Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Cajin Kayan aikin

Yayin da mafi yawan buƙatun caji a halin yanzu ana biyan su ta hanyar cajin gida, ana ƙara buƙatar caja masu isa ga jama'a don samar da daidaitaccen matakin dacewa da samun damar mai da ababen hawa na yau da kullun. A cikin manyan biranen birni, musamman, inda samun damar yin cajin gida ya fi ƙayyadaddun, kayan aikin cajin jama'a shine mabuɗin taimaka wa EV. A ƙarshen 2022, akwai wuraren cajin jama'a miliyan 2.7 a duk duniya, sama da 900 000 waɗanda aka girka a cikin 2022, kusan haɓakar 55% akan hannun jari na 2021, kuma kwatankwacin ƙimar ci gaban annoba na 50% tsakanin 2015 da 2019.

Sannun caja

A duniya, sama da maki 600 000 na jama'a jinkirin caji1an shigar da su a shekarar 2022, 360 000 daga cikinsu suna kasar Sin, wanda ya kawo yawan caja a kasar zuwa sama da miliyan daya. A karshen shekarar 2022, kasar Sin ta kasance gida ga fiye da rabin adadin cajar jama'a a duniya.

Turai tana matsayi na biyu, tare da 460 000 jimlar caja a hankali a cikin 2022, haɓaka 50% daga shekarar da ta gabata. Netherlands ce ke kan gaba a Turai da 117 000, sai kuma kusan 74 000 a Faransa da 64 000 a Jamus. Hannun caja masu sannu a hankali a Amurka ya karu da kashi 9% a cikin 2022, mafi ƙarancin girma tsakanin manyan kasuwanni. A Koriya, jinkirin cajin hannun jari ya ninka sau biyu a shekara, ya kai maki 184 000 na caji.

Caja masu sauri

Caja masu saurin isa ga jama'a, musamman waɗanda ke kan manyan tituna, suna ba da damar tafiye-tafiye masu tsayi kuma suna iya magance tashin hankali, wani shinge ga ɗaukar EV. Kamar jinkirin caja, caja masu sauri na jama'a suma suna ba da mafita na caji ga masu amfani waɗanda ba su da amintaccen damar yin caji na sirri, ta haka ke ƙarfafa ɗaukar EV a faɗin faɗin yawan jama'a. Yawan caja masu sauri ya karu da 330 000 a duniya a cikin 2022, kodayake yawancin (kusan kashi 90%) na ci gaban sun fito ne daga kasar Sin. Aiwatar da cajin gaggawa na ramawa ga rashin samun damar yin amfani da caja na gida a biranen da ke da yawan jama'a, kuma yana tallafawa manufofin kasar Sin na tura EV cikin sauri. Kasar Sin tana da adadin caja masu sauri 760,000, amma fiye da jimillar adadin cajar jama'a yana cikin larduna goma kacal.

A cikin Turai gabaɗayan kayan caja masu sauri sun kai 70 000 a ƙarshen 2022, haɓaka kusan 55% idan aka kwatanta da 2021. Ƙasashen da ke da manyan cajar caja sune Jamus (sama da 12 000), Faransa (9 700) da Norway (9000). Akwai bayyanannun buri a cikin Tarayyar Turai don ci gaba da haɓaka ababen more rayuwa na cajin jama'a, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar wucin gadi ta nuna game da Tsarin Tsarin Kayayyakin Man Fetur (AFIR), wanda zai saita buƙatun ɗaukar cajin wutar lantarki a cikin jigilar hanyar sadarwa ta Turai (TEN). -T) tsakanin Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai za su samar da sama da Yuro biliyan 1.5 a ƙarshen 2023 don madadin ababen more rayuwa na mai, gami da cajin gaggawar lantarki.

Amurka ta sanya caja masu sauri 6 300 a cikin 2022, kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na Tesla Superchargers ne. Jimillar caja masu sauri sun kai 28 000 a ƙarshen 2022. Ana sa ran ƙaddamar da aiki zai haɓaka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa bayan amincewar gwamnati na (NEVI). Dukkanin jihohin Amurka, Washington DC, da Puerto Rico suna shiga cikin shirin, kuma an riga an ware dala miliyan 885 a cikin kudade don 2023 don tallafawa gina caja a kan babbar hanya mai nisan kilomita 122 000. Hukumar kula da manyan tituna ta Amurka ta sanar da sabbin ka'idoji na kasa don tallafin caja na EV na tarayya don tabbatar da daidaito, amintacce, samun dama da dacewa. daga cikin sababbin ka'idoji, Tesla ya sanar da cewa zai bude wani yanki na Supercharger na Amurka (inda Superchargers ke wakiltar 60% na jimlar caja masu sauri a Amurka) da kuma hanyar sadarwa na Caja zuwa wadanda ba Tesla EVs ba.

Abubuwan cajin jama'a suna ƙara zama dole don ba da damar ɗaukar EV mai faɗi

Aiwatar da ababen more rayuwa na cajin jama'a cikin tsammanin ci gaban tallace-tallace na EV yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar EV mai yaɗuwa. A Norway, alal misali, akwai kusan LDVs na batir na lantarki a kowane wurin cajin jama'a a cikin 2011, waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙarin tallafi. A ƙarshen 2022, tare da sama da 17% na LDVs kasancewa BEVs, akwai 25 BEVs a kowane wurin cajin jama'a a Norway. Gabaɗaya, yayin da rabon hannun jari na LDVs na lantarki na baturi ya ƙaru, wurin caji kowane rabo na BEV yana raguwa. Ci gaban tallace-tallace na EV zai iya dorewa ne kawai idan an sami biyan buƙatu ta hanyar samar da ababen more rayuwa da araha, ko dai ta hanyar caji na sirri a cikin gidaje ko wurin aiki, ko tashoshin caji na jama'a.

Matsakaicin LDVs na lantarki akan kowace cajar jama'a

Ma'aunin cajin jama'a a kowace rabon LDV-lantarki na baturi a cikin zaɓaɓɓun ƙasashe akan rabon hannun jari na LDV na baturi

Yayin da PHEVs ba su da dogaro da ababen more rayuwa na cajin jama'a fiye da BEVs, aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi isassun wuraren caji yakamata su haɗa (da ƙarfafa) cajin jama'a na PHEV. Idan an yi la'akari da jimillar adadin LDVs na lantarki a kowane wurin caji, matsakaicin duniya a cikin 2022 ya kasance kusan EVs goma a kowace caja. Kasashe irin su China, Koriya da Netherlands sun adana ƙasa da EVs goma a kowace caja a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. A cikin ƙasashen da suka dogara kacokan akan cajin jama'a, adadin caja masu isa ga jama'a yana faɗaɗa cikin saurin da ya yi daidai da aikin EV.

Duk da haka, a wasu kasuwannin da ke da yaɗuwar wadatar cajin gida (saboda yawan kaso na gidajen iyali guda tare da damar shigar da caja) adadin EVs a kowane wurin cajin jama'a na iya zama mafi girma. Alal misali, a Amurka, rabon EVs a kowace caja shine 24, kuma a Norway ya fi 30. Yayin da kasuwancin EVs ya karu, cajin jama'a ya zama mahimmanci, har ma a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, don tallafawa EV a tsakanin direbobi. waɗanda ba su da damar yin amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan caji na gida ko wurin aiki. Koyaya, mafi kyawun rabon EVs akan kowace caja zai bambanta dangane da yanayin gida da buƙatun direba.

Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci fiye da adadin caja na jama'a da ke akwai shine jimillar ƙarfin cajin jama'a a kowace EV, ganin cewa caja masu sauri na iya yin amfani da ƙarin EVs fiye da jinkirin caja. A lokacin farkon matakan ɗaukar EV, yana da ma'ana don samun ƙarfin caji kowane EV ya zama babba, ana ɗauka cewa amfani da caja zai yi ƙasa da ƙasa har sai kasuwa ta girma kuma amfani da kayan aikin ya zama mafi inganci. Dangane da wannan, Tarayyar Turai akan AFIR ta haɗa da buƙatun don jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a bayar bisa girman adadin jiragen ruwa masu rijista.

A duk duniya, matsakaicin ƙarfin cajin jama'a akan kowane LDV na lantarki yana kusa da 2.4 kW a kowace EV. A cikin Tarayyar Turai, rabon ya ragu, tare da matsakaicin kusan 1.2 kW a kowace EV. Koriya tana da mafi girman rabo a 7 kW a kowace EV, har ma da mafi yawan caja na jama'a (90%) kasancewa masu caja a hankali.

Yawan LDVs na lantarki a kowane wurin cajin jama'a da kW kowace LDV na lantarki, 2022

Bude

Adadin LDVs na lantarki a kowace cajin batukW na cajin jama'a a kowace LDVsNew ZealandIcelandAustraliaNorwayBrazilJamusSwedenUnited StatesDenmarkPortugalUnited KingdomSpainKanadaIndonesiaFinlandSwitzerlandJapanThailand Tarayyar Turai FaransaPolandMexicoBrazil AfirkaChileGreeceNetherlandKorea08162432404856647280889610400.61.21.82.433.64.24.85.466.67.27.8

• EV/ EVSE (axis na kasa)
• kW / EV (babban axis)

A cikin yankunan da manyan motocin lantarki ke samun kasuwa, manyan motocin lantarki na batir za su iya yin gogayya bisa tsarin TCO tare da manyan motocin diesel na yau da kullun don ayyuka masu yawa, ba kawai birane da yanki ba, har ma a cikin sassan yanki na tarakta-trailer da na dogon lokaci. . Matsaloli guda uku waɗanda ke ƙayyade lokacin da aka kai su ne kuɗin fito; Kudin man fetur da ayyukan aiki (misali bambanci tsakanin farashin dizal da wutar lantarki da masu aikin motocin ke fuskanta, da rage farashin kulawa); da tallafin CAPEX don rage gibin da ke cikin farashin siyan abin hawa na gaba. Tun da manyan motocin lantarki na iya samar da ayyuka iri ɗaya tare da ƙananan farashin rayuwa (ciki har da idan an yi amfani da rangwamen kuɗi), abin da masu abin hawa ke tsammanin dawo da farashi na gaba shine mabuɗin mahimmanci don ƙayyade ko siyan motar lantarki ko na al'ada.

Za a iya inganta tattalin arzikin manyan motocin lantarki a aikace-aikacen nesa sosai idan za a iya rage farashin caji ta hanyar haɓaka "kashe-sauyi" (misali lokacin dare ko wasu dogon lokaci na raguwa) jinkirin caji, tabbatar da kwangilolin sayayya mai yawa tare da ma'aikatan grid don "tsakiyar motsi" (misali lokacin hutu), azumi (har zuwa 350 kW), ko caji mai sauri (> 350 kW), da bincika caji mai wayo da damar abin hawa-zuwa-grid don ƙarin kudin shiga.

Motocin lantarki da bas-bas za su dogara da cajin kashe-kashe don yawancin makamashin su. Wannan zai fi samun nasara a wuraren cajin masu zaman kansu ko masu zaman kansu ko a tashoshin jama'a akan manyan tituna, kuma galibi cikin dare. Ana buƙatar haɓaka ɗakunan ajiya don haɓaka buƙatun sabis na wutar lantarki mai nauyi, kuma a yawancin lokuta na iya buƙatar rarrabawa da haɓaka grid na watsawa. Dangane da abubuwan da ake buƙata na kewayon abin hawa, cajin wurin ajiyar kaya zai wadatar don ɗaukar yawancin ayyuka a cikin motar bas ɗin birni da kuma ayyukan manyan motoci na birni da yanki.

Dokokin da suka ba da izinin lokacin hutu na iya samar da taga lokaci don cajin tsakiyar motsi idan ana samun zaɓuɓɓukan caji mai sauri ko matsananci akan hanya: Tarayyar Turai na buƙatar mintuna 45 na hutu bayan kowane awa 4.5 na tuƙi; Amurka ta ba da umarnin mintuna 30 bayan sa'o'i 8.

Yawancin tashoshin caji kai tsaye na yanzu (DC) na kasuwanci a halin yanzu suna ba da damar matakan wutar lantarki daga 250-350 kW. Majalisar Turai da Majalisar Tarayyar Turai suka cimma a hankali ya haɗa da aiwatar da matakan jigilar kayayyakin more rayuwa ga motocin da ke da nauyi mai nauyi da za a fara a cikin 2025. Nazarin kwanan nan game da buƙatun wutar lantarki don ayyukan yanki da manyan motoci masu tsayi a cikin Amurka da Turai sun gano cewa cajin wutar lantarki sama da 350 kW , kuma wanda ya kai megawatt 1, ana iya buƙatar cajin manyan motocin lantarki gabaɗaya yayin hutu na mintuna 30 zuwa 45.

Gane buƙatar haɓaka caji cikin sauri ko matsananciyar caji azaman abin da ake buƙata don samar da ayyukan yanki biyu da, musamman, ayyukan dogon lokaci ta hanyar fasaha da tattalin arziki, a cikin 2022 Traton, Volvo, da Daimler sun kafa haɗin gwiwa mai zaman kansa, Tare da EUR 500 miliyan a cikin haɗin gwiwar saka hannun jari daga ƙungiyoyin masana'antu masu nauyi uku, yunƙurin yana da niyyar tura sama da 1 700 cikin sauri (300 zuwa 350 kW) da ultra-sauri (1MW) wuraren caji a duk faɗin Turai.

Ana amfani da ma'aunin caji da yawa a halin yanzu, kuma ana kan haɓaka ƙayyadaddun fasaha don caji mai sauri. Tabbatar da madaidaicin madaidaicin ma'auni na caji da haɗin kai don EVs masu nauyi za a buƙaci don guje wa tsada, rashin inganci, da ƙalubale ga masu shigo da abin hawa da masu aiki na ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda masana'antun za su ƙirƙira ta bin hanyoyi daban-daban.

A kasar Sin, hadin gwiwar majalisar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin da kamfanin "ultra ChaoJi" na CHAdeMO suna samar da ma'aunin cajin motocin da ke aiki masu nauyi har zuwa megawatts masu yawa. A cikin Turai da Amurka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don Tsarin Cajin Megawatt na CharIN (MCS), tare da yuwuwar iyakar ƙarfin. suna ƙarƙashin ci gaba ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (ISO) da sauran kungiyoyi. Bayanan MCS na ƙarshe, waɗanda za a buƙaci don ƙaddamar da kasuwanci, ana sa ran zuwa 2024. Bayan tashar cajin megawatt na farko da Daimler Trucks da Portland General Electric (PGE) suka bayar a 2021, da kuma zuba jari da ayyuka a Austria, Sweden , Spain da Ingila.

Kasuwancin caja tare da ƙididdige ƙarfin 1 MW zai buƙaci babban jari, saboda tashoshi masu irin wannan buƙatun masu ƙarfi za su haifar da ƙima mai mahimmanci a duka haɓakawa da haɓakawa. Yin bita ga samfuran kasuwancin lantarki na jama'a da ka'idojin sashin wutar lantarki, daidaita tsare-tsare a cikin masu ruwa da tsaki da kuma caji mai wayo duk na iya taimakawa tallafin kai tsaye ta hanyar ayyukan matukin jirgi da tallafin kuɗi na iya haɓaka nuni da karɓuwa a farkon matakai. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya zayyana wasu mahimman la'akari da ƙira don haɓaka tashoshin caji mai ƙima na MCS:

• Tsara tashoshin caji a wuraren ajiyar manyan tituna kusa da layin watsawa da tashoshin sadarwa na iya zama mafita mafi kyau don rage farashi da haɓaka amfani da caja.
• Haɗin "Madaidaicin Dama" tare da haɗin kai tsaye zuwa layin watsawa a farkon mataki, don haka tsammanin bukatun makamashi na tsarin da aka samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa na ayyukan sufuri, maimakon haɓaka grid na rarrabawa akan ad-hoc da gajeren lokaci. tushe, zai zama mahimmanci don rage farashi. Wannan zai buƙaci tsari mai tsari da haɗin kai tsakanin ma'aikatan grid da cajin masu haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa a sassan sassa.
• Tunda haɗin gwiwar tsarin watsawa da haɓaka grid na iya ɗaukar shekaru 4-8, wurin zama da gina manyan tashoshin cajin za su buƙaci farawa da wuri-wuri.

Magani sun haɗa da shigar da ma'ajiya ta tsaye da haɗa ƙarfin sabuntawa na gida, haɗe tare da caji mai wayo, wanda zai iya taimakawa rage farashin ababen more rayuwa da suka shafi haɗin grid da farashin siyan wutar lantarki (misali ta hanyar baiwa masu aikin motocin damar rage farashi ta hanyar daidaita farashin farashi a ko'ina cikin yini, samun fa'ida. na damar abin hawa-zuwa-grid, da sauransu).

Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan don samar da wuta ga motocin masu nauyi masu nauyi (HDVs) sune musanya baturi da tsarin hanyoyin lantarki. Tsarin hanyoyin lantarki na iya canza wutar lantarki zuwa babbar mota ko dai ta hanyar coils a cikin hanya, ko ta hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin abin hawa da hanya, ko ta layin catenary (a sama). Catenary da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan caji masu ƙarfi na iya ɗaukar alƙawarin rage farashin matakin jami'a a cikin sauye-sauye zuwa manyan motocin yanki da masu ɗaukar dogon zango, suna kammala da kyau dangane da jimillar babban kuɗi da farashin aiki. Hakanan zasu iya taimakawa don rage buƙatun ƙarfin baturi. Ana iya ƙara rage buƙatar baturi, da kuma inganta amfani da su, idan an tsara tsarin hanyoyin lantarki don dacewa ba kawai da manyan motoci ba har ma da motocin lantarki. Koyaya, irin waɗannan hanyoyin zasu buƙaci ƙirar inductive ko a cikin hanya waɗanda ke zuwa tare da manyan matsaloli ta fuskar haɓaka fasaha da ƙira, kuma sun fi ƙarfin jari. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin hanyoyin lantarki suna haifar da ƙalubale masu kama da na ɓangaren jirgin ƙasa, gami da babban buƙatu na daidaita hanyoyin mota da ababen hawa (kamar yadda aka kwatanta da trams da motocin bas), daidaitawa ta kan iyakoki don tafiye-tafiye mai tsayi, da abubuwan more rayuwa masu dacewa. samfurin mallaka. Suna samar da ƙarancin sassauci ga masu manyan motoci dangane da hanyoyi da nau'ikan abin hawa, kuma suna da tsadar haɓaka gabaɗaya, duk suna shafar gogayyarsu dangane da tashoshin caji na yau da kullun. Ganin waɗannan ƙalubalen, irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren za a fara tura su a kan hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki da ake amfani da su sosai, waɗanda za su haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Zanga-zangar kan titunan jama'a har ya zuwa yau a Jamus da Sweden sun dogara da zakara daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Ana kuma la'akari da kiran da ake yi na matukin jirgi na hanyar lantarki a China, Indiya, Burtaniya da Amurka.

Yin cajin buƙatun motoci masu nauyi

Binciken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tsabtace Sufuri (ICCT) ya nuna cewa musanya baturi don masu kafa biyu masu lantarki a cikin sabis na taksi (misali taksi na keke) yana ba da mafi kyawun TCO idan aka kwatanta da cajin BEV ko ICE masu kafa biyu. A cikin yanayin isar da nisan mil na ƙarshe ta hanyar keken kafa biyu, cajin batu a halin yanzu yana da fa'idar TCO akan musanya baturi, amma tare da ingantattun manufofin ƙarfafawa da sikelin, musanyawa zai iya zama zaɓi mai dacewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Gabaɗaya, yayin da matsakaita tazarar tafiyar yau da kullun ke ƙaruwa, baturi mai kafa biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki tare da musanya baturi ya zama mafi arziƙi fiye da cajin batu ko motocin mai. A cikin 2021, an kafa ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar batura masu sauyawa da nufin sauƙaƙe musanyar baturi na motocin masu nauyi, gami da masu kafa biyu/ uku, ta hanyar aiki tare akan ƙayyadaddun baturi gama gari.

Musanya batir na masu kafa biyu/uku na lantarki na samun karbuwa musamman a Indiya. A halin yanzu akwai kamfanoni daban-daban sama da goma a kasuwannin Indiya, ciki har da Gogoro, wani injin sarrafa wutar lantarki da ke Taipei na kasar Sin da kuma jagoran fasahar musayar baturi. Gogoro ya yi ikirarin cewa batir dinsa yana da karfin 90% na babur lantarki a kasar Sin Taipei, kuma cibiyar sadarwar Gogoro tana da tashoshi sama da 12 000 na musayar baturi don tallafawa sama da 500 000 masu taya biyu na lantarki a cikin kasashe tara, galibi a yankin Asiya Pacific. haɗin gwiwa tare da Zypp Electric na tushen Indiya, wanda ke gudanar da dandamali na EV-as-a-service don isar da nisan mil na ƙarshe; tare, suna tura tashoshi 6 na musayar batura da masu taya biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki guda 100 a matsayin wani bangare na aikin gwaji na ayyukan isar da kasuwanci zuwa kasuwanci na karshe a birnin Delhi. A farkon 2023, sun haɓaka , wanda za su yi amfani da su don faɗaɗa jiragen su zuwa 200 000 masu taya biyu masu lantarki a cikin biranen Indiya 30 nan da 2025. Sun Motsi yana da tarihin musanyar baturi a Indiya, tare da fiye da tashoshin musanyawa a fadin kasar. don lantarki biyu- da uku-wheelers, ciki har da e-rickshaws, tare da abokan tarayya kamar Amazon India. Tailandia kuma tana ganin ayyukan musanya baturi ga masu tasi na babur da masu jigilar kaya.

Yayin da ya zama ruwan dare a Asiya, musayar baturi don masu kafa biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki kuma yana yaduwa zuwa Afirka. Misali, farawar babur na Ruwanda yana aiki da tashoshin canza baturi, tare da mai da hankali kan hidimar ayyukan tasi na babur da ke buƙatar dogon zangon yau da kullun. Ampersand ya gina tashoshin musayar baturi guda goma a Kigali da uku a birnin Nairobi na kasar Kenya. Waɗannan tashoshi suna yin kusan musanya baturi 37 000 a wata.

Musanya baturi don masu kafa biyu/uku yana ba da fa'idodin tsada

Ga manyan motoci musamman, musanya baturi na iya samun babban fa'ida akan caji mai sauri. Da fari dai, musanya zai iya ɗauka kaɗan, wanda zai yi wahala da tsada a cimma ta hanyar caji na tushen kebul, yana buƙatar caja mai sauri da aka haɗa zuwa matsakaita-zuwa babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki da tsarin sarrafa batir masu tsada da kuma sinadarai na batir. Nisantar caji mai sauri kuma na iya tsawaita ƙarfin baturi, aiki da rayuwar zagayowar.

Baturi-as-a-service (BaaS), raba siyan mota da baturi, da kafa kwangilar hayar baturi, yana rage farashin siyan gaba gaba. Bugu da kari, tun da manyan motoci sukan dogara da sinadarai na batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP), wadanda suka fi tsayi fiye da batirin lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), sun dace da musanya ta fuskar tsaro da kuma araha.

Koyaya, ƙila farashin gina tasha zai fi girma don musanya baturin manyan motoci idan aka yi la'akari da girman abin hawa da batura masu nauyi, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin sarari da na'urori na musamman don yin musanya. Wani babban shamaki shi ne buqatar a daidaita batir zuwa girman da aka bayar, wanda manyan motocin OEM na iya fahimta a matsayin ƙalubale ga gasa kamar yadda ƙirar batir da ƙarfin aiki shine babban bambance-bambance tsakanin masu kera motocin lantarki.

Kasar Sin ita ce kan gaba wajen musayar batir ga manyan motoci saboda gagarumin goyon baya da kuma amfani da fasahar da aka tsara don kara karfin cajin na USB. A shekarar 2021, MIIT ta kasar Sin ta sanar da cewa, birane da dama za su yi gwajin fasahar musayar batir, ciki har da musayar batir HDV a birane uku. Kusan dukkan manyan kamfanonin kera manyan motocin kasar Sin, da suka hada da FAW, CAMC, Dongfeng, Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited (JMC), Shanxi Automobile, da SAIC.

Kasar Sin ce kan gaba wajen musayar batir da manyan motoci

Kasar Sin kuma ita ce kan gaba wajen musayar batir da motocin fasinja. A duk faɗin yanayin, jimlar adadin tashoshin musayar baturi a China ya tsaya kusan a ƙarshen 2022, 50% sama da na ƙarshen 2021. NIO, wacce ke kera motoci masu amfani da batir da tashoshin musayar batir, yana aiki fiye da yadda ya kamata. a kasar Sin, ya ba da rahoton cewa, hanyar sadarwa ta shafi fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na babban yankin kasar Sin. Rabin tashoshin musanyar su an shigar da su ne a shekarar 2022, kuma kamfanin ya sanya niyya na tashoshi 4000 na musanya batir a duniya nan da shekarar 2025. Kamfanin tashoshin musayansu na iya yin musanya sama da 300 a kowace rana, suna cajin batura 13 a lokaci guda tare da karfin iko. 20-80 kW.

NIO ta kuma sanar da shirin gina tashoshin musanya baturi a Turai yayin da samfurin motocinsu na musayar baturi ya zama samuwa a kasuwannin Turai a karshen shekarar 2022. An bude tashar musayar batir ta NIO na farko a Sweden kuma a karshen shekarar 2022, NIO goma An buɗe tashoshin musayar baturi a cikin Norway, Jamus, Sweden da Netherlands. Ya bambanta da NIO, wanda tashoshin musayar motocin NIO ke ba da sabis, tashar musayar baturi ta kasar Sin ta Aulton tashoshi suna tallafawa nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 daga kamfanonin motoci daban-daban 16.

Musanya baturi kuma na iya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa na musamman ga motocin tasi na LDV, waɗanda ayyukansu sun fi kula da lokutan caji fiye da motocin sirri. Farawa na Amurka Ample a halin yanzu yana aiki da tashoshin musayar baturi 12 a yankin San Francisco Bay, galibi yana ba da motocin Uber rideshare.

Kasar Sin kuma ita ce kan gaba wajen musayar batir da motocin fasinja

Nassoshi

A hankali caja suna da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙasa da ko daidai da 22 kW. Caja masu sauri sune waɗanda ke da ƙimar ƙarfin fiye da 22 kW kuma har zuwa 350 kW. Ana amfani da "makin caji" da "caji" a musaya kuma ana komawa zuwa kwas ɗin caji ɗaya, yana nuna adadin EVs waɗanda zasu iya caji lokaci guda. ''Tashoshin caji'' na iya samun wuraren caji da yawa.

A baya umarni, AFIR da aka gabatar, da zarar an amince da shi, zai zama doka mai daure kai, tare da ƙayyade, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, iyakar tazara tsakanin caja da aka girka tare da TEN-T, hanyoyin farko da sakandare a cikin Tarayyar Turai.

Maganganun inductive sun fi girma daga tallace-tallace kuma suna fuskantar ƙalubale don isar da isassun wutar lantarki a cikin manyan hanyoyi.