƙa'idodin aminci da ka'idojin rufewa a yayin da aka sami gazawar grid. Don shawo kan waɗannan rikice-rikice, wasu masana'antun abin hawa, irin su Ford, sun haɓaka tsarin caji mai sauƙi na AC wanda ke aiki tare da Ford EVs kawai don samar da wutar lantarki zuwa gida maimakon fitarwa zuwa grid. Wasu, irin su Nissan, suna aiki ta amfani da caja bidirectional na duniya kamar Wallbox Quasar, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla a ƙasa. Ƙara koyo game da fa'idodin fasahar V2G.
A zamanin yau, yawancin EVs suna sanye da daidaitaccen tashar cajin CCS DC. A halin yanzu, EV kawai da ke amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na CCS don caji bidirectional shine Ford F-150 Lightning EV wanda aka saki kwanan nan. Koyaya, ƙarin EVs tare da tashoshin haɗin CCS za su kasance tare da damar V2H da V2G nan gaba kaɗan, tare da VW yana sanar da motocin lantarki na ID ɗin na iya ba da cajin bidirectional wani lokaci a cikin 2023.
2. Mota zuwa Gida - V2H
Mota-zuwa gida (V2H) tana kama da V2G, amma ana amfani da makamashin a cikin gida don kunna gida maimakon a ciyar da shi cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Wannan yana bawa EV damar aiki kamar tsarin baturi na gida na yau da kullun don taimakawa haɓaka wadatar kai, musamman idan aka haɗa shi da hasken rana na saman rufin. Koyaya, fa'idar V2H mafi bayyananni shine ikon samar da wutar lantarki yayin duhu.

Don V2H ta yi aiki, tana buƙatar caja EV mai jituwa biyu da ƙarin kayan aiki, gami da mitar makamashi (CT meter) da aka shigar a babban wurin haɗin grid. Mitar CT tana lura da kwararar kuzari zuwa kuma daga grid. Lokacin da tsarin ya gano makamashin grid ɗin da gidanku ke cinyewa, yana nuna alamar cajar EV bidirectional don fitar da adadin daidai, don haka yana daidaita duk wani ƙarfin da aka zana daga grid. Haka kuma, lokacin da tsarin ya gano makamashin da ake fitarwa daga saman rufin rufin rana, yana karkatar da wannan don cajin EV, wanda yayi kama da yadda masu cajin EV masu wayo ke aiki. Don ba da damar ajiyar kuɗi a yayin da aka yi duhu ko gaggawa, tsarin V2H dole ne ya iya gano fitar da grid kuma ya ware shi daga hanyar sadarwar ta amfani da mai tuntuɓar atomatik (canzawa). Ana kiran wannan da tsibiri, kuma inverter bidirectional da gaske yana aiki azaman inverter na kashe-grid ta amfani da baturin EV. Ana buƙatar kayan keɓewar grid don ba da damar aiki na wariyar ajiya, kamar na'urorin inverters waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a tsarin batir ɗin ajiya.