Sabbin cajin abin hawa makamashi na haɓaka damar haɓaka masana'antu

1. Bayanin ci gaban masana'antar cajin caji

Modulolin caji sune ginshiƙan tulin cajin DC don sabbin motocin makamashi. Yayin da adadin kutsawa da mallakar sabbin motocin makamashi a kasar Sin ke ci gaba da karuwa, ana samun karuwar bukatar cajin tulin. Sabon cajin abin hawa makamashi ya kasu zuwa AC jinkirin caji da caji mai sauri na DC. Cajin sauri na DC yana da halayen babban ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfi da caji mai sauri. Yayin da kasuwa ke bin yadda ya dace na caji, sikelin kasuwa na manyan cajin cajin DC da na'urorin caji yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa. .

2. Fasaha matakin da halaye na ev caji module masana'antu

Sabuwar masana'antar cajin abin hawa ta makamashi a halin yanzu tana da fasalulluka na fasaha kamar babban iko guda ɗaya, babban mitar, ƙarami, ingantaccen juyi, da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki.

Dangane da ikon module guda ɗaya, sabon masana'antar cajin cajin tari mai cajin masana'antar ya sami babban ci gaban samfur na 7.5kW a cikin 2014, 20A na yau da kullun da 15kW a cikin 2015, da ƙarfin 25A da 15kW akai-akai a cikin 2016. Abubuwan cajin aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na yau da kullun 20kW da 30kW. Magani guda-module da juyawa zuwa 40kW sabon makamashin cajin wutar lantarki na samar da mafita guda-module. Modulolin caji mai ƙarfi sun zama yanayin haɓaka kasuwa a nan gaba.

Dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, Grid na Jiha ya ba da sigar 2017 na "Ka'idodin Cancanta da Ƙarfi don Masu Kayayyakin Cajin Kayan Wutar Lantarki" tare da bayyana cewa kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na caja DC shine 200-750V, kuma kullun wutar lantarki yana rufe aƙalla. 400-500V da 600-750V. Sabili da haka, duk masana'antun ƙirar gabaɗaya suna ƙira kayayyaki don 200-750V kuma suna saduwa da buƙatun wutar lantarki akai-akai. Tare da karuwar yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na lantarki da kuma buƙatar sabbin masu amfani da makamashi don rage lokacin caji, masana'antar ta ba da shawarar tsarin gine-ginen caji mai sauri na 800V, kuma wasu kamfanoni sun fahimci samar da na'urorin caji na DC tare da fa'ida. Wurin lantarki na fitarwa na 200-1000V. .

Dangane da maɗaukakiyar mitoci da ƙanƙanta na na'urorin caji, ƙarfin injina guda ɗaya na sabbin kayan cajin wutar lantarki ya karu, amma ba za a iya faɗaɗa ƙarar sa daidai gwargwado ba. Sabili da haka, haɓaka mitar sauyawa da haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwar maganadisu sun zama mahimman hanyoyin haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi.

Dangane da ingantaccen tsarin caji, manyan kamfanoni a cikin sabbin masana'antar cajin cajin makamashi gabaɗaya suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin inganci na 95%-96%. A nan gaba, tare da haɓaka kayan aikin lantarki irin su na'urorin wutar lantarki na ƙarni na uku da haɓaka motocin lantarki tare da 800V ko ma mafi girma Tare da babban dandamali mai ƙarfin lantarki, ana sa ran masana'antar za ta shigo da samfuran tare da mafi girman inganci fiye da 98% .

Yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfin na'urorin caji ya ƙaru, yana kuma kawo mafi girman matsalolin zubar da zafi. Dangane da yanayin zafi na na'urorin caji, tsarin da ake amfani da shi na yau da kullun a cikin masana'antar shine tilasta sanyaya iska, sannan akwai kuma hanyoyin kamar rufaffiyar iskar iska da sanyaya ruwa. Sanyaya iska yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin farashi da tsari mai sauƙi. Duk da haka, yayin da matsa lamba na zubar da zafi ya ƙara ƙaruwa, rashin lahani na iyakantaccen iyawar zafi na sanyaya iska da ƙarar hayaniya za su ƙara bayyana. Samar da tsarin caji da layin bindiga tare da sanyaya ruwa ya zama babban bayani. jagorar fasaha.

3. Ci gaban fasaha yana haɓaka damar ci gaban sabbin masana'antar makamashi

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin fasahohin masana'antar makamashi sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma karuwar yawan kutse ya inganta ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar cajin wutar lantarki. Mahimman haɓakar ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi ya warware matsalar rashin isassun kewayon sabbin motocin makamashi, kuma aikace-aikacen manyan na'urori masu caji ya rage lokacin caji sosai, don haka yana haɓaka shigar sabbin motocin makamashi da gina tallafin caji. . A nan gaba, ana sa ran haɗawa da zurfafa aikace-aikacen fasahohi kamar ajiyar gani da caji da haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwar abin hawa na V2G za su ƙara haɓaka shigar sabbin masana'antun makamashi da haɓakar amfani.

4. Yanayin gasar masana'antu: Masana'antar cajin ƙirar ƙirar tana da cikakkiyar gasa kuma sararin kasuwan samfur yana da girma.

Tsarin caji shine ainihin sashin cajin DC. Tare da karuwar adadin shigar sabbin motocin makamashi a duk duniya, masu amfani suna ƙara damuwa game da caji da cajin dacewa. Bukatar kasuwa don cajin caji mai sauri na DC ya fashe, kuma kasuwar caji ta cikin gida ta haɓaka daga A farkon zamanin, Grid na Jiha shine babban ƙarfin ci gaba iri-iri. Yawancin ma'aikatan babban birnin tarayya tare da kera kayan aikin caji da ƙarfin aiki sun fito cikin sauri. Masu kera na'urorin caji na cikin gida sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa samarwa da sikelin tallace-tallace don gina tarin cajin caji, kuma cikakkiyar gasa ta ci gaba da ƙarfafawa. .

A halin yanzu, bayan shekaru na haɓaka samfuran da haɓaka samfuran caji, gasar masana'antu ta wadatar. Kayayyakin na yau da kullun suna haɓakawa ta hanyar babban ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, kuma sararin kasuwar samfur yana da girma. Kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu galibi suna samun mafi girman rabon kasuwa da matakan riba ta ci gaba da haɓaka samfuran topology, sarrafa algorithms, inganta kayan masarufi da tsarin samarwa, da sauransu.

5. Hanyoyin haɓakawa na ev caji kayayyaki

Kamar yadda na'urori masu caji ke haifar da buƙatun kasuwa, fasaha na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, faffadan wutar lantarki, da ingantaccen juzu'i.

1) Canje-canje na siyasa zuwa buƙatu

Don tallafawa da haɓaka haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi, ginin tulin cajin ya kasance gwamnati ce ta jagoranci a farkon matakin, kuma sannu a hankali ya jagoranci ci gaban masana'antar zuwa tsarin tuki mai ƙarfi ta hanyar tallafin siyasa. Tun daga shekarar 2021, saurin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi ya sanya buƙatu masu yawa kan gina wuraren tallafi da tulin caji. Masana'antar taɗi na caji tana kammala canji daga manufofin da ake tafiyar da su zuwa buƙatu.

Fuskantar karuwar sabbin motocin makamashi, baya ga ƙara girman shimfidar tulin caji, dole ne a ƙara rage lokacin caji. Takin cajin DC yana da saurin caji da gajeriyar lokutan caji, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da buƙatun caji na wucin gadi da na gaggawa na masu amfani da abin hawa na lantarki, kuma suna iya magance matsalolin kewayon abin hawa na lantarki da damuwa da cajin damuwa. Sabili da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sikelin kasuwa na cajin DC cikin sauri a cikin sabbin cajin cajin da aka gina, musamman ma jama'a na caji, ya karu cikin sauri kuma ya zama abin da ya dace a yawancin manyan biranen kasar Sin.

A takaice dai, a gefe guda, yayin da adadin sabbin motocin makamashi ke ci gaba da haɓaka, ana buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka aikin ginin tulin caji. A gefe guda, masu amfani da motocin lantarki gabaɗaya suna bin cajin DC cikin sauri. Takin cajin DC sun zama al'ada na yau da kullun, kuma na'urori masu caji su ma sun shiga buƙata. Matsayin ci gaba wanda ja shine babban ƙarfin motsa jiki.

(2) Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kewayon wutar lantarki mai faɗi, ingantaccen juzu'i

Abin da ake kira caji mai sauri yana nufin babban ƙarfin caji. Sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin karuwar buƙatar caji da sauri, na'urori masu caji suna ci gaba da haɓaka a cikin jagorancin babban iko. Ana samun babban iko na tarin caji ta hanyoyi biyu. Ɗayan shine haɗa nau'ikan caji da yawa a layi daya don cimma babban matsayi; ɗayan shine ƙara ƙarfin guda ɗaya na cajin module. Dangane da buƙatun fasaha na haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, rage sararin samaniya, da rage rikiɗar gine-ginen lantarki, haɓaka ƙarfin juzu'in caji ɗaya shine yanayin ci gaba na dogon lokaci. Modulolin caji na ƙasata sun wuce ƙarni uku na ci gaba, daga ƙarni na farko 7.5kW zuwa ƙarni na biyu 15/20kW, kuma yanzu suna cikin lokacin juyawa daga ƙarni na biyu zuwa na uku 30/40kW. Modulolin caji mai ƙarfi sun zama babban kasuwa. A lokaci guda, dangane da ka'idar ƙira na miniaturization, ƙarfin ƙarfin cajin kayayyaki shima ya karu a lokaci guda tare da haɓaka matakin wutar lantarki.

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma matsakaicin matakin wutar lantarki da sauri DC: haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki da haɓaka halin yanzu. Tesla ne ya fara karɓar maganin caji mai girma na yanzu. Amfanin shine cewa farashin haɓaka kayan haɓaka yana da ƙasa, amma babban halin yanzu zai kawo asarar zafi mai girma da buƙatu masu girma don ɓarkewar zafi, kuma wayoyi masu kauri suna rage dacewa kuma suna haɓaka Zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfi. Maganin babban ƙarfin lantarki shine haɓaka matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki na tsarin caji. A halin yanzu samfurin mota ne da aka saba amfani dashi. Yana iya yin la'akari da fa'idodin rage yawan kuzari, inganta rayuwar batir, rage nauyi, da adana sarari. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana buƙatar motocin lantarki da za a sanye su da dandamali mai ƙarfi don tallafawa aikace-aikacen caji mai sauri. A halin yanzu, maganin caji mai sauri wanda kamfanonin mota ke amfani da shi shine dandamali mai ƙarfi na 400V. Tare da bincike da aikace-aikacen dandali na ƙarfin lantarki na 800V, za a ƙara inganta matakin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin caji.

Haɓaka ingantaccen juzu'i alama ce ta fasaha wanda ke yin caji koyaushe yana bi. Haɓaka ingantaccen juzu'i yana nufin haɓakar caji mafi girma da ƙarancin asara. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin iyakar ingancin cajin kayayyaki shine gabaɗaya 95% ~ 96%. A nan gaba, tare da haɓaka na'urorin lantarki kamar na'urorin wutar lantarki na ƙarni na uku da ƙarfin fitarwa na kayan cajin da ke motsawa zuwa 800V ko ma 1000V, za a ƙara inganta ingantaccen canji.

(3) Darajar ev charging modules yana ƙaruwa

Tsarin caji shine ainihin abin da ke cikin tarin cajin DC, yana lissafin kusan kashi 50% na farashin kayan masarufi na tarin caji. Haɓaka ingancin caji a nan gaba ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen aikin na'urorin caji. A gefe guda, ƙarin na'urorin caji da aka haɗa a layi daya za su ƙara ƙimar cajin cajin kai tsaye; a gefe guda, haɓaka matakin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin ƙarfin caji guda ɗaya ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen ƙira na da'irori na hardware da software na sarrafawa da kuma fasahar mahimman abubuwan. Nasarar, waɗannan mahimman fasahohi ne don haɓaka ƙarfin duka tari na caji, wanda zai ƙara ƙimar tsarin caji.

6. Fasaha shinge a cikin ev ikon caji module masana'antu

Fasahar samar da wutar lantarki batu ne na tsaka-tsaki wanda ke haɗa fasahar topology na kewayawa, fasahar dijital, fasahar maganadisu, fasahar sassa, fasahar semiconductor, da fasahar ƙirar zafi. Masana'antu ce mai haɓakar fasaha. A matsayin zuciyar tulin cajin DC, tsarin caji kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin caji, kwanciyar hankali na aiki, aminci da amincin tulin caji, kuma mahimmancinsa da ƙimarsa sun yi fice. Samfurin yana buƙatar babban saka hannun jari na albarkatu da ƙwararru daga binciken fasaha da haɓakawa zuwa aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. Yadda za a zaɓi kayan haɗin lantarki da shimfidawa, haɓaka algorithm software da haɓakawa, ingantaccen fahimtar yanayin yanayin aikace-aikacen, da ingantaccen iko da ƙarfin dandalin gwaji duk zasu shafi ingancin samfur da kwanciyar hankali suna da tasiri kai tsaye. Yana da wahala sababbin masu shiga masana'antar su tattara fasahohi daban-daban, ma'aikata, da bayanan yanayin aikace-aikacen cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma suna da manyan shingen fasaha.